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Table 3. Probability and recurrence interval of seasonal rainfall during monsoon period at Henwal watershed. No. Year Seasonal Rainfall in P = T = 1/P P (%) rainfall (mm) decreasing order N/(M+1) 1 1988 1000.24 1061.40 0.08 13.00 7.69 2 1989 718.60 1005.50 0.15 6.50 15.38 3 1990 787.00 1000.24 0.23 4.33 23.08 4 1991 698.30 995.40 0.31 3.25 30.77 5 1992 541.70 902.70 0.38 2.60 38.46 6 1993 995.40 866.30 0.46 2.17 46.15 7 1994 866.30 787.00 0.54 1.86 53.85 8 1995 1061.40 718.60 0.62 1.63 61.54 9 1998 1005.50 698.30 0.69 1.44 69.23 10 2000 902.70 664.40 0.77 1.30 76.92 11 2001 367.80 541.70 0.85 1.18 84.62 12 2002 664.40 367.80 0.92 1.08 92.31 The climate balance based on rainfall and evapo-transpiration data showed that there were two excess and two deficit periods (Fig 3). The first excess period was from the 28 th week to 38 th week and second from the 2 nd week to the 8 th week. It is evident from Fig. 3 that crops face moisture stress from 39 th to 1 st standard meteorological week and from 9 th week to 27 th week. The first spell coincided with the sowing of rabi crop and its first critical stage of irrigation. Thus irrigation is required to mitigate moisture stress in this critical period. Rainfall, mm 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Estimation and Analysis of Runoff : On the basis of the daily runoff values for 14 years, estimated by ANN model, the annual runoff and seasonal runoff values were computed for each year and are shown in Table 4. The annual runoff more than 500 mm was observed in 4 years, between 400 mm and 500 mm in 5 years, and less than 400 mm in 4 years. The average annual and seasonal runoff was found to be 431.7 mm and 292.4 mm, respectively. The average seasonal runoff was found to be 70 per cent of annual runoff. The expected runoff and seasonal runoff during the first excess period was 665000 m 3 and for second excess period was 175000 m 3 . 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Probability (%) Fig. 2 : Annual rainfall at different probability levels. 344
Hydrological Parameters (mm) 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Open pan evaporation Rainfall Runoff 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 Standard meteorological week number. Fig. 3 : Climatic balance of Henwal watershed Irrigation Water Requirement The monthly reference evapo-transpiration (ET o ) was estimated by ‘Cropwat’ software. From Table 5, it is evident that the ET o is maximum (4.85 mm/day) in May and minimum (1.37 mm/day) in January. Total reference evapo-transpiration (ETo) for complete year was found to be is about 1098.02 mm. Total crop evapo-transpiration (ET c ) for different crops such as maize, sorghum, small vegetables, barley, potato and pulses was 500 mm, the total irrigation requirement was found to be 189.78 mm. Gross irrigation requirement in summer season (I S ) (March to mid June) was found to be 12.67 mm and in autumn season in September to December (I A ) it was 133 mm. Table 4 : Year-wise annual rainfall, annual runoff and seasonal runoff. Year Annual Seasonal Seasonal Year Annual Seasonal Seasonal runoff runoff runoff as runoff runoff runoff as (mm) (mm) % of annual (mm) (mm) % of annual runoff runoff 1988 550.57 411.08 74.66 1995 536.24 431.9 80.54 1989 440.33 260.19 59.09 1998 654.24 342.73 52.39 1990 510.3 285.6 55.97 2000 473.71 339.29 71.62 1991 343.46 239.14 69.63 2001 112.77 59.00 52.32 1992 254.3 174.34 68.56 2002 481.84 258.37 53.62 1993 397.02 368.53 92.82 1994 425.48 338.93 79.66 Average 431.69 292.43 67.74 345
Page 1 and 2: National Seminar on Rainwater Harve
Page 3 and 4: once subsoil water starts draining
Page 5 and 6: The plantation process starts with
Page 7 and 8: DOLASANE , SANGAMNER RANGE I, SANGA
Page 11 and 12: Table 1. Present land use of waters
Page 13: the determination of specification
Page 17 and 18: Drainage Engineering, 129(3): 184-1
Page 19 and 20: March to July, 2004 in the field si
Page 21 and 22: mm in 4 lph drip followed by 755.25
Page 23 and 24: Table 3 : Seasonal water use (mm) i
Page 27 and 28: pinnata) Aquatic plants are represe
Page 29 and 30: the base of the trench to assist dr
Page 31 and 32: SUDS (Sustainable Drainage Systems)
Page 33 and 34: Figure 3 : Cascade model of constru
Page 37 and 38: H eff = H R - H aq - H f ……..
Page 39 and 40: • Layers of gravel/media laid hor
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Page 45 and 46: Figure 1a. Schematic diagram of sol
Page 47 and 48: Figure 5. Cross-section of partitio
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National Seminar on Rainwater Harve
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eing 6.08, pH value of AB 3 and AB
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Table 2 : Tolerance limit for metal
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CASE STUDY The Salem Municipality i
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After analyzing the characteristic
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1. Ash Pond water recycling System
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Poly Electrolyte Dosing RAIN WATER
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Canteen Waste Garbo-drain Bar Scree
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SERVICE WATER FOR SPAYING COAL CRUS
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In coastal areas of Gujarat, the vi
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Water diversion Channel The work fo
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04. Natural Water harvesting at Sol
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Work Done Storage No. of Area No. o
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Conclusions The process of rainwate
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Infact, these are ‘lessons’ tha
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we get our act together and make wa
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and weathering also control the wat
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One relatively easy means of storin
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Ground Water Conservation Technique
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anging from 37-60% of recommended d
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given priority before implementatio
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was having potential to irrigate 15
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water, use of improved seed and bal
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the result of the success they have
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un off from one hill and conveying
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harvest will certainly solve the wa
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If the rain precipitation in a vill
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echarging , A study of world wide f
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these villages, the people themselv
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improve the quantity and the qualit
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The opinion of the public for the q
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in fact the base of energy in Tajik
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end of 80’s building of Roghun’
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consumption of oil on 11 times more
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change waterness charge o Vakhsh m
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are following: a) Compound of const
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for subsequent use of water for irr
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years. These beels can also be conv
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ody through water conservation and
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contribute to increased fish produc
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Figure 1 : Map of Bangladesh showin
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end uses and the intentional manage
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INTRODUCTION Indian water sector is
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ut definitely they are not substitu
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having the height greater than 50m
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ain. There is no conducive evidence
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chase food self sufficiency as a go
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REPORTB OF WORLD COMMISION ON DAMS
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