Accepted Papers - 3.pdf - UNESCO

are following:
a) Compound of constructions. In power – system
of Tajikistan as the mains, most impotents can be
picked out:
• Dams;
• Reservoirs;
• Water – gate and water outflow constructions;
• Channels and tunnels;
• Power – transfer lines of various tentions and
transformations under–stations.
The dams are the most massive, initiative
constructions. They are the simplest on construction
and naturally insert to natural landscape. But from
another side dams have one of the lowest, is not the
lowest coefficient of stocks from all other
existences. For example, for Nurek’s dam 30m
height the stare of its height (increasing of top core
above maximum level of reservoir) makes up only
3m, that is coefficient of its stock is only 1 %. There
are nowhere such examples in technique. It tells of
very high sensibility of dams, doth the smalls, and
the larges to parameters of flow, first of all to their
prognoses and exploitation level.
Reservoirs – these are the constructions with
constant changing parameters. They are constantly
in working regime – filling. The reform their
sensibility to climate change is first of all sensibility
to prognoses of hydrological parameters and
regimes. Besides, regime of alluviums objects large
meaning to their work, their silting.
From the point of sensibility new to climatic
changes both individual parameters of separate
reservoirs and their summary units have meaning.
Water-gate and water-outflow constructions,
channel and tunnels also as reservoirs are sensitive
to change of calculating hydrological parameters
and prognoses. The change of flow is very important
for them/ Their water – letting in ability may be not
enough at its increasing that either leads to
accidental situation or requires extra water –
outflow. Power – transfer lines and transformator
under – stations are sensitive mainly to second
displays of climatic changes – landslide, avalanche,
downpour and other similar phenomena.
b) Parameters of constructions. The main
parameter of constructions, determining degree of
sensibility to climatic changes is their size. From
the most general reasoning it can be established that
at this case there is reserve dependence between
473
size of construction and subjection of them to danger
from climatic changes. It is aggravated also by worse
quality of building work at construction of smaller
stations and less strict control after them.
c) Quantity of objects. Influence of objects
quantities on vulnerability of them in relation to
climatic change is unsynonymous. It is positive
factor for large hydro – units with reservoirs,
because it provides large possibilities for regulation
of river flow. More quantity of them, on the contrary,
for small hydro – units carry to necessity of use
along with the better also worse areas and as
consequence, lead to large danger of arising cascade
accidents.
d) Technical state of construction is one of the
main parameters determining their sensibility to
climatic changes. It is defined first of all by level of
project and building which up to last time were
enough high and the very main by degree of way
out. Namely way out of construction (as shown
above) now is one of the main dangers.
e) Locating of construction. It is completely
obvious, that degree of objects danger to relation
of any negative sequence influence including
climatic will be different at locating their on
mountainous districts and volleys. In mountains
there are more harsh base conditions and more scope
of all climatic parameters vibration.
In all these cases and similarly for all objects of
power – system of concrete climatic influence,
degree of this influence can be arisen in different
kind, different forms and in different levels. As the
mains six such levels can be assigned:
The first level: Changes of technical states,
connected with inevitable, non – managed factors
that change parameters of constructions. Here for
example, silting of large reservoirs suspended and
drown; by river alluviums belongs to silting, as the
rule, has quite significant amounts, it is impossible
to manage it and necessary simply to take into
account at exploitation, accordingly correcting
regime of reservoirs and HPS work.
The second level: Changes of technical states,
connected with technogene factors and house – hold
conditions. HPS as one of the such kind of factor’s
example economy assimilation of tail water of
Nurek’s can be given in result of which water let in
ability of Vakhsh river course in this area reduced
up to 2000 m 3 /sec. In these conditions letting in