view - Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health

More documents

Recommendations

Info

CHAPTER 1.2 of a stallion stored for 24h at either 5°C or 20°C gave an identical pregnancy outcome, however, all motility parameters tested decreased significantly more when stored at 20°C in comparison with storage at 5°C (Varner et al., 1989). Storage using a synthetic extender like HGLL-BSA, is preferably done at 15°C under aerobic conditions (Magistrini et al., 1992), which was confirmed by Battelier et al. (1997) for HGLL-NPPC. Semen preserved in HGLL-NPPC at 15°C under aerobic conditions showed a markedly better motility compared to storage at 4°C under anaerobic conditions. In a more recent study (Chanavat et al., 2005), semen storage at 15°C in INRA96 resulted in lower in vitro quality, whereas fertility in vivo was the same as compared to storage at 4°C. When using EquiPro as defined extender, no difference was present for semen stored under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, nor at 15°C nor at 5°C. The latter temperature, however, resulted in a better motility for samples stored up to 3 or 4 days when no antibiotics were added to the extender (Price et al., 2008). 38 The storage of equine semen at 15°C in INRA96 under aerobic atmosphere did not only result in an excellent motility in vitro, it also yielded good in vivo fertility results, even after long term storage (72h) at this temperature. In fact, it was better when compared to storage at 4°C in INRA82 (Battelier et al., 1998). 1.2.3. Transport of semen As described above, the ideal temperature for preserving equine semen might differ depending on the type of extender used. Semen is generally best preserved at 4-5°C in anaerobic conditions using any extender, mainly skimmed milk extenders, except when using INRA96, storage at 15°C in aerobic conditions is preferable. A wide variety of passive cooling devices, for cooling and storage to 4-5°C, is available. These devices have variable cooling rates since the cooling process slows down as the internal temperature is reduced (Brinsko et al., 2000b). The Equitainer I and II are the best known passive cooling devices for gradual slow cooling and transport of equine semen. A first version of the Equitainer, made by Douglas-Hamilton et al. (1984), was highly successful in obtaining a slow cooling curve leading to a plateau at a constant temperature of 5°C. Furthermore, the Equitainer is extremely durable and designed for reuse. However, the initial cost of the shipping container and the inevitable charges for return shipping, are the major disadvantages of this device. Other systems, which are disposable and cheaper, are available as well (Fig. 11). All of these systems fail under extreme temperatures in keeping the samples at 4-5°C, however, most of them provide an adequate protection when the container is kept at 22°C. A higher ambient temperature might influence the core temperature of the sample, nevertheless, in vitro semen characteristics are not affected in most systems. Lower temperatures might be more cumbersome, especially if they are
CHAPTER 1.2 extreme or last for a long time. So far, the Equitainer remains the most suited cooler available (Katila et al., 1997; Malmgren, 1998; Brinsko et al., 2000b). Fig. 11. Passive cooling and transport containers for equine semen; (A) the Equitainer I which is able to cool and maintain semen up to 70h and provides protection against x-rays and (B) a disposable neopor semen shipper from Minitüb. The use of INRA96 at 15°C to enhance fertility (in “poor cooling” stallions) poses problems due to the lack of appropriate passive cooling devices which can cool to 15°C and maintain this temperature for a longer time (Batellier et al., 2001). However, in Europe, companies are specialized in transporting equine semen by car. It should be possible to equip these cars with portable semen storage units which are frequently used for storage and transport of porcine semen. These devices can be preset to the desired temperature and run on the car’s battery. Alternatively, the Max Semen Express (Agrofarma, Brazil) could perhaps be used as a passive cooling device since that box was reported to maintain temperature around 16°C (Melo et al., 2006). The use of one frozen ice brick and one ice brick at room temperature in an Equitainer has also been proposed to maintain semen at 15°C (Clulow et al., 2008). 39
Page 1 and 2: AUTOMATED AND STANDARDIZED ANALYSIS
Page 3: AUTOMATED AND STANDARDIZED ANALYSIS
Page 7 and 8: A Area AI Artificial Insemination A
Page 9 and 10: PREFACE The first recorded case of
Page 11: GENERAL INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1 3
Page 15 and 16: 1.1.1. Introduction CHAPTER 1.1 The
Page 17 and 18: 1.1.4. Concentration CHAPTER 1.1 Ac
Page 19 and 20: Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorter C
Page 21 and 22: CHAPTER 1.1 preparation (D, µm) is
Page 23 and 24: CHAPTER 1.1 These chambers are freq
Page 25 and 26: CHAPTER 1.1 it is not possible to o
Page 27 and 28: CHAPTER 1.1 overview of common abno
Page 29 and 30: CHAPTER 1.1 head, (B5) pyriform hea
Page 31 and 32: CHAPTER 1.1 The acrosome can be eva
Page 33 and 34: CHAPTER 1.1 The sperm chromatin str
Page 35: Collection and processing of equine
Page 38 and 39: CHAPTER 1.2 30 (a) Colorado State U
Page 40 and 41: CHAPTER 1.2 can be induced pharmaco
Page 42 and 43: CHAPTER 1.2 centrifugation time and
Page 44 and 45: CHAPTER 1.2 36 → Colloid centrifu
Page 48 and 49: CHAPTER 1.2 1.2.4. Cryopreservation
Page 50 and 51: CHAPTER 1.2 0.5 mL straws, and glyc
Page 52 and 53: CHAPTER 1.2 determined if the final
Page 54 and 55: CHAPTER 1.2 46 Chemically defined e
Page 56 and 57: CHAPTER 1.2 48 Cryopreservation - t
Page 59 and 60: 1.3.1. Standards for equine AI dose
Page 61 and 62: CHAPTER 1.3 The use of density grad
Page 63 and 64: CHAPTER 1 Avery B., Greve T. 1995.
Page 65 and 66: CHAPTER 1 Cheng F.-P., Fazeli A., V
Page 67 and 68: CHAPTER 1 Flipse R.J., Patton S., A
Page 69 and 70: CHAPTER 1 Kuisma P., Andersson M.,
Page 71 and 72: CHAPTER 1 Medeiros A.S.L., Gomes G.
Page 73 and 74: CHAPTER 1 Pickett B.W. 1993. Collec
Page 75 and 76: CHAPTER 1 Taberner E., Morató R.,
Page 77: CHAPTER 1 Waite J.A., Love C.C., Br
Page 81: CHAPTER 2 As evidenced in the gener
Page 85: 3.1 Influence of technical settings
Page 88 and 89: CHAPTER 3.1 a CEROS (Hamilton-Thorn
Page 90 and 91: CHAPTER 3.1 Progressive Motility CA
Page 92 and 93: CHAPTER 3.1 than at least they shou
Page 95 and 96: 3.2.1. Abstract CHAPTER 3.2 Sperm m
Page 97 and 98:
CHAPTER 3.2 depth but not the chamb
Page 99 and 100:
3.2.3.3. The different chambers and
Page 101 and 102:
CHAPTER 3.2 Finally, Pearson coeffi
Page 103 and 104:
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 drop f
Page 105 and 106:
ISAS20rM Makler10r WHO 120 120 120
Page 107 and 108:
60 PM Rapid 50 40 30 20 10 0 CHAPTE
Page 109 and 110:
Table 5. Averages (± standard erro
Page 111 and 112:
CHAPTER 3.2 sperm (tail) which coul
