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National Seminar on Rainwater Harvesting and Water Management 11-12 Nov. 2006, Nagpur 71. A Simulation Model To Quantify The Impacts Of Rainwater Harvesting In A Catchment * C. Glendenning W. Vervoort Abstract : A framework for examining the hydrological impact of rural community based rainwater harvesting structures at a catchment scale is proposed. In India investment in rainwater harvesting for groundwater recharge is increasing. However literature is extremely limited on the hydrological impacts of rainwater harvesting at a river basin scale. This is important to know because, although rainwater harvesting is a small-scale operation, when implemented across a catchment the impact on downstream flow could be significant. However there is currently no study that has comprehensively quantified the impact of rainwater harvesting on local groundwater and at a catchment scale. This paper therefore proposes a conceptual model using a simple water balance approach to explore groundwater recharge from rainwater harvesting. This will be expanded into a model of a real catchment in future research. Modelling provides a quick way to predict catchment hydrology behaviour, where field studies for the same objective would be data intensive, expensive and take more time. The model divides a catchment into subcatchments and is based on the concept of hydrological response units (HRUs). Within each subcatchment, HRUs are identified on the basis of landuse and soil characteristics. Hydraulic soil properties are determined using pedotransfer functions based on texture classes; runoff is calculated using the USDA-SCS curve number method. For each HRU a lumped water balance is completed on a daily time step for ten years. A daily time step will more accurately represent the process of recharge which is episodic in nature. The water balance for rainwater harvesting structures are calculated assuming no runoff, but with overflow and no irrigation. The recharge and runoff for each HRU is divided by its area within the subcatchment. The values for each HRU are then added to give the total recharge, and runoff estimates for the subcatchment. The final output is streamflow which includes baseflow, runoff reaching the stream and overflow from rainwater harvesting structures. Different scenarios of land use and levels of rainwater harvesting are explored to quantify the hydrological impact on the catchment. Using the conceptual model, a case study of the sustainability and resilience of rainwater harvesting will be demonstrated. � � � Hydrology Research Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, The University of Sydney 396
National Seminar on Rainwater Harvesting and Water Management 11-12 Nov. 2006, Nagpur 72. Physico-Chemical Investigation of Waste Water from Electroplating Industry at Agra and Technologies for Metal Removal and Recovery of Water Introduction Present era of industrialization and development also brings some fall backs, which needs immediate attention to overcome their effects on living beings and the ecosystems. One of these is release of toxic metals bearing industrial effluents which has become a primary challenge for last few decades(Dahiya et al, 2003).These metals can be introduced in to aquatic system through effluent discharges from various industrial operations including mining, chemical manufacture and electroplating (Gupta et al., 2001) and their increased concentration in aqueous environment is capable of causing phytotoxicity, *Monika Singh *Susan Verghese Abstract Industrialization and urbanization have led to discharge of industrial effluents, which in turn pollute the ecosystem. The disposal of effluents has become a serious technoeconomic problem particularly due to rising cost of disposal and growing awareness of pollution hazards. Out of all waste water discharges, effluents from industries such as electroplating, textiles, oil paints etc pose a threat as these waste water are usually dumped into natural water resources like river, lakes and make the same unfit for human, plant and animal consumption as well as for industrial use. The present paper focuses on the waste water management of effluents from electroplating industry which is a great water consumer and as a consequence, one of the biggest producers of liquid effluent. This industry presents one of the most critical industrial waste problems. Paper deals with the analysis of waste water quality from electroplating units of Agra city , by determining parameters such as pH by digital pH meter, BOD by titration method and COD by dichromate reflux method. Heavy metal analysis was done on an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (Perkin- Elmer A. Analyst 100). Analysis was done for a period of one year and highest BOD (118 ppm), COD(424 ppm), certain toxic metals Ni (27 ppm ) and (24 ppm) concentrations clearly indicate towards the seriousness and immediate action towards developing methods for reclaiming metals from plating waste stream. The paper also discusses different membrane technology for recovery of water and different natural and cheap adsorbents for removal of toxic heavy metals. bioconcentration and biomagnification by organisms (Joshi, 2000). In India there are over 50,000 large, medium and small electroplating units mostly scattered in the urban areas (Upadhyay, et al. 1992). Plating waste water contains heavy metal, oil, grease and suspended solids at levels that might be considered hazardous to the environment and could pose risk to public health. Because of the high toxicity and corrosiveness of plating waste streams, plating facilities are required to pretreat waste water prior to discharge in accordance with national pollutant discharge elimination system (NPDES) permits as required by clean water act (CWA). *School of Chemical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, St John’s College, Agra, India 397
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once subsoil water starts draining
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The plantation process starts with
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DOLASANE , SANGAMNER RANGE I, SANGA
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Table 1. Present land use of waters
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the determination of specification
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un off from one hill and conveying
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harvest will certainly solve the wa
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If the rain precipitation in a vill
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echarging , A study of world wide f
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these villages, the people themselv
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improve the quantity and the qualit
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The opinion of the public for the q
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in fact the base of energy in Tajik
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end of 80’s building of Roghun’
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consumption of oil on 11 times more
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change waterness charge o Vakhsh m
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are following: a) Compound of const
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for subsequent use of water for irr
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years. These beels can also be conv
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ody through water conservation and
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contribute to increased fish produc
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Figure 1 : Map of Bangladesh showin
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end uses and the intentional manage
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INTRODUCTION Indian water sector is
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ut definitely they are not substitu
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having the height greater than 50m
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ain. There is no conducive evidence
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chase food self sufficiency as a go
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REPORTB OF WORLD COMMISION ON DAMS
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