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National Seminar on Rainwater Harvesting and Water Management 11-12 Nov. 2006, Nagpur 75. Innovative and Conventional Rain Water Harvesting Measures: A part of ongoing Integrated Water Resources Management Program by Gujarat Ambuja Cements Limited and Ambuja Cement Foundation Introduction A United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) estimate indicates that by the year 2025 two third of the humanity will face shortage of fresh water. At present one third of the world population is already facing water stress. Another UNEP study states that nearly 40% of world’s population lives near the coastal regions, mostly within 60 kms. from the sea coast and it predicts that by the year 2010, *S. C. Parik **H. R. Mori Abstract Availability of fresh water is decreasing in most of the areas of our country on a perennial basis, despite experiencing fairly good average rainfall. As a result, fresh water has become a precious resource. Rain is the predominant source of all the fresh water and as such rain water harvesting measures provide the easiest and cheapest mode of collecting and conserving the fresh water. A variety of such measures are already known for their effective implementation, suiting to the requirements of any particular area, depending on the average rainfall, geographic location, land use pattern etc. Gujarat Ambuja Cements Limited, Ambujanagar, operating cement plants in coastal belt of Saurashtra region in Gujarat had realized the importance of fresh water more than a decade back and started taking initiatives to harvest rain water since then. A visionary initiative started more than a decade back on a small scale has today assumed the shape of major “Integrated Water Resource Management Program” in the Kodinar and Sutrapada Taluka of Junagadh district. It has yielded appreciable positive results in the form of increased water table, easy availability of quality fresh water, reduction in the salinity, increase of the crop yield etc. Through this paper, an effort has been made to provide a brief overview of the various measures taken by Gujarat Ambuja Cements Limited to innovatively harvest rain water in the mined out pits of its various mining areas. Also, the activities of Ambuja Cement Foundation (NGO), working in the areas surround the mines and plants on a very large scale, pertaining to rain water harvesting for community development and social upliftment have been included. Together, both the above organizations have made the difference and have established an example of how the industry can fulfill its Corporate Social Responsibilities. almost 80% of the world population will within 100 kms. from the seacoast. The rural population in general faces water shortage for agriculture and other allied activities including drinking water. In the coastal regions, this problem gets further compounded because of salinity ingress, characterized by mixing of the fresh water and vertical saline water aquifers. *General Manager (Mines), Gujarat Ambuja Cements Limited, Ambujanagar (Gujarat) **Sr. Programme Manager, Ambuja Cement Foundation, Ambujanagar (Gujarat) 414
In coastal areas of Gujarat, the villages located within 15-20 kms. from the seacoast are suffering severely from the problem of salinity ingress. In Kodinar taluka of Junagadh district (the area under reference), most of the rivulets like Goma, Somat, Sangavadi etc. are seasonal in nature and the water in these rivulets do not last beyond winters. Other water bodies like ponds that get water from these rivers also dries up by the month of October- November. As a result, over the years the problem of water shortage in the region has worsened. Participatory Rural Appraisals carried out confirm that the problem of salinity ingress actually started in the late seventies, basically due to the following reasons: � Over-exploitation of ground water to meet the increasing needs of the growing population. � Breaking up of joint family system into nuclear families has resulted in fragmentation of land, which lead to rampant increase of wells and extensive use of diesel and electrical pumps. � Cultivation of high water intensive crops like sugarcane, banana, betel nut, coconut etc. has resulted in lowering of water table and ingress of saline water into the groundwater. � Inefficient use and wastage of water by farmers. � Mismanagement of ground water due to overirrigation and water loss through high run-off. � Recurrent and worst droughts over the last few years in the region have further worsened situation in aquifers. This phenomenon is having long-term implications for both households and agriculture on which about 60% people are depended for their livelihoods. This has also meant an increased dependence on outside agencies like the state and other civil society organizations for basic needs such as drinking water and food. Since 1980s, conflicts have arisen over access to limited fresh water resources available in this region. With the objectives of contributing for the cause of Rain Water Harvesting in the region and provide the much needed succor to the society surround the mines and plants, Gujarat Ambuja Cements Limited, started formulating and implementing the Rain Water Harvesting Schemes through its community development wing Ambuja 415 Cement Foundation (NGO) since the year 1996. Having realized the success and positive social impact of the above ongoing measures, the company simultaneously formulated innovative schemes to utilize the exhausted mining pits to store rain water for the large scale benefits to the community and farmers surround the plant and mining areas. A. Water Harvesting in mined out pits by Gujarat Ambuja Cements Ltd : The company operates captive mechanized opencast mines to meet the prime raw material (Limestone and Marl) requirements for cement making from the areas adjoining the plants. Subsequent to the mining, wide pits, ranging in depth from 12-15 meters are created. These pits are to be put back in some useful land use form i.e. reclamation. The generally adopted practices are back filling the mined out area, afforestation, development of pastureland, creation of water bodies etc. The company has also implemented these techniques for various areas in suitable area. However, considering the location of the mines in coastal region, the importance of fresh water and rainwater harvesting, more emphasis has been accorded to converting the mined out pits into artificial lakes and reservoirs by diverting the surface run off. Over the years, these efforts have translated in successful harvesting of rainwater. As a matter of fact the quantum of water harvested each year in the mined out pits has been on the rise on a perennial basis. These efforts have been briefly described here, added with suitable schematic/ photographic illustration, wherever possible. 01. Diversion of the plant run off: Some of the mined out pits were located in close vicinity of the two plants of GACL. Taking advantage of the same, it was planned to divert the plant surface run-off, which was hitherto going waste, to one of such pit, way back in the year 1995. To enable the flow of water from plants, a 1000-m. long trench of 4 m width was excavated and connected to the pit. Apart from this, to increase to quantum of water collected, one of the nearby small nallah and the village run-off drain was also modified and connected to the pit. The schematic plan given below indicates the location and the arrangement of the above.
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National Seminar on Rainwater Harve
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once subsoil water starts draining
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The plantation process starts with
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DOLASANE , SANGAMNER RANGE I, SANGA
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Table 1. Present land use of waters
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the determination of specification
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Hydrological Parameters (mm) 140 12
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Drainage Engineering, 129(3): 184-1
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March to July, 2004 in the field si
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mm in 4 lph drip followed by 755.25
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Table 3 : Seasonal water use (mm) i
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pinnata) Aquatic plants are represe
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the base of the trench to assist dr
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SUDS (Sustainable Drainage Systems)
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Page 45 and 46: Figure 1a. Schematic diagram of sol
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Page 57 and 58: Geology of Area The area is a part
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Page 61 and 62: Table - 3 : Salient features of the
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Page 71 and 72: Table 2 : Tolerance limit for metal
Page 73 and 74: CASE STUDY The Salem Municipality i
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Page 93 and 94: Conclusions The process of rainwate
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in fact the base of energy in Tajik
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end of 80’s building of Roghun’
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consumption of oil on 11 times more
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change waterness charge o Vakhsh m
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are following: a) Compound of const
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for subsequent use of water for irr
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years. These beels can also be conv
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ody through water conservation and
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contribute to increased fish produc
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Figure 1 : Map of Bangladesh showin
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end uses and the intentional manage
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INTRODUCTION Indian water sector is
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ut definitely they are not substitu
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having the height greater than 50m
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ain. There is no conducive evidence
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chase food self sufficiency as a go
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REPORTB OF WORLD COMMISION ON DAMS
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