Green Care: A Conceptual Framework - Frisk i naturen
Green Care: A Conceptual Framework - Frisk i naturen
Green Care: A Conceptual Framework - Frisk i naturen
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for community development, neighbourhood empowerment and social<br />
reform, revitalizing communities (Westphal, 1999).<br />
Urban community greening includes establishment of community<br />
gardens, urban agricultural projects, tree planting and other plant-related<br />
activities. Urban community greening can contribute to social capital and<br />
community capacity building as residents get to know each other while<br />
sharing experiences (Westphal, 1999). Community greening encourages<br />
feelings of connectedness and empowerment, fosters an increased sense<br />
of ability, and provides sense of accomplishment, pride and ownership.<br />
Resident involvement has a positive impact on neighbourhood attachment,<br />
residential satisfaction, political awareness and ties to community resources<br />
strengthen (Armstrong, 2000).<br />
Tidball and Kransy (2006) have introduced the idea that community<br />
greening can create resilience within urban socio-ecological systems.<br />
Systems which lack resilience are susceptible to disturbance whereas<br />
diversity in functional and structural controls develops urban resilience.<br />
Urban community greening builds up social and human capital in cities by<br />
engaging diverse stakeholders, promoting self-organization to learn from<br />
and adaptively apply different types of knowledge. In the same way, the<br />
process of ‘community’ greening is a prevalent theme in many green care<br />
approaches, where health and social benefits are derived from nurturing<br />
greenspaces together with others.<br />
5.3.3 Food production in urban areas: Allotment<br />
gardening and urban agriculture<br />
Individual and collective approaches to growing food in urban areas link<br />
closely with many examples of green care. <strong>Green</strong> care initiatives such as<br />
STH, and care farming can often include vegetable and fruit cultivation for<br />
both therapeutic and consumption purposes. The objectives of allotment<br />
and community gardening and urban agriculture initiatives can vary<br />
according to settings and circumstances. In developing countries such<br />
initiatives are often primarily for food production and poverty mitigation,<br />
whereas in more developed countries, although historically they have<br />
been important for food production, recreation and leisure are now key<br />
considerations.<br />
62 <strong>Green</strong> <strong>Care</strong>: A <strong>Conceptual</strong> <strong>Framework</strong>