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Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol: 21, Supplement: 2, 2011 - www.psikofarmakoloji.org<br />
Poster Presentations<br />
laboratory analyses of investigation were conducted in Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, at the University of Yuzuncu Yil.<br />
Results: We found that SOD and GSH-Px blood activities of patients were significantly lower, and ADA activities of patients were higher<br />
than the healthy controls. All of the activities were not significantly different between respiratory and nocturnal subtypes. There were<br />
no significant relationships between the duration of illness and Panic-Agoraphobia (PAS) scores of patients with nocturnal subtypes.<br />
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) scores of the patients with nocturnal subtype<br />
were significantly higher than the patients without nocturnal subtype. When examining the correlations between these variables and<br />
enzyme levels, there was only a positive correlation between duration of disease and serum activities of GSH-Px.<br />
Conclusion: In conclusion, SOD and GSH-Px ADA activities of the patients with PD are different from healthy subjects. Our results suggest<br />
that oxidative and inflammatory processes may play role in pathophysiology of PD. These findings may support the idea that both<br />
nocturnal and respiratory subtypes of PD have different symptom clusters of the same disease.<br />
Key words: Panic disorder, subtypes, oxidative stress<br />
Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2011;21(Suppl. 2):188-9<br />
[PP-109] Ref. No: 106<br />
The neural and cognitive effects of Bacopa Monniera: An fMRI study<br />
Chris Neale 1 , Andrew Scholey 1 , Matthew Hughes 1 , Patrick Johnston 2<br />
1 Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre (BPsyC), Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia<br />
2 Department of Psychology, University of York, York, England<br />
E-mail: chrisneale@swin.edu.au<br />
Objectives: Bacopa Monniera is an ayurvedic herbal medicine used in Indian medicine as a memory tonic. Animal models have shown<br />
that it is an antioxidant (1), a memory enhancer (2), and an antidepressant (3). Human trials have had variable results, but spatial memory,<br />
attention, and information processing tasks seem to be affected by Bacopa.<br />
Given the improvements shown the RVIP task as a result of a 12 week Bacopa intervention, an fMRI methodology was employed to see<br />
how Bacopa affects the brain during this task. The improved performance in these tasks suggests Bacopa may modulate task specific brain<br />
regions. This investigation looks at the effects of Bacopa on the BOLD signal in the RVIP task over a 90 day intervention.<br />
Method: The study utilized a double blind, placebo controlled, crossover design where all participants completed a 90 day course of<br />
both Bacopa (300mg daily) and placebo during the study. The participants were aged between 40 and 65 years and in good health.<br />
Interventions were separated by a 120 day washout period. Scans were undertaken on a 3T Siemens TRIO magnet before and after each<br />
90 day intervention where participants would complete two runs of the task per scan visit.<br />
The RVIP task is a block design which requires participants to respond when they see three odd or even numbers in a stream of numbers<br />
presented at 100/minute. The control block requires a response when a zero is seen in the stream of numbers. Blocks last for 1 minute and<br />
are repeated 3 times per condition in each of two experimental runs per scan.<br />
Results: Data collection is ongoing at present. Baseline data show a bilateral increase in BOLD activation in the precentral gyrus and<br />
precuneus with activation extending to the left inferior frontal gyrus (n=7, p=.005) when compared with control using a task greater than<br />
baseline mask. Behavioural data suggest fewer ‘hits’ in the active task compared to control task.<br />
Conclusions: The methodology of the study sets a gold standard for clinical trials using nutraceuticals and fMRI. Given the ongoing nature<br />
of the study, conclusions are merely speculative at this point. However, the task looks to be a sensitive reflection of sustained attention.<br />
We anticipate that the 90 day intervention of Bacopa will affect the BOLD signal in these particular regions of interest.<br />
Key words: Bacopa monniera, fMRI, nutraceuticals, human cognition<br />
References:<br />
1. Bhattacharya et al (2000) Antioxidant Activity of Bacopa Monniera in Rat Frontal Cortex, Striatum and Hippocampus. Phytotherapy Research, 14, 174 – 179<br />
2. Hota et al (2009) Bacopa monniera leaf extract ameliorates hypobaric hypoxia induced spatial memory impairment. Neurobiology of Disease, 34 (1) 23-39<br />
3. Sairam et al (2001) Prophylactic and curative effects of Bacopa monniera in gastric ulcer models. Phytomedicine, 8 (6) 423-430<br />
Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2011;21(Suppl. 2):S189<br />
S189