Accepted Papers - 3.pdf - UNESCO

through Nurek’s HPS normal account flood with
expenses of 5400 m 3 /sec inevitably lead to
catastrophic sequences. Another example can be
Kayrakum’s hydro – unit which safety and
prediction of flowing regime to it existent raised
due to building on upper flow of river Narin –
Sirdarya’s cascade of HPS.
The 3 – rd level: Changes of technical states,
connected with changes of natural – climatic
conditions. Here it is necessary to put as well as
climate change, change of geological conditions.
Besides changes of natural – climatic condition con
be connected with their irregular estimation or under
– estimation of some factors on stage of project. As
examples underestimation of cars – rising in toil
water of Nurek’s HPS and modern processes of
course formation on GBAO rivers con be given.
The 4 – th level: Changes of technical states,
connected with change of planning and exploitation
norms of hydro – technical constructions. Such
changes are quite normal and determined by
development of science and techniques and also
world experience, gained in process of exploitation
existent hydro – technical constructions. Here, first
of all it is necessary to mention change of common
approach to letting in flood trough constructions.
With standards act at USSR for this purpose had
been taken into account all water – outlets, including
HPS turbines. Now, according to world standards
there are only special water – outflows. It frequently
lead to necessity of full reconstruction hydro – units
and building in them new extra water – outflows.
Now the standards of endurance and dam’s firmness
accounts, including with taking into account seismic
influence, are changed.
The 5 – th level: Changes of technical states,
connected with natural way out of constructions,
shock – absorption main founds. These factors are
well known and detail developed norms of their
account exist. In our case the special interest has
not total way out itself, determining by term of
construction’s service, that good enough is
conditional, but that part of it which can be
liquidated at expense of it major repairs . the
experience shows that real form of constructions
service can be extended due to well – timed repairs.
In power – system of Tajikistan the normal repairs
are not realized during the last 10 year already. Of
course the main reason of it is the hard economical
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statement of water – power complexes.
The 6 – th level: Changes of technical states,
connected with accidental situations. It is undoable
the most dangerous level,. But unfortunately, it is
not possible to avoid it now. It is shown particularly
by all given above examples of accidents. No one
of them is liquidated finally and all these
construction are continued to exploration under the
danger of further development of accidental
situation.
First of all it is connected with instrumental and
natural observation after the constructions. The
system of KNA establishing at building of hydro –
units is not finished, up to now in mend cases
automatized assembly and even initial processing
of statistics are lacking.
The serious technical analyses of them are not
absolutely realized, since such functions were
entrusted on specialized scientific and planning
institutions of other GIS republics, connection with
them has broken now. For adaptation of Tajikistan’s
power – industry to sequences of climate changes
is necessary for account all these levels of influence.
In this case the determining role belongs to
management and organizing forms.
In this connection it is very important the
question of carried out now in power – industry
reforms, connected with transition to marked
economies. Planned according to approvable by
President of Republic of Tajikistan E. Sh. Rahmonov
joint – stock and privatizing program of power –
industry objects increases its competition ability and
efficiency. But at this case it is important not to lose
manageability and as consequence reliability of
functioning.
For this purpose in October 2000 the Ministry
of power – industry was formed in Tajikistan. Its
main objectives are to carry out state policy in area
of power – industry control and management after
all enterprises, interpedently from their form of
property. The low on power – industry was passed
in republic, the low on safety of hydro – technical
construction is in stage of preparation. There are
introduced the system of activity licensing in power
– industry and experting of all projects. The question
of introducing for enterprises declaration on safety
is on agenda.