SYMPOSIA

Poster Presentations
patients, and psycho-social factors. Nevertheless, there exists an accumulation of knowledge regarding factors, which influence functional
remission. Insight levels of patients influence their level of functionality, while causing problems in treatment adherence and social
adaptation. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors which influence schizophrenia patients’ levels of insight and functional
remission.
Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 70 outpatients between the ages of 18-65, who applied to the Karadeniz Technical
University, Psychiatry Clinic and were diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM-IV, were evaluated. The patients who reported they
agree to take part in the study by signing the consent form were included in the study. The patients who had a history of traumatic brain
injury and/or any disease which affects the central nervous system, whose Clinical Global Impression (CGI) disease severity low score was
above four, who were taken as inpatients to the hospital in the last two months or whose treatment was changed were excluded from
the study. The patients were evaluated by using respectively socio-demographic data collection form, clinical interview structured for
DSM (SCID-I), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Calgary Depression Scale (CDS), the Functional Remission of General
Schizophrenia Scale (FROGS), Schedule for Assessing the Three Components of Insight (SAI-E), and cognitive test battery.
Results: Insight levels of the patients determined through the SAI-E, were found to be highly correlated with the PANSS positive, negative,
and general psychopathology, Stroop Test, Controlled Word Association Test (FAS), and Trail Making Test A-B scores. In the regression
analysis, PANSS total score, Stroop Test, and FAS scores were the predictors of insight.The FROGS functional levels of patients were found
to be related with occupational status, sex, age of onset of illness, comorbid psychiatric illness, PANSS positive, negative, and general
psychopathology, CDS, SAI-E, FAS, Trail Making Test, Stroop Test, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. In the regression analysis, occupational
status, comorbid obsessive compulsive disorder, PANNS negative and general psychopathology, and FAS scores were the predictors of
patients functional status.
Conclusion: Although insight levels of patients are basically related to cognitive functions, it has been reported in previous studies that
clinical symptoms can cause changes in the levels of insight depending on the course of the disease. The relationship between insight
and depression can vary depending on the severity of the depression, patients’ defense mechanisms, and internalized stigma levels. The
effects of clinical symptoms of schizophrenia, levels of cognitive function, and levels of insight and employment status on the patients’
functionality levels are prominent.
Key words: Schizophrenia, functional remission, insight, cognitive functions
Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2011;21(Suppl. 2):S187-8
[PP-108] Ref. No: 205
Comparison of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and adenosine
deaminase activities between respiratory and nocturnal subtypes of patients with panic disorder
Osman Özdemir 1 , Yavuz Selvi 1 , Halil Özkol 2 , Yasin Tülüce 2 , Lutfullah Beşiroğlu 1
1 Department of Psychiatry,Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
2 Department of Medical Biology, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
E-mail: drosmanozdemir@yahoo.com
Background: Panic Disorder (PD) is a heterogeneous disease and panic attacks are divided according to the different symptom clusters as
respiratory, nocturnal, nonfearful, cognitive, and vestibular subtypes. Oxidative stress (OS) is produced by free radicals which are named as
reactive oxygen species (ROS). They can be evaluated indirectly by measurement of some antioxidant enzyme levels such as superoxide
dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), or glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). PD is known to be associated with a high frequency of comorbid
immunological and increased expression of T lymphocytes compared to controls. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) has been accepted as an
important enzyme in the maturation and function of T lymphocytes. The aetiology of panic disorder is yet to be fully understood. There
is mounting evidence indicating that ROS may have an important role in the pathogenesis of PD.
Objective: In the present study we aimed to compare SOD, GSH-Px, and ADA activities in panic disorder patients with/without nocturnal,
respiratory subytypes, and healthy subjects. Thus to evaluate the effects of OS and inflammatory process on pathogenesis of PD and to
determine biological parameters in the subtypes of PD.
Methods: The study comprised of 60 patients with PD and 30 healthy control subjects. Panic Attack Symptom Checklist (PASC), Panic and
Agoraphobia Scale (PAS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) were administered to the
patients. A nocturnal panic attack is defined as an abrupt waking from sleep in a state of panic attack. The respiratory subtype is four of the
following five symptom criteria during an individual’s most recent severe panic attack: Feeling of choking or smothering sensations; shortness
of breath; chest pain or discomfort; numbness or tingling sensations; and fear of dying. The nonrespiratory subtype is operationalized as that
which does not meet the mentioned symptom criteria. The biochemical analyses were made after all the blood samples were collected. The
S188 Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol: 21, Supplement: 2, 2011 - www.psikofarmakoloji.org