Accepted Papers - 3.pdf - UNESCO

given priority before implementation of program.
� Community Organization-
According to the government previous policy,
decision making process was in the hands of official
hierarchy of the authorities with top-down strategy.
Paradigm shift from top-down to bottom-up
community interactive process is an appropriate
approach, as this results in real participation of the
beneficiary in the development process and desirable
goals of food security and self sufficiency are
achieved. Hence, for effective participation of
farmers, awareness campaign among farmers was
created and they were motivated to come forward
to understand the concept of participation by our
team of experts. All beneficiaries were made
members by contributing Rs 50/= as membership
fee and they were allowed to choose leader
democratically to form executive body i.e President,
Secretary, Volunteers, Community organizers. The
association was then registered with registrar
Societies as “Jalagam sangh” or Watershed
Association. The user group of Sanio and Deadg
were formed under leadership of Mr Partap
Chauhan and Mr Ashok kumar.
� Capacity Building-
Once the teams or groups are formed it becomes
important that team efforts are sustained and team
spirit is maintained, hence for successful team work
they needed training to acquire knowledge and skills
w.r.t. Management, Leadership, Communication,
Mutual trust and Power to take decisions etc.
(Wani,2002). The members of association were
given training on management , social and technical
aspects.
� Planning and execution of Project
activities-For Planning and execution of project
activities agro-ecosystem analysis, PRA and priority
analysis was carried out.
• Agro-ecosystem analysis-
Agro-ecosystem analysis is a method of finding out
problems and solutions related to socio-economic
improvements. Agriculture problems are
systematic in nature and are linked with each other
due to varying agro-ecological and socio-economic
conditions. The concept of agro-ecosystem analysis
initiated by Conway (1985) involves a minimum set
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of assumptions acceptable to all the disciplines of
rural and agriculture development. The behavior of
agro ecosystem is characterized by four properties
i.e Productivity , Stability, Sustainability and
equitability.
• Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) and
Surveys-
After the capacity building phase the members
of Watershed association conducted series of
Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) exercises
separately for each village to gather first hand
information. Then information was confirmed by
bench mark survey of individual village w.r.t Natural
resources, Land use, Cropping pattern, Input use,
Human resource, Animal resource, Socio-economic
status of the families.
The Sanio village has the following information
w.r.t different resources.
(a) The land use data revealed that out of total 150
ha effective area,52 ha is culturable area and 40 ha
is being cultivated presently. The irrigation facility is
restricted to only 19 ha area. Main crops grown are
Potato , Pea and Garlic. These are the main cash
crops grown in watershed and their cultivation is
restricted only to irrigated area.
(b) The village Sanio has total 57 families and out
of these 23 belong to Schedule caste. The femalemale
ratio of watershed is 0.91, where as the literacy
percent of the watershed is 98.3 The data on input
use of watershed indicates that the input use is below
fifty percent of recommendations.
(c) The majority of the families(51) in the village
are having agriculture as main occupation, where as
service and business class constitute only 10.5