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E. Adverbs of degree<br />

<strong>The</strong> two meanings of ‘quite’<br />

1. Quite, fairly and rather are common adverbs of degree. <strong>The</strong>y can make the word they<br />

modify weaker or stronger and their effect depends on stress and intonation. If we say:<br />

<strong>The</strong> film is quite/good! and our voice ‘goes up’, this means ‘I enjoyed it on the whole’.<br />

<strong>The</strong> film is quite/good. and our voice ‘goes down’, this means ‘I didn’t really enjoy it’.<br />

We can put quite in front of ordinary adjectives (quite good), adverbs (quite slowly), and<br />

a few verbs (I quite enjoy). Regardless of stress, the meaning is ‘less than’.<br />

2. We can also use quite with ‘absolute’ adjectives (dead, empty and full), and with ‘strong’<br />

adjectives like amazing and wonderful. <strong>The</strong>n it means ‘completely’. <strong>The</strong> voice ‘goes up’.<br />

<strong>The</strong> man was quite dead! <strong>The</strong> bucket is quite full! <strong>The</strong> film was quite wonderful!<br />

‘Fairly’<br />

Fairly often goes with ‘ good’ adjectives and adverbs and adverbs (good, nice, well, etc.). It<br />

is generally ‘less complimentary’ then quite. We do not use ‘enough’ to mean quite or fairly.<br />

What’s Yoko’s English like? – It’s quite good, (‘complimentary’) Not *enough good*<br />

What’s Yoko’s English like? – It’s fairly good. (‘less complimentary’) Not *enough good*<br />

We can’t use fairly with some ‘absolute’ adjectives: Not *fairly wonderful*<br />

‘Rather’<br />

Rather is stronger than quite and fairly and suggests ‘inclined to be’.<br />

It often goes with ‘bad’ adjectives (bad, poor, awful, unpleasant, etc.).<br />

When it goes with ‘good’ adjectives (good, nice, tasty, etc.) it often means ‘surprisingly’:<br />

This ice-cream is rather good. (perhaps I didn’t expect it to be)<br />

‘Much’, ‘any’, ‘far’ and ‘a lot’ as adverbs of degree<br />

1. We can use much and far with comparatives and superlatives to say ‘to what degree’:<br />

Jane is much better today. London is far bigger than Edinburgh.<br />

This Indian cookery book is by far the best. London is much the biggest city in Britain.<br />

2. We can use a lot and any with comparatives: It’s a lot bigger. Is it any better?<br />

3. Not much and not any go with a few adjectives: This battery isn’t much good/any good.<br />

4. We can use not much and (not) a lot with verbs such as like and enjoy:<br />

I don’t much like fish. I don’t like fish (very) much. I (don’t) like fish a lot.<br />

5. We often use much and far with prefer and would rather:<br />

I much prefer tea to coffee. I’d for rather have tea then coffee.<br />

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