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If we say I’ll work on this tomorrow we may be stating an intention.<br />

If we say I’ll be working on this tomorrow, we are simply referring to future time.<br />

3. We use the future progressive like the present progressive for planned actions:<br />

We’ll be spending the winter in Australia is the same as:<br />

We’re spending the winter in Australia.<br />

<strong>The</strong> future perfect simple and the future perfect progressive tenses<br />

1. We often use the future perfect simple with by and not … till/until to show that an<br />

action will already be completed by a certain time in the future.<br />

We use if wit verbs which point to completion, like complete, finish and retire:<br />

I will have retired by the year 2020. I won’t have retired till the year 2020.<br />

2. We often use the future perfect progressive with verbs like learn, lie, live, rain, sit,<br />

wait and work which naturally suggest continuity to say that what is in progress now will<br />

be in progress in the future:<br />

By this time next week, I will have been working on this book for a year.<br />

I. ‘Going to’ and other ways of expressing the future<br />

Uses of the ‘going to’ –future compared with ‘will’<br />

<strong>The</strong>re are three basic uses of the ‘going to’ –future:<br />

1. Predictions: We often use going to to predict the future, especially when we can see<br />

something that is about to happen: Look out! She’s going to faint. (Not *will*)<br />

Or we can describe something which we know will take place in the future:<br />

Angus and Margaret are going to be married in May<br />

2. Intentions: We often use going to rather than will in informal style:<br />

I’m going to practice the piano for two hours this evening.<br />

I’m going to be successful one day.<br />

3. Planned actions: We use going to like the present progressive or future progressive:<br />

We’re going to spend the winter in Australia.<br />

Or: We’re spending the winter in Australia.<br />

Or: We’ll be spending the winter in Australia.<br />

4. We use will when we decide to do something at the moment of speaking:<br />

We’re lost. I’ll stop and ask the way. (= I’ve just decided to do this.)<br />

‘am/is/are to’, ‘be about to’, ‘be due to’<br />

1. We use to be to for:<br />

- formal arrangements/duties: OPEC representatives are to meet in Geneva in May.<br />

- formal appointments/instructions: <strong>The</strong>re tablets are to be taken twice a day.<br />

- prohibitions: You’re not to tell him anything about our plans.<br />

2. to be about to refers to the immediate future:<br />

Look! <strong>The</strong> race is just about to start.<br />

3. We often use to be due to to refer to timetables:<br />

<strong>The</strong> plane is due to land at 2.15.<br />

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