Accepted Papers - 3.pdf - UNESCO

un off from one hill and conveying to other hill by
crossing the valley between the two. An estimated
yield of 173000 cubic meter of water is obtained
from this source. This single example is sufficient
to prove the Indian wisdom in hydraulic faculty.
Water thus brought and collected in a water tank
inside the moat of size 20 m x 10 m x 200 m length
section is separated from the body of the moat by
rock cut diaphragms left deliberately uncut while
excavating the moat section. From this tank water
was supplied to the neighboring guesthouse
complex. Bullock operated arrangements locally
known as ‘Moat’ was provided to lift the water from
the tank in moat. The lifted water then conveyed to
the palace complex.
Peoples Participation-Phad System of Irrigation
The community managed Phad irrigation
system is prevalent in northwest Maharashtra i.e.
part of Dhule and Nasik districts. Each independent
Phad system comprises of a diversion weir, a canal
on the bank and distributaries for irrigation. The
technique of construction of weirs and diverting the
river water for irrigation were developed form the
dynast Morya’s period (300 BC). The average
rainfall in this area is 674 mm. Most of them receive
in between June to September. The land is fertile.
Surface irrigation is boon for this area. A Weir/
Bandhara may supplies water to more than one
village. The right to water has been fixed by
tradition, which is strictly adhering to. Phad
irrigation system can be set a good example of
equitable distribution of available water and its
proper management. At few places the Fad irrigation
system is still in existence. Fad irrigation is unique.
King or Ruler supported the capital costs for
construction of weirs. The distribution network is
to be prepared by the irrigators. The maintenance
works were the collective responsibility of the
irrigators. And they had performed in such a way
that the system runs years to gather. The wisdom in
the management is very attractive. All the
stakeholders in the irrigation limits are the members
of the organization. Their elected punch- committee
(Executive body) is to discharge day to day working.
There is annual gathering of all the members on the
eve of first day of Hindu calendar year. The
members of the committee are honorary workers,
to executive the duties they were assisted by
449
irrigation staff which includes.
1. Havaldar- Vigilant officer and responsible for
maintenance of the system. Observation of rotation
and distribution of water are his prime concerns.
Generally he is an outsider and paid in cash.
2. Patakari- Working on canal distribution
3. Barekari- In charge of rotation and crop
patterns.
The miraculous Kazana well
Beed is a district head quarter, situated in
Maharashtra state of India. The city is situated in
the scanty rainfall zone. The average rainfall in this
region is about 750mm. The rain is irregular. In such
a situation Kazana well was constructed to supply
water for irrigation. This well is situated on the bank
of the Bindusara River. It is 5 Km. away from the
Beed City.
The details of the well are given in the table below
Year of construction 1572
Material of construction
Diameter inside up to
Coursed rubble
masonry in lime mortar
5m depth from the top
Diameter inside form 5m
19.7meter
to 8depth from the top 13.0meter
Diameter outside 20.6 meter
There are three underground tunnels inside
the well. All the three tunnels are at the same level.
The length of the southeast tunnel is not known.
Only 5.40meter length is seen, the rest of it is filled
with earth. Water does not come from this side. The
southwest tunnel is having length 540meter as per
Government record. This tunnel is constructed
below the riverbed and joins the Kazana well. The
water flowing in the river recharges the ground
water and saturates the subsurface layers. The tunnel
is passing through these saturated layers. The water
in these layers enters the tunnel through the holes
provided on the walls of the tunnels. The water
collected in the tunnel, then flows towards the well
due to gravity. This much water is sufficient to
irrigate 212 ha of lands with traditional flow
irrigation methods, which is miraculous and unique
of its kind. An irrigation tunnel 2.42 Km long is
provided on the north side of the well. Since 1572,