Dr. Michael Murray The IMMUNE FA CTOR - Natural MediFAQS

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may contribute significantly to the faster healing of acute lesions, reduction of relapses, and prevention of initial infections. Some companies claim echinacea angustifolia is better than E. purpurea. Is this claim true? Not likely. E. purpurea, especially that used for Echinamide products, contains higher levels of three key ingredients: cichoric acid, alkylamides, and polysaccharides with immune enhancing properties. 2,38 Based upon currently available information, it appears that the best choice of echinacea is the above ground portion of E. purpurea. Many companies claim their products are standardized for “total phenolic compounds” or echinacoside. Is this valid? Q and A No. In fact, although these sort of echinacea extracts were found to have some antioxidant properties, recent studies have found them to have no effect on enhancing immune function in experimental animal studies. 1 Standardizing an echinacea preparation for these compounds alone does not mean it is an active product. It just highlights the importance of standardizing preparations for the three classes of active compounds responsible for the main immune enhancing effects— polysaccharides, cichoric acid, and alkylamides. Again, Echinamide is the only commercially available product that accomplishes this goal. 79
References References 1 Rininger JA, Kickner S, Chigurupati P, et al.: Immunopharmacological activity of echinacea preparations following simulated digestion on murine macrophages and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Leukoc Biol 2000;68:503-10. 2 Bauer R: Standardization of echinacea purpurea expressed juice with reference to cichoric acid and alkamides. J Herbs Spices Medicinal Plants 1999;6:51-61. 3 Perry NB, van Klink JW, Burgess EJ, Parmenter GA: Alkamide levels in echinacea purpurea: effects of processing, drying and storage. Planta Med 2000;66:54-6. 4 Kim HO, Durance TD, Scaman CH, Kitts DD: Retention of alkamides in dried echinacea purpurea. J Agric Food Chem 2000;48:4182-92. 5 Luettig B, Steinmuller C, Gifford GE, et al.: Macrophage activation by the polysaccharide arabinogalactan isolated from plant cell cultures of echinacea purpurea. J Nat Cancer Inst 1989;81:669-75. 6 Vomel V: Influence of a non-specific immune stimulant on phagocytosis of erythrocytes and ink by the reticuloendothelial system of isolated perfused rat livers of different ages. Arzneim Forsch 1984;34:691-5. 7 Bauer R, Jurcic K, Puhlmann J, Wagner H: Immunological in vivo and in vitro examinations of echinacea extracts. Arzneim Forsch 1988;38:276-81. 8 Burger RA, Torres AR, Warren RP, et al.: Echinacea-induced cytokine production by human macrophages. Int J Immunopharmacol 1997;19:371-9. 9 Goel, V, Chang C, Slama JV, et al.: Dose related effects of echinacea on macrophage stimulation in lungs and in spleens of normal rats. In press. 10 Bauer R and Wagner H: Echinacea species as potential immunostimulatory drugs. Econ Med Plant Res 1991;5:253-321. 11 Wagner V, Proksch A, Riess-Maurer I, et al.: Immunostimulating polysaccha rides (heteroglycans) of higher plants. Arzneim Forsch 1985;35:1069-75. 12 Stimpel M: Proksch A, Wagner H, Lohmann-Matthes ML: Macrophage activation and induction of macrophage cytotoxicity by purified polysaccharide fractions from the plant echinacea purpurea. Infection Immunity 1984;46:845-9. 81
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$9.95 Canada $7.95 U.S. This new bo
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Overview This book highlights the d
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This book is dedicated to the life-
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About the Author About the Author M
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INTRODUCTION The Herbal Renaissance
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how Natural Factors’ science and
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CHAPTER 1 A Vision of the Future A
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The Infection Equation A Vision of
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A Vision of the Future During the l
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T H E I M M U N E F A C T O R other
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T H E I M M U N E F A C T O R In fa
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Dr. Michael Murray The IMMUNE FA CTOR - Natural MediFAQS

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