Accepted Papers - 3.pdf - UNESCO

in fact the base of energy in Tajikistan both now and
in visible perspective will be hydropower. More that
it is quite probable that on Tajik hydro – resources
the neighboring countries will orientate in future. And
apparently this export potential will be already in next
future claimed in region. Already now the volume of
hydropower export – import of Tajikistan makes up
3,5 – 5,0 bln. kWt. h./year.
Even with account of coal, the total found out
stocks of mineral fuel in region, on which based the
energetic of all other republics beside Tajikistan are
rather restricted – in general about 8,45 bln. t.
specific fuel (s. f.) including in Tajikistan – 0,5 bln.
t. s. f. Therefore at the level of power resources
consumption, proper in 1990 to 2,6 t. s. f./year pro
person and restrained growing of population number
providing of region with mineral fuel equals to 60
years. Taking into account expected economical
growth and also that all given estimation ware done
15-20 year ago; in fact this term can reduce to 30
and less years.
Thus, even in average all regions are provided
with mineral fuel only in tern almost comparable
with term of building large hydro unit type of
Nurek’s. What about Tajikistan so for it even
theoretically the stocks of or necessary needs of the
state?
Tajikistan owns very insignificant stocks of oil
and gas as absolute size so in comparison with
another republic of Central Asia. The stocks of coal
in republic are quite significant, but they are located
mainly in small not necessary areas for building
large thermo stations and transportation network is
not developed.
Besides, the use of coal requires the large
outstripped expenses for exploring and organizing
of fields. All these prove very restricted
opportunities of industrial use of coal.
Less possibilities of industrial use of non –
traditional renewable sources of energy are in
Tajikistan.
Wind – power is quite expensive, the small in
capacity wind – installations require estrangement
of large areas (about 100 m 2 for capacity of 1 kWt),
and the large installations emerge serious ecological
problems. Besides, all of them are very complex in
exploitation. In result of it even in the countries
where it initially got spreading, interest to wind –
power decreased gradually.
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Tajikistan is located in more favorable zone in relation
to solar energy, between 37 th and 41 st degrees of
northern latitude and fully comes into so called, world
solar belt (45 0 n. l. – 45 0 s. l.). Theoretically at 100
% use of solar energy, from 1 m 2 area about 1700
kWt. h./year can be obtained. That is essentially
more than it is used in everyday life pro person.
But technology of direct convert energy into
electrical current is nowadays still very difficult and
expensive. Therefore even in high developed
industrial countries it is used on too districted scales.
Thus, in Tajikistan now to consider solar energy as
reliable source for receiving energy in industrial
scale is not real. Its use possible and expedient only
for obtaining low – potential thermo – energy which
use in everyday life.
Atomic energy on purely technical plan could
have in Central Asian and in Tajikistan good
perspective, but really in next future its development
is problematical. First of all it is connected with
high schismatic of region and high cost, their energy
significantly high even energy of thermal stations,
holing to say about hydraulic. And finally the
building of atomic station in any republic, all the
more so in Tajikistan requires agreements with
neighboring countries, not only with the closes, but
also with the fares that in nowadays condition it is
hardly possible.
Even less perspectives of industrial use of bio
– energy in Tajikistan.
Tajikistan possesses large, simply unique stocks
of hydropower resources. The republic is in the
eighth place in the world with its total stock – 527
bln.
kWt. h. after China, Russia, USA, Brazil, Zaire,
India and Canada. What about specific showers, so
on hydropower potential per capita (87,8 th. kWt.
h./year/person) it is in the first – second place and
with potential stock of hydropower per one square
kilometer of territory (3682,7 th. kWt. h./year/km 2 )
the first place in the world much for outstripping
the followings after it countries.
Thus not only the republic itself but all regions
as a whole will e forced increasingly to orientate on
hydropower of Tajikistan in visible perspective.
It is necessary to mention that such structure of
hydropower based on hydropower resources besides
all others it is more economical effective.
It is determined by following: