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seasonal nallah flows in close proximity of the pits. When the pit close to the nallah was completely mined out in the year 2005, it was considered to divert part of the water from the nallah to the pit to store surface run off and recharge the local aquifer. However, a peculiar problem was faced in this plan. What would happen if the pit gets filled up to the capacity and water starts overflowing to the adjacent fields? Any such possibility would have resulted in large-scale damage to the adjacent fields and problem for the company. Many options to control the inflow or implementing any other scheme were discussed but a foolproof method could not be arrived at. During the monsoon of 2005, a lot of water flowed through the nallah and the mining team at Rampara stood helplessly high and dry and felt dejected as all the water went to the sea as waste. However, the dejection led to few more brainstorming sessions and ultimately an idea of providing a outflow channel at the extreme end of the pit to carry away excess water from the pit to the same nallah down-stream caught the fancy of the mining team. The option was evaluated several times on various parameters and was found foolproof from all the angles. Excess Water Outflow Channel 418 Once again a scheme was drawn to provide inflow as well outflow channel for the pit, with the outflow channel having the capacity to carry water to the tune of three to four times that of the inflow channel. The scheme was explained to the local villagers and their doubts and apprehensions were clarified. Once everything was settled, 500 m long outflow channel was completed first. Subsequently the inflow channel, in the form of pipe culvert consisting of two nos. of 1 feet dia RCC pipes was constructed to divert the part of nallah water to the designated pit. The entire scheme around Rs. 5 lacs. The scheme is explained in the plan given below. During the recent monsoon, the pit could store around 0.75 million cubic meter of water in just around 20 days. A lot of percolation of the water also took place, recharging the local aquifer. However, the inflow continued and the excess water started flowing back to the nallah, perfectly as per the planned scheme. Once again a perennial water harvesting structure created with practically no recurring expenditure. Once again happy community nearby the mine, free of woes of ground water. Water inflow to the pit
04. Natural Water harvesting at Solaj Mine: The Solaj mine of the company is a very interesting example of natural water harvesting in the active mining pits. At Solaj, almost over 30 m. thick layer of impervious marl underlies the top capping of limestone (two to six meters thick). During the rainy season, once the limestone layer is saturated with water, the marl layer doesn’t allow percolation of the water below. Consequently, the water starts oozing out of the limestone, water logging the fields, damaging the crop and ultimately flowing away in the natural drains. Subsequent to the mining activities of the company at Solaj, the water started flowing from the opened up limestone mining faces into the active pits, eliminating water logging of the adjacent fields. As the pits advanced, both laterally & vertically, more amount of water started accumulating in the pits. The company planned the working in such a fashion that both limestone & marl could be excavated without resorting to any dewatering of the pits. Large amount of water started accumulating in the various pits at Solaj every year. Lateron, the villagers approached the company to allow them to draw water from the pits, using their own diesel pumps. This resulted in better crop yield to the adjacent farmers due to availability of water almost round the year. This year (2006), almost 1.50 million cubic meter of water could be collected in various pits at Solaj. Once again a perennial water harvesting system with no revenue expenditure. The villagers now consider the Solaj mine as less of a mine and more of a reservoir, contributing positive impacts to their lives. B. Water Resources Management by Ambuja Cement Foundation : Ambuja Cement Foundation (ACF), a Non- Government Foundation and community development wing of Gujarat Ambuja Cements Limited, formulates and implements various community development activities. Its mission is “to energize, involve and enable the communities to realize their potential.” It addresses the community land, water, forest and other issues through a large number of interventions such as water resources development including prevention of salinity ingress, watershed management, wasteland and pasture land development, farmer 419 friendly agricultural techniques, health and education needs etc. through various innovative programs managed by well qualified and trained dedicated and committed staff. Amongst all the above programs, water resources development, watershed management and prevention of salinity ingress are accorded highest priority. 01. Recharging BARDA BHANDARA from Singoda river through underground pipe line : Near the company’s port facilities at Muldwarka, there exists a large Bhandara (tidal regulator), meant to store huge quantity of surface run off (capacity 4.67 MCM). However, unfortunately there was no large source of surface run off to this bhandara and the available facility could not be used fully for the desired gains. In the year 2001, ACF evaluated the possibility of bringing in water from the only source available nearby, the river Singoda. But the river was flowing at a distance of 1 km. from the bhandara and apparently no way seemed feasible to connect the river with the bhandara as the area in between was private agricultural lands. One of the possibilities that emerged was to lay an underground pipeline from the riverbank. However, it required digging up of the agricultural land and hence, consent and willingness of the farmers was critical. The detail scheme was formulated and explained to the nearby farmers of four villages, & specially to the ones whose fields would be required to be dug up for laying the pipeline. The perennial and long-term advantages of the scheme were also explained. After deliberating the issue for long, the villagers ultimately agreed for the implementation of the scheme. The 600 meters long underground pipeline of 900 mm dia RCC pipe was laid from the river bank to the bhandara through the private agricultural fields and the line was again covered up with soil to repair the agricultural fields. Simultaneously, a checkdam was made across the river Singoda to enable transfer of water from the river to the bhandara under pressure. The entire work was completed in less than six month’s time at a cost of around Rs. 6 lacs. In the rainy season, the river water filled up the bhandara, like never before. It resulted in collection of around 4.67 MCM million cubic meters of rainwater in the bhandara for the first time in the monsoon of year 2002.
