Green Care: A Conceptual Framework - Frisk i naturen

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Neuberger (2007), working with psychiatric patients, gives examples (pp.157-158) of specific horticultural activities that produce what he calls “correlating personal experiences”. For example, soil preparation may induce the psychic experience of a new beginning, a fresh start. In each of these approaches to therapy, the aim is to encourage clients to connect with nature and the role of the therapist is to facilitate the client to make that connection and to perceive it as valuable therapeutically. There is a therapeutic triangle here: the therapist, the client and connection with the natural environment are part of the therapy process. In a later section in this volume, the importance of the quality of the relationship between people in green care settings will be examined further. 2.4 Defining the construct of care One of the distinctions that can generally be made between green care and other activities that people undertake within the natural environment (walking, rambling, canoeing, mountain biking and so on) is that green care is intended to provide a range of (sometimes specific) benefits for particular client groups. Other activities within nature may contribute to people’s health and well-being in a general way but even if they are organised there may often be little or no emphasis on ‘care’ and therapeutic outcomes. Once such activities become focused on helping vulnerable people achieve specific outcomes they move into the realms of green care. Green care in all its forms focuses on providing nature-based benefits for various groups of vulnerable or socially excluded people. There are, however, differences in the level of ‘care’ provided by different green care options. Some operate as structured therapy programmes (for example, horticultural therapy and animal assisted therapy) with clearly stated patient-orientated goals whilst others aim to deliver more wide-ranging benefits. However, these too are aimed at specific groups and individuals rather than at casual participants who may be unaware of the ‘therapeutic’ intent. Ostensibly, the same medium or environment may be used for both the specific therapies and for the promotion of broader aims. Animal assisted therapy, for example, uses contact with animals as a tool for the therapist to work with individual clients and address particular areas of difficulty, whilst care farms use animals in the farm setting for wider benefits resulting from meaningful occupation, opportunities to nurture and so on. 21
The natural environment can be used to provide many different and sometimes specific aspects of ‘care’. In this document, the word ‘care’ in green care is taken in its broadest sense, that is, comprising elements of healthcare, social rehabilitation, education or employment opportunities for various vulnerable groups. This broad understanding of care is summarised in Figure 2.1, below. Figure 2.1: Different elements of care within ‘green care’. CARE Healthcare 22 Green Care: A Conceptual Framework Provides: treatment, therapy, specific interventions Partnerships: Primary Care Trusts, Mental health teams, Social Services, Drug and alcohol treatment organisations, Other health focused organisations Social rehabilitation Provides: Social Rehabilitation, reconnection to community, life skills Partnerships: drug and alcohol rehabilitation bodies, Probation Service, NOMS/Youth Offending teams, refugee organisations, other organisations Education Provides: Alternative education, facilities for special needs, opportunities for disaffected young people Partnerships: Pupil Referral Units, Schools/LSC, Other education organisations Employment Provides: Support for vulnerable people, farming/land management skills, work training, sheltered work Partnerships: adult learning/training organisations, drug and alcohol rehabilitation bodies, Probation Service, NOMS/Youth Offending teams, other sheltered employment schemes
Page 1 and 2: Green Care: A Conceptual Framework
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgements: The editors would
Page 5 and 6: Authors Bente Berget Postdoctor, De
Page 7 and 8: Contents PAGE CHAPTERS 9 1 Our valu
Page 10: 1 Why does ‘green care’ matter?
Page 13 and 14: these attributes are necessary for
Page 15 and 16: of St Dympna and stayed in a ‘the
Page 17 and 18: The treatment of tuberculosis durin
Page 19 and 20: sustainability and ecology (see for
Page 21: “The importance of feeling connec
Page 25 and 26: Hickey, B. (2008) ‘Lothlorien Com
Page 28 and 29: 3 Defining the concept of ‘green
Page 30 and 31: environment may be experienced by e
Page 32 and 33: These have been mentioned above and
Page 34 and 35: aware of it. This is very similar t
Page 36 and 37: References (Section 3) Burls, (Pedr
Page 38 and 39: 4 A brief overview of ‘green care
Page 40 and 41: elationship. According to McNichola
Page 42 and 43: Spurgeon (2006) have described STH:
Page 44 and 45: health-giving and that people seeki
Page 46 and 47: concise definition stating that wil
Page 48 and 49: References (Section 4) Bandoroff, S
Page 50 and 51: Kruger, K. A. and Serpell, A. (2006
Page 54 and 55: 5 Green care and its links with oth
Page 56 and 57: model is that people develop self-i
Page 58 and 59: Main described the crucial importan
Page 60 and 61: etween members of the community its
Page 62 and 63: to sustainable development in urban
Page 64 and 65: Ecotherapy is more about urban gree
Page 66 and 67: 5.3.4 Food production in urban area
Page 68 and 69: 5.3.6 Community owned farms A sligh
Page 70: Mougeot Luc J. A. (2006) Growing Be
Page 73 and 74:
(Wilson, 1984) has been highly infl
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Kaplan and Kaplan (1989) suggest th
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6.5 Therapeutic landscapes and gree
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also shows that involvement in work
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meaning and self actualisation (Mas
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down to three concepts or dimension
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assessment tool produced in an attr
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controls (Berget, 2006; Berget et a
Page 89 and 90:
Whilst green care in general does n
Page 91 and 92:
References Corbett, L. (2006) Varie
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complicate the interpretation of th
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physiological effect - an effect on
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dependability of the whole experien
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can be seen as decreasing the need
Page 103 and 104:
mental and social facets. Overall h
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its effects. There will be shortcom
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can be derived not only from human
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Table 7.1: Key services produced by
Page 111 and 112:
References (Section 7) Antonovsky,
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8 Conclusions 8.1 Green care - the
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community movement, or a single loc
Page 118 and 119:
“An advanced industrial society i
Page 120 and 121:
References (Section 8) Berget, B.,
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