"Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!" - unam.
"Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!" - unam. "Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!" - unam.
Many years later, when I was first at Caltech, there was a party at Professor Bacher's house, and there were a lot of people from Caltech. I don't know how it came up, but I was telling them this story about smelling the bottles and the books. They didn't believe a word, naturally, because they always thought I was a faker. I had to demonstrate it. We carefully took eight or nine books off the shelf without touching them directly with our hands, and then I went out. Three different people touched three different books: they picked one up, opened it, closed it, and put it back. Then I came back, and smelled everybody's hands, and smelled all the books I don't remember which I did first and found all three books correctly; I got one person wrong. They still didn't believe me; they thought it was some sort of magic trick. They kept trying to figure out how I did it. There's a famous trick of this kind, where you have a confederate in the group who gives you signals as to what it is, and they were trying to figure out who the confederate was. Since then I've often thought that it would be a good card trick to take a deck of cards and tell someone to pick a card and put it back, while you're in the other room. You say, "Now I'm going to tell you which card it is, because I'm a bloodhound: I'm going to smell all these cards and tell you which card you picked." Of course, with that kind of patter, people wouldn't believe for a minute that that's what you were actually doing! People's hands smell very different that's why dogs can identify people; you have to try it! All hands have a sort of moist smell, and a person who smokes has a very different smell on his hands from a person who doesn't; ladies often have different kinds of perfumes, and so on. If somebody happened to have some coins in his pocket and happened to be handling them, you can smell that. Los Alamos from Below* *Adapted from a talk given in the First Annual Santa Barbara Lectures on Science and Society at the University of California at Santa Barbara in 1975. "Los Alamos from Below" was one of nine lectures in a series published as Reminiscences of Los Alamos, 19431945, edited by L. Badash et al., pp. 105132. Copyright © 1980 by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland. When I say "Los Alamos from below," I mean that. Although in my field at the present time I'm a slightly famous man, at that time I was not anybody famous at all. I didn't even have a degree when I started to work with the Manhattan Project. Many of the other people who tell you about Los Alamos people in higher echelons worried about some big decisions. I worried about no big decisions. I was always flittering about underneath. I was working in my room at Princeton one day when Bob Wilson came in and said that he had been funded to do a job that was a secret, and he wasn't supposed to tell anybody, but he was going to tell me because he knew that as soon as I knew what he was going to do, I'd see that I had to go along with it. So he told me about the problem of separating different isotopes of uranium to ultimately make a bomb. He had a process for separating the isotopes of uranium (different from the one which was ultimately used)
that he wanted to try to develop. He told me about it, and he said, "There's a meeting. . ." I said I didn't want to do it. He said, "All right, there's a meeting at three o'clock. I'll see you there." I said, "It's all right that you told me the secret because I'm not going to tell anybody, but I'm not going to do it." So I went back to work on my thesis for about three minutes. Then I began to pace the floor and think about this thing. The Germans had Hitler and the possibility of developing an atomic bomb was obvious, and the possibility that they would develop it before we did was very much of a fright. So I decided to go to the meeting at three o'clock. By four o'clock I already had a desk in a room and was trying to calculate whether this particular method was limited by the total amount of current that you get in an ion beam, and so on. I won't go into the details. But I had a desk, and I had paper, and I was working as hard as I could and as fast as I could, so the fellas who were building the apparatus could do the experiment right there. It was like those moving pictures where you see a piece of equipment go bruuuuup, bruuuuup, bruuuuup. Every time I'd look up, the thing was getting bigger. What was happening, of course, was that all the boys had decided to work on this and to stop their research in science. All science stopped during the war except the little bit that was done at Los Alamos. And that was not much science; it was mostly engineering. . All the equipment from different research projects was being put together to make the new apparatus to do the experiment to try to separate the isotopes of uranium. I stopped my own work for the same reason, though I did take a sixweek vacation after a while and finished writing my thesis. And I did get my degree just before I got to Los Alamos so I wasn't quite as far down the scale as I led you to believe. One of the first interesting experiences I had in this project at Princeton was meeting great men. I had never met very many great men before. But there was an evaluation committee that