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National Seminar on Rainwater Harve
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once subsoil water starts draining
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The plantation process starts with
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DOLASANE , SANGAMNER RANGE I, SANGA
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Table 1. Present land use of waters
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the determination of specification
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Hydrological Parameters (mm) 140 12
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Drainage Engineering, 129(3): 184-1
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March to July, 2004 in the field si
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mm in 4 lph drip followed by 755.25
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Table 3 : Seasonal water use (mm) i
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pinnata) Aquatic plants are represe
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the base of the trench to assist dr
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SUDS (Sustainable Drainage Systems)
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Figure 3 : Cascade model of constru
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Page 37 and 38: H eff = H R - H aq - H f ……..
Page 39 and 40: • Layers of gravel/media laid hor
Page 41 and 42: National Seminar on Rainwater Harve
Page 43 and 44: 1.3 % annually, and the total energ
Page 45 and 46: Figure 1a. Schematic diagram of sol
Page 47 and 48: Figure 5. Cross-section of partitio
Page 51 and 52: Fig. 1 (a) - (d) : Water Level Soun
Page 53 and 54: farms and industries hope to get ad
Page 57 and 58: Geology of Area The area is a part
Page 59 and 60: ground water recharge, which includ
Page 61 and 62: Table - 3 : Salient features of the
Page 69 and 70: eing 6.08, pH value of AB 3 and AB
Page 71 and 72: Table 2 : Tolerance limit for metal
Page 73 and 74: CASE STUDY The Salem Municipality i
Page 75 and 76: After analyzing the characteristic
Page 77 and 78: 1. Ash Pond water recycling System
Page 79 and 80: Poly Electrolyte Dosing RAIN WATER
Page 81 and 82: Canteen Waste Garbo-drain Bar Scree
Page 83 and 84: SERVICE WATER FOR SPAYING COAL CRUS
Page 85 and 86: In coastal areas of Gujarat, the vi
Page 87: Water diversion Channel The work fo
Page 91 and 92: Work Done Storage No. of Area No. o
Page 93 and 94: Conclusions The process of rainwate
Page 95 and 96: Infact, these are ‘lessons’ tha
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Page 103 and 104: One relatively easy means of storin
Page 105 and 106: Ground Water Conservation Technique
Page 107 and 108: anging from 37-60% of recommended d
Page 109 and 110: given priority before implementatio
Page 111 and 112: was having potential to irrigate 15
Page 113 and 114: water, use of improved seed and bal
Page 115 and 116: the result of the success they have
Page 119 and 120: un off from one hill and conveying
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Page 123 and 124: If the rain precipitation in a vill
Page 125 and 126: echarging , A study of world wide f
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Page 133 and 134: The opinion of the public for the q
Page 135 and 136: in fact the base of energy in Tajik
Page 137 and 138: end of 80’s building of Roghun’
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consumption of oil on 11 times more
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change waterness charge o Vakhsh m
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are following: a) Compound of const
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for subsequent use of water for irr
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years. These beels can also be conv
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ody through water conservation and
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contribute to increased fish produc
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Figure 1 : Map of Bangladesh showin
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end uses and the intentional manage
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INTRODUCTION Indian water sector is
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ut definitely they are not substitu
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having the height greater than 50m
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ain. There is no conducive evidence
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chase food self sufficiency as a go
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REPORTB OF WORLD COMMISION ON DAMS
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