SYMPOSIA
SYMPOSIA
SYMPOSIA
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Poster Presentations<br />
behavior by experiencing anticipatory anxiety for further attacks. According to the DSM-IV-TR, panic disorders are divided into two types:<br />
with and without agoraphobia. Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder in which there are repeated attacks of intense fear and anxiety, and<br />
a fear of being in places where escape might be difficult, or where help might not be available, and it results in obvious avoidance of<br />
feared places and situations. Panic attack is characterized by intense anxiety that occurs unexpectedly and spontaneously, accompanied<br />
by somatic and cognitive symptoms. A marked deterioration can be observed in patients’ functions, particularly due to the anticipatory<br />
anxiety and avoidance behaviors (1,2). The cognitive rationale of panic disorder is linked to a catastrophic interpretation of bodily<br />
sensations. Negative and anxiety-related processes of thought such as heart attack, cerebral hemorrhage, and loss of control are effective<br />
in the origin of panic attacks due to a catastrophic interpretation (3). The objective of our study was to identify clinical characteristics<br />
involved in the onset and maintenance of this disorder in patients who presented to a training and research hospital.<br />
Method: The study included 101 consecutive patients with panic disorder who presented to the clinics at the Bakirköy Hospital for<br />
Mental and Neurological Disorders, met the inclusion criteria, volunteered to participate in the study, and provided informed consent.<br />
The diagnosis was made by two psychiatrists, who were not involved in the study. The diagnosis was confirmed using the Structured<br />
Clinical Interview Form for the DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I). The patients filled in a sociodemographic form, which examined clinical<br />
characteristics of the disease in detail, including the identifiable life events triggering the disease and the environmental conditions where<br />
the attacks developed, taking the SCID-I clinical interview guide into consideration.<br />
Results: The mean age of participants was 36.73 ± 9.42 years (min: 19, max: 58 years). The mean age of onset was 29.94 ± 9.17 years,<br />
and the mean duration of disease was 6.73 ± 7.65 years. The sociodemographic characteristics of the participants are outlined in Table 1.<br />
Distribution of the complaints listed in accordance with the DSM-IV-TR panic disorder criteria by their incidence is provided in Table 2 (only<br />
the first 3 criteria among the DSM-IV-TR panic disorder criteria were included in the assessments). The clinical characteristics of patients<br />
specific to panic disorder are shown in Table 3.<br />
Discussion: Understanding the clinical characteristics specific to panic disorder, which have a significant impact on the functioning<br />
of a person due to escape, avoidance, and safety seeking behaviors as a result of a catastrophic interpretation of bodily sensations, is<br />
important in conceptualization and therapeutic interventions of the disorder.<br />
In the present study, the population was not well reflected in terms of gender as participants were consecutively enrolled from the clinics<br />
of a training and research hospital. It was a single-center study, and Axis I and II comorbidities were not evaluated. We believe that further<br />
studies eliminating such limitations would be beneficial.<br />
Key words: Panic disorder, panic symptoms, avoiding behavior<br />
Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2011;21(Suppl. 2):S121-2<br />
[PP-003] Ref. No: 141<br />
Effect of calcium in treatment of premenstrual syndrome<br />
Mandana Zafari, Azar Aghamohammadi<br />
Department of Midwifery Group, Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Sari, Iran<br />
E-mail: mandanazafari@iausari.ac.ir<br />
Purpose: The occurrence of menses is a natural and biological event, which is experienced by half of the human race for about 30 years of<br />
life. This natural phenomenon is often surrounded by vagary, delusions, and negative views, and for some women menses means disorder,<br />
wound or mental and physical impurity. This feeling is matched with premenstrual stress and its destructive complications overshadow<br />
the lives of these women. This syndrome as an unsolvable problem lasting during a significant portion of human life and causes family<br />
problems, misbehaviour with children, problems at work, or absences from work. All of these consequences have caused the public media<br />
to pay much attention to this syndrome in recent years. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of calcium in the treatment<br />
of premenstrual syndrome.<br />
Method: This study was done using a semi-experimental method, among all of medical students at the Medical School of Mazandaran,<br />
who filled in the questionnaire to diagnose this syndrome (Rosignol Bonlender Questionnaire) during a period of 3 months. This<br />
questionnaire included demographic information, entrance and omission criteria, check paper, and a symptom list of Rosignol Bolender.<br />
A total of 200 girls who suffered from the moderate or severe form of this syndrome were selected randomly and divided in two groups.<br />
The first group (100 girls) took 100 mg /day of calcium for 7 days at the end of their cycle and the second group (100 girls) took placebo<br />
for 7 days at the end of their cycle. The duration of the treatment was 3 months. After the treatment, the severity of physical and mental<br />
symptoms was compared. Also the comparison after the intervention was done in two groups.<br />
Results: Based on the independent sample test, these two groups were homogeneous with respect to age (p = 0.233, based on<br />
independent sample test ), education level (p = 0.328, based on x2 tests , length of menstrual cycle (p = 0.245), based on independent<br />
S122 Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Vol: 21, Supplement: 2, 2011 - www.psikofarmakoloji.org