Structured Query Language (SQL) - Cultural View of Technology
Structured Query Language (SQL) - Cultural View of Technology
Structured Query Language (SQL) - Cultural View of Technology
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Call Level Interface 17<br />
Call Level Interface<br />
The Call Level Interface (CLI) is a s<strong>of</strong>tware standard defined in ISO/IEC 9075-3:2003. The Call Level Interface<br />
defines how a program should send <strong>SQL</strong> queries to the database management system (DBMS) and how the returned<br />
recordsets should be handled by the application in a consistent way. Developed in the early 1990s, the API was<br />
defined only for the C and COBOL programming languages.<br />
The interface is part <strong>of</strong> what The Open Group refers to as the Common Application Environment, which is intended<br />
to be a wide standard for programming open applications, i.e. applications from different programming teams and<br />
different vendors that can interoperate in an efficient manner. <strong>SQL</strong>/CLI provides an international standard<br />
implementation-independent CLI to access <strong>SQL</strong> databases. Client-server tools can easily access databases through<br />
Dynamic-link libraries (DLL). It supports and encourages a rich set <strong>of</strong> client-server tools.<br />
The most widespread use <strong>of</strong> the CLI standard is the basis <strong>of</strong> the ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) specification,<br />
which is widely used to allow applications to transparently access database systems from different vendors. The<br />
current version <strong>of</strong> the API, ODBC 3.52, incorporates features from both the ISO and X/Open standards (see below).<br />
History<br />
The work with the Call Level Interface began in a subcommittee <strong>of</strong> the US-based <strong>SQL</strong> Access Group. In 1992, it<br />
was initially published and marketed as Micros<strong>of</strong>t's ODBC API. The CLI specification was submitted as to the ISO<br />
and ANSI standards committees in 1993; the standard has the book number ISBN 1-85912-081-4 and the internal<br />
document number is C451.<br />
ISO <strong>SQL</strong>/CLI is an addendum to 1992 <strong>SQL</strong> standard (<strong>SQL</strong>-92). It was completed as ISO standard ISO/IEC<br />
9075-3:1995 Information technology -- Database languages -- <strong>SQL</strong> -- Part 3: Call-Level Interface (<strong>SQL</strong>/CLI). The<br />
current <strong>SQL</strong>/CLI effort is adding support for <strong>SQL</strong>3.<br />
In the fourth quarter <strong>of</strong> 1994, control over the standard was transferred to the X/Open Company, which significantly<br />
expanded and updated it. The X/Open CLI interface is a superset <strong>of</strong> the ISO <strong>SQL</strong> CLI.<br />
This article was originally based on material from the Free On-line Dictionary <strong>of</strong> Computing, which is licensed<br />
under the GFDL.<br />
External links<br />
• Online definition <strong>of</strong> CLI [1] at The Open Group webpage<br />
References<br />
[1] http://www.opengroup.org/products/publications/catalog/c451.htm
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