had to try to help us along, and help us ultimately decide which way we were going to separate the uranium. This committee had men like Compton and Tolman and Smyth and Urey and Rabi and Oppenheimer on it. I would sit in because I understood the theory of how our process of separating isotopes worked, and so they'd ask me questions and talk about it. In these discussions one man would make a point. Then Compton, for example, would explain a different point of view. He would say it should be this way, and he was perfectly right. Another guy would say, well, maybe, but there's this other possibility we have to consider against it. So everybody is disagreeing, all around the table. I am surprised and disturbed that Compton doesn't repeat and emphasize his point. Finally, at the end, Tolman, who's the chairman, would say, "Well, having heard all these arguments, I guess it's true that Compton's argument is the best of all, and now we have to go ahead." It was such a shock to me to see that a committee of men could present a whole lot of ideas, each one thinking of a new facet, while remembering what the other fella said, so that, at the end, the decision is made as to which idea was the best summing it all up without having to say it three times. These were very great men indeed. It was ultimately decided that this project was not to be the one they were going to use to separate uranium. We were told then that we were going to stop, because in Los Alamos, New Mexico, they would be starting the project that would actually make the
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that he wanted to try to develop. He told me about it, and he said, "There's a meeting. . ."<br />
I said I didn't want to do it.<br />
He said, "All right, there's a meeting at three o'clock. I'll see you there."<br />
I said, "It's all right that you told me the secret because I'm not going to tell<br />
anybody, but I'm not going to do it."<br />
So I went back to work on my thesis for about three minutes. Then I began to<br />
pace the floor and think about this thing. The Germans had Hitler and the possibility of<br />
developing an atomic bomb was obvious, and the possibility that they would develop it<br />
before we did was very much of a fright. So I decided to go to the meeting at three<br />
o'clock.<br />
By four o'clock I already had a desk in a room and was trying to calculate whether<br />
this particular method was limited by the total amount of current that you get in an ion<br />
beam, and so on. I won't go into the details. But I had a desk, and I had paper, and I was<br />
working as hard as I could and as fast as I could, so the fellas who were building the<br />
apparatus could do the experiment right there.<br />
It was like those moving pictures where you see a piece of equipment go<br />
bruuuuup, bruuuuup, bruuuuup. Every time I'd look up, the thing was getting bigger.<br />
What was happening, of course, was that all the boys had decided to work on this and to<br />
stop their research in science. All science stopped during the war except the little bit that<br />
was done at Los Alamos. And that was not much science; it was mostly engineering. .<br />
All the equipment from different research projects was being put together to make<br />
the new apparatus to do the experiment to try to separate the isotopes of uranium. I<br />
stopped my own work for the same reason, though I did take a sixweek vacation after a<br />
while and finished writing my thesis. And I did get my degree just before I got to Los<br />
Alamos so I wasn't quite as far down the scale as I led you to believe.<br />
One of the first interesting experiences I had in this project at Princeton was<br />
meeting great men. I had never met very many great men before. But there was an<br />
evaluation committee that had to try to help us along, and help us ultimately decide which<br />
way we were going to separate the uranium. This committee had men like Compton and<br />
Tolman and Smyth and Urey and Rabi and Oppenheimer on it. I would sit in because I<br />
understood the theory of how our process of separating isotopes worked, and so they'd<br />
ask me questions and talk about it. In these discussions one man would make a point.<br />
Then Compton, for example, would explain a different point of view. He would say it<br />
should be this way, and he was perfectly right. Another guy would say, well, maybe, but<br />
there's this other possibility we have to consider against it.<br />
So everybody is disagreeing, all around the table. I am surprised and disturbed<br />
that Compton doesn't repeat and emphasize his point. Finally, at the end, Tolman, who's<br />
the chairman, would say, "Well, having heard all these arguments, I guess it's true that<br />
Compton's argument is the best of all, and now we have to go ahead."<br />
It was such a shock to me to see that a committee of men could present a whole<br />
lot of ideas, each one thinking of a new facet, while remembering what the other fella<br />
said, so that, at the end, the decision is made as to which idea was the best summing it<br />
all up without having to say it three times. These were very great men indeed.<br />
It was ultimately decided that this project was not to be the one they were going to<br />
use to separate uranium. We were told then that we were going to stop, because in Los<br />
Alamos, New Mexico, they would be starting the project that would actually make the