Accepted Papers - 3.pdf - UNESCO

CASE STUDY
The Salem Municipality in Tamilnadu was
upgraded into the Corporation from the year 1994
with an extents over an area of 100 sq.km. The
Salem Corporation is divided into 4 zones with
60 divisions and having the present population of
10 lakhs. The Corporation is supplying drinking
water to the community from Stanley Dam at Mettur
in twice a week. But for domestic, commercial,
industrial and other purpose, public depends upon
subsurface water and thus resulting in fast depletion
of ground water.
Sona group of institutions such as
Thiagarajar Polytechnic College and Sona College
of Technology situated in the heart of city with
sprawling campus of 50 acres. It is well equipped
with all facilities like building, laboratories, sports
complex, swimming pool, hostels, beautiful lawn
and garden. At present, the campus habitated with
about 3000 non-residential students pursuing their
studies. In order to meet their demands of other than
drinking purposes, water is being drawn from open
well and bore wells. Daily a quantum of 75 kld of
water is being drawn from the ground to meet
various demands for kitchen, toilets, maintaining
lawn and gardens. This huge amount of water will
tends to bring down the water table in the ground to
lower the level further and further. Hence our
institution is thought of treating wastewater
discharged from kitchen, bathroom and reuse the
treated water for maintaining lawn and garden.
METHODOLOGY
WASTE WATER TREATMENT
Wastewaters, whether domestic or
industrial have several undesirable components –
organic and inorganic pollutants that are potentially
harmful to the environment and the human health.
The treatment of wastewater and its management
has become a necessity in order to conserve this
vital resource. The main aim of waste water
treatment is removal of contaminants from water
so that the treated water can be reused for beneficial
purposes. The waste water treatment is carried out
in three stages – Primary, Secondary and Tertiary
or Advanced Waste treatment.
(I) PRIMARY TREATMENT
The primary treatment is of general use and
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is used for removing suspended solids, odour, colour
and to neutralize the high or low P H . This stage
exploits the physical or chemical properties of the
contaminants and removes the suspended and
floating matter by screening, sedimentation,
floatation, filtration, precipitation.
(II) SECONDARY TREATMENT
The secondary treatment or biological
process of sewage involving, stabilizing and
rendering harmless very fine suspended matter and
solids of the waste water that remain after the
primary treatment has been done. In biological
treatment, organic matter is stabilized by bacteria
under controlled conditions so that maximum
amount of BOD is reduced in the treatment plant
rather than in the water course. The biological waster
treatment are commonly carried out by activated
sludge system and biological film system.
(III) TERTIARY OR ADVANCED
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Usually the primary and the secondary
treatment sufficient is to meet wastewater effluent
standards. However advanced wastewater treatment
is to be carried out when water after produced from
primary and secondary treatment units is required
to be of higher water quality standards ( in case the
water to be put to some direct reuse ). This includes
the further removal of suspended solids, dissolved
solids, toxic substances, BOD, plant nutrients etc,.
GENERATION OF WASTE WATER
In our Institution, 3000 non-residential
students are pursuing their Diploma and Degree
programmes in Engineering. Daily, a huge amount
of water is drawn from sub-surface and is being
utilized for various purposes such as kitchen,
washing, toilets, lawn and gardening etc,. (except
drinking). The total amount of water is being
supplied to the students community is given below.
3000 students x 25 litres/day = 75000 litres/day (or)
75 kld.
Daily a quantum of 75 kld of water is being
drawn from bore well or open well thus depleting
the ground water very fast. The total quantity of
water consumed is discharged as waste water from
various points. Here it is assumed that, the total
quantity of water supplied is taken as total quantity