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incorporated in a single probe. The probe is provided with a hermetically sealed casing for protection against moisture. The casing also serves as a Faraday cage to make the probe insensitive to external electrical disturbances. It is installed in a monitoring well by suspending it by a steel wire. The probe automatically measures and registers the level, temperature and conductivity of water and stores readings in the internal memory of the data logger. As current drain is very low, the built-in battery has a lifespan of 8 to 10 years. Technical specifications of a typical probe [ 2 ] are given in Table 1. Fig. 2 depicts a typical electronic probe and Fig. 3 its field installation. Advantages of Electronic Probes The electronic probes have the following advantages: • Small diameter, the probes can be installed in small boreholes. • Hermetically sealed casing for protection against moisture and external electrical disturbances. • Accurate measurements for level, temperature and conductivity TABLE 1 : Technical Specifications 380 • Internal battery life 8 - 10 years. • Dynamic compensation for ambient temperature and barometric pressure changes. • Logging function programmed by a software, readings downloadable to a computer. References [1] Global Water Instrumentation (2005). WL-16 Water level logger. Global Water Instrumentation Inc., Gold River, California, USA < www.globalw.com > [2] Eijkelkamp (2006). Divers – minidiver, microdiver, ceradiver and CTD diver, Product Specification Sheet, Eijkelkamp Agrisearch Equipment, Giesbeek, Netherlands. < www.eijelkamp.com > Note : Photographs of the probes from websites / product literature. Disclaimer: No preference to any particular firm by the author. With Table 1, Fig. 1 (a) – (d), Fig. 2, & Fig. 3. Physical dimensions & weight : 18 to 22 mm (dia) x 90 to 183 mm (length), 55 to 150 gm (size and weight varies with model). Pressure sensor, temperature sensor, conductivity sensor, data logger and battery are encapsulated in a hermetically sealed stainless steel/ceramic housing. Power supply : Built-in battery (very low drain), typical life 8 - 10 years. Measuring ranges & accuracies : Water-level (depth) : 10 / 30 / 100 meters, +/- 0.1% of full scale. Temperature : minus 20 to plus 80 deg C, +/- 0.1 deg C. Conductivity : upto 80 mS/cm, +/- 1% of measured value. Data logging : 16,000 to 48,000 measurements, at measurement frequency of 0.5 sec to 99 hours (software programmed).
Fig. 1 (a) – (d) : Water Level Sounding Probes ( a ) (b ) ( c ) ( d ) Fig. 2 : A typical Electronic Probe Fig. 3 : Installation of Electronic Probe in boreholes and in field for automatic measurement and logging of the readings � � � 381
Page 1 and 2: National Seminar on Rainwater Harve
Page 3 and 4: once subsoil water starts draining
Page 5 and 6: The plantation process starts with
Page 7 and 8: DOLASANE , SANGAMNER RANGE I, SANGA
Page 11 and 12: Table 1. Present land use of waters
Page 13 and 14: the determination of specification
Page 15 and 16: Hydrological Parameters (mm) 140 12
Page 17 and 18: Drainage Engineering, 129(3): 184-1
Page 19 and 20: March to July, 2004 in the field si
Page 21 and 22: mm in 4 lph drip followed by 755.25
Page 23 and 24: Table 3 : Seasonal water use (mm) i
Page 27 and 28: pinnata) Aquatic plants are represe
Page 29 and 30: the base of the trench to assist dr
Page 31 and 32: SUDS (Sustainable Drainage Systems)
Page 33 and 34: Figure 3 : Cascade model of constru
Page 37 and 38: H eff = H R - H aq - H f ……..
Page 39 and 40: • Layers of gravel/media laid hor
Page 43 and 44: 1.3 % annually, and the total energ
Page 45 and 46: Figure 1a. Schematic diagram of sol
Page 47 and 48: Figure 5. Cross-section of partitio
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Page 53 and 54: farms and industries hope to get ad
Page 57 and 58: Geology of Area The area is a part
Page 59 and 60: ground water recharge, which includ
Page 61 and 62: Table - 3 : Salient features of the
Page 69 and 70: eing 6.08, pH value of AB 3 and AB
Page 71 and 72: Table 2 : Tolerance limit for metal
Page 73 and 74: CASE STUDY The Salem Municipality i
Page 75 and 76: After analyzing the characteristic
Page 77 and 78: 1. Ash Pond water recycling System
Page 79 and 80: Poly Electrolyte Dosing RAIN WATER
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Page 83 and 84: SERVICE WATER FOR SPAYING COAL CRUS
Page 85 and 86: In coastal areas of Gujarat, the vi
Page 87 and 88: Water diversion Channel The work fo
Page 89 and 90: 04. Natural Water harvesting at Sol
Page 91 and 92: Work Done Storage No. of Area No. o
Page 93 and 94: Conclusions The process of rainwate
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and weathering also control the wat
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One relatively easy means of storin
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Ground Water Conservation Technique
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anging from 37-60% of recommended d
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given priority before implementatio
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was having potential to irrigate 15
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water, use of improved seed and bal
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the result of the success they have
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National Seminar on Rainwater Harve
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un off from one hill and conveying
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harvest will certainly solve the wa
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If the rain precipitation in a vill
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echarging , A study of world wide f
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these villages, the people themselv
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improve the quantity and the qualit
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The opinion of the public for the q
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in fact the base of energy in Tajik
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end of 80’s building of Roghun’
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consumption of oil on 11 times more
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change waterness charge o Vakhsh m
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are following: a) Compound of const
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for subsequent use of water for irr
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years. These beels can also be conv
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ody through water conservation and
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contribute to increased fish produc
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Figure 1 : Map of Bangladesh showin
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end uses and the intentional manage
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INTRODUCTION Indian water sector is
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ut definitely they are not substitu
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having the height greater than 50m
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ain. There is no conducive evidence
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chase food self sufficiency as a go
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REPORTB OF WORLD COMMISION ON DAMS
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Accepted Papers - 3.pdf - UNESCO

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