17.09.2013 Views

Diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency - Alliance Physical ...

Diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency - Alliance Physical ...

Diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency - Alliance Physical ...

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

56. Liu PT, Stenger S, Li H, et al. Toll like<br />

receptor triggering <strong>of</strong> a <strong>vitamin</strong> D mediated<br />

human antimicrobial response. Science<br />

2006;311:1770-3.<br />

•• Evidence that 25(OH)D restores the<br />

ability <strong>of</strong> immune cells to upregulate<br />

antimicrobial peptides.<br />

57. Vieth R. The pharmacology <strong>of</strong> <strong>vitamin</strong> D,<br />

including fortification strategies.<br />

In: Vitamin D. Feldman D, Pike JW,<br />

Glorieux FH (Eds), Elsevier, San Diego;<br />

2005:995-1015.<br />

•• Fascinating review <strong>of</strong> the unique<br />

pharmacology <strong>of</strong> <strong>vitamin</strong> D<br />

including toxicity.<br />

58. Levis S, Gomez A, Jimenez C, et al.<br />

Vitamin D <strong>deficiency</strong> <strong>and</strong> seasonal<br />

variation in an adult South Florida<br />

population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab<br />

2005;90(3):1557-62.<br />

59. Willis CM, Laing EM, Hall DB, et al.<br />

A prospective analysis <strong>of</strong> plasma<br />

25-hydroxy<strong>vitamin</strong> D concentrations<br />

in white <strong>and</strong> black prepubertal females<br />

in the southeastern United States. Am J<br />

Clin Nutr 2007;85(1):124-30.<br />

60. Holick MF. McCollum award lecture,<br />

1994: <strong>vitamin</strong> D – new horizons for the<br />

21st century. Am J Clin Nutr<br />

1994;60:619-30.<br />

61. Yan<strong>of</strong>f LB, Parikh SJ, Spitalnik A, et al.<br />

The prevalence <strong>of</strong> hypo<strong>vitamin</strong>osis D <strong>and</strong><br />

secondary hyperparathyroidism in obese<br />

Black Americans. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)<br />

2006;64(5):523-9.<br />

62. Ruohola JP, Laaksi I, Ylikomi T, et al.<br />

Association between serum 25(OH)D<br />

concentrations <strong>and</strong> bone stress fractures in<br />

Finnish young men. J Bone Miner Res<br />

2006;21(9):1483-8.<br />

63. Bloom E, Klein EJ, Shushan D,<br />

Feldman KW. Variable presentations <strong>of</strong><br />

rickets in children in the emergency<br />

department. Pediatr Emerg Care<br />

2004;20(2):126-30.<br />

64. Paterson CR. Vitamin D <strong>deficiency</strong> rickets<br />

simulating child abuse. J Pediatr Orthop<br />

1981;1(4):423-5.<br />

65. Lee JJ, Lyne ED. Pathologic fractures<br />

in severely h<strong>and</strong>icapped children <strong>and</strong><br />

young adults. J Pediatr Orthop<br />

1990;10(4):497-500.<br />

66. Erkal MZ, Wilde J, Bilgin Y, et al.<br />

High prevalence <strong>of</strong> <strong>vitamin</strong> D <strong>deficiency</strong>,<br />

