Accepted Papers - 3.pdf - UNESCO

• hydropower does not have in structure of its
exploitation expenses fuel
making up in our conditions with account of
transport even now equal to about 2 cent/kWt. h.
Therefore the cost price of hydropower production
equals to only 0,1cent/kWt. h. when on thermal
stations 2,1 – 2,5 cent/kWt. h.;
• the term of hydropower station constructions
service, such as dam, water
overflows, HPS building are essentially more than
TPS constructions;
• specific number of exploitation personal on
HPS also twice – three time
more than in TPS.
For that it is necessary to take into account the
following factors :
Hydropower resources of Tajikistan are used
now on only about 5%. Therefore there is not
absolutely any real danger of their exhausting or
deficit in very for respective and at very
optimistically scenes in development of hydropower
as in republic itself so in all region. It can be said
that practically hydropower resources of Tajikistan
are inexhaustible.
Besides apprehension on intensive melting of
glaziers and sharp on 30% change of their volume
in last quarter of century, apparently is rather
overstatement. We will make a simple account. The
total volume of Tajikistan glaciers ice as know
equals to 456,9 km 3 . At their decreasing on 30%
during 25 years, annual volume of formed after it
water would be equal to :
456,9 × 0,3 : 25 = 5,48 km 3
All this water might river flow, formed in
territory of republic, increasing it in this period on
average about 10%. This is quite serious addition
and it can not be mentioned. But in fact water –
platy off all rivers of Tajikistan for last 25 years has
been on norm limits.
Any hydropower and Tajik’s also in relation to
this is not exception, first forms with per pose of
regulation river flow leveling its natural and
occasional vibrations: in slit of days, season, year
and many years periods. It is in other way we can
say that one of the main conditions at energetic
assimilation of hydro-resources is decreasing
vulnerability of all objects in relation to
changeability of river flow parameters that in its turn,
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of course, are determined by climatic factors.
As an example it can be brought the fact, that all
constructions of hydropower are planned on expense
of water many times increasing their average
meaning. Particularly flood expenses with repeating
once in thousand years for normal and once in ten
thousand years for extreme conditions of
exploitation are takes as account for objects of
higher class of capital to which belongs, for
example, Nurek’s HPS. The large stocks are founded
also in constructive elements of buildings – land,
concrete and metal.
Hydropower has very large stocks in relation
to capacity of their stations and aggregates. For
example, the number of hours on using fixed
capacity of Tajikistan’s power-system equals 3401
hours/year at total number of hours 8760 annual, so
the stock is more than 2,5 times.
At this guaranteed, that is minimum capacity,
on which the whole people’s economy expects, is
also twice – three time less than fixed.
At summary all objects of hydropower differ
with very high reliability on connation to all
influencing factors, including climatic.
It has been shown above that hydropower differs
with high reliability and very small vulnerability
on relation to main climatic factors – expenses of
waters on rivers. But all these at first belong to
safeness, protection from possible accident.
What about exploitation showers (electric,
power production, its distribution on seasons,
regimes of work etc.), here hydropower of Tajikistan
vice versa is very sensitive to climate changes,
displaying – in form of river flow’s water regime. It
is well shown by two last years of 1999 and 2000
when because of low water level in republic a sharp
deficit of electric power was observed.
Such situation is not expected. It connects with
the fact that formation of Tajikistan’s hydropower
does not yet finish. It is not able to realize many
year regulation of flow with its parameters. For this
it is not enough the total capacity of reservoirs.
Summary volume of all reservoirs in Tajikistan
makes up only 14,4 km 3 at general river flow,
forming in republic of 61,8 km 3 and flowing about
80 km 3 . For many year regulations volume of
reservoirs should be as minimum equal to half of
this size, it is 30 – 40 km 2 .And has hydropower of
republic has the such task. For its decision in the