secondary hyperparathyroidism <strong>and</strong><br />

generalized bone pain in Turkish<br />

immigrants in Germany: identification <strong>of</strong><br />

risk factors. Osteoporos Int<br />

2006;17(8):1133-40.<br />

67. Holick MF. Vitamin D: importance in the<br />

prevention <strong>of</strong> cancers, type 1 diabetes, heart<br />

disease, <strong>and</strong> osteoporosis. Am J Clin Nutr<br />

2004;79(3):362-71.<br />

68. Gloth FM, Lindsay JM, Zelesnick LB,<br />

Greenough WB. Can <strong>vitamin</strong> D<br />

<strong>deficiency</strong> produce an unusual pain<br />

syndrome? Arch Intern Med<br />

1991;151(8):1662-4.<br />

69. Wilkins CH, Sheline YI, Roe CM, et al.<br />

Vitamin D <strong>deficiency</strong> is associated with low<br />

mood <strong>and</strong> worse cognitive performance in<br />

older adults. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry<br />

2006;14(12):1032-40.<br />

• In a cross-sectional analysis <strong>of</strong> 80 older<br />

adults, active mood disorders were<br />

10-times more frequent in those with<br />

low 25(OH)D levels.<br />

70. Vieth R, Kimball S, Hu A, Walfish PG.<br />

R<strong>and</strong>omized comparison <strong>of</strong> the effects<br />

<strong>of</strong> the <strong>vitamin</strong> D3 adequate intake versus<br />

100 mcg (4000 IU) per day on biochemical<br />

responses <strong>and</strong> the wellbeing <strong>of</strong> patients.<br />

Nutr J 2004;3:8.<br />

71. Holick MF. The <strong>vitamin</strong> D<br />

epidemic <strong>and</strong> its health consequences.<br />

J Nutr 2005;135(11):S2739-48.<br />

72. Houghton LA, Vieth R. The case against<br />

ergocalciferol (<strong>vitamin</strong> D2) as a <strong>vitamin</strong><br />

supplement. Am J Clin Nutr<br />

2006;84:694-7.<br />

73. Trang HM, Cole DE, Rubin LA, et al.<br />

Evidence that <strong>vitamin</strong> D3 increases serum<br />

25-hydroxy<strong>vitamin</strong> D more efficiently than<br />

does <strong>vitamin</strong> D2. Am J Clin Nutr<br />

1998;68(4):854-8.<br />

74. Armas LA, Hollis BW, Heaney RP.<br />

Vitamin D2 is much less effective<br />

than <strong>vitamin</strong> D3 in humans.<br />

J Clin Endocrinol Metab<br />

2004;89(11):5387-91.<br />

75. Grey A, Lucas J, Horne A, et al.<br />

Vitamin D repletion in patients with<br />

primary hyperparathyroidism <strong>and</strong><br />

coexistent <strong>vitamin</strong> D insufficiency.<br />

J Clin Endocrinol Metab<br />

2005;90(4):2122-6.<br />

76. Penniston KL, Tanumihardjo SA.<br />

The acute <strong>and</strong> chronic toxic effects <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>vitamin</strong> A. Am J Clin Nutr<br />

2006;83(2):191-201.<br />

• Review <strong>of</strong> the evidence that <strong>vitamin</strong> A,<br />

in the amount consumed by many in<br />

developed countries, may be causing<br />

widespread, but low-grade toxicity.<br />

Cannell, Hollis, Zasl<strong>of</strong>f & Heaney<br />

77. Rohde CM, Deluca HF. All-trans<br />

retinoic acid antagonizes the action <strong>of</strong><br />

calciferol <strong>and</strong> its active metabolite,<br />

1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, in rats.<br />

J Nutr 2005;135(7):1647-52.<br />

78. Oh K, Willett WC, Wu K, et al.<br />

Calcium <strong>and</strong> <strong>vitamin</strong> D intakes in<br />

relation to risk <strong>of</strong> distal colorectal<br />

adenoma in women. Am J Epidemiol<br />

2007;165(10):1178-86.<br />

79. Vieth R, Cole DE, Hawker GA, et al.<br />

Wintertime <strong>vitamin</strong> D insufficiency is<br />

common in young Canadian women,<br />

<strong>and</strong> their <strong>vitamin</strong> D intake does not<br />

prevent it. Eur J Clin Nutr<br />

2001;55(12):1091-7.<br />

80. Brot C, Vestergaard P, Kolth<strong>of</strong>f N, et al.<br />

Vitamin D status <strong>and</strong> its adequacy in<br />

healthy Danish perimenopausal women:<br />

relationships to dietary intake, sun exposure<br />

<strong>and</strong> serum parathyroid hormone. Br J Nutr<br />

2001;86(Suppl 1):S97-S103.<br />

81. Aloia JF, Talwar SA, Pollack S, Yeh J.<br />

A r<strong>and</strong>omized controlled trial <strong>of</strong> <strong>vitamin</strong> D3<br />

supplementation in African American<br />

women. Arch Intern Med<br />

2005;165:1618-23.<br />

82. Heaney RP, Davies KM, Chen TC, et al.<br />

Human serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol<br />

response to extended oral dosing with<br />

cholecalciferol. Am J Clin Nutr<br />

2003;77(1):204-10.<br />

83. Wortsman J, Matsuoka LY, Chen TC,<br />

et al. Decreased bioavailability <strong>of</strong><br />

<strong>vitamin</strong> D in obesity. Am J Clin Nutr<br />

2000;72(3):690-3.<br />

84. Hollis BW, Wagner CL. Vitamin D<br />

<strong>deficiency</strong> during pregnancy: an ongoing<br />

epidemic. Am J Clin Nutr 2006;84(2):273.<br />

85. O’Loan J, Eyles DW, Kesby J, et al.<br />

Vitamin D <strong>deficiency</strong> during various<br />

stages <strong>of</strong> pregnancy in the rat; its impact<br />

on development <strong>and</strong> behaviour in adult<br />

<strong>of</strong>fspring. Psychoneuroendocrinology<br />

2007;32(3):227-34.<br />

86. Hollis BW, Wagner CL. Assessment <strong>of</strong><br />

dietary <strong>vitamin</strong> D requirements during<br />

pregnancy <strong>and</strong> lactation. Am J Clin Nutr<br />

2004;79(5):717-26.<br />

•• Review <strong>of</strong> literature suggesting that<br />

present recommendations for pregnancy<br />

<strong>and</strong> lactation are entirely inadequate.<br />

87. Hollis BW, Wagner CL.<br />

Vitamin D requirements during<br />

lactation: high-dose maternal<br />

supplementation as therapy to prevent<br />

hypo<strong>vitamin</strong>osis D for both the mother<br />

Expert Opin. Pharmacother. (2008) 9(1) 11

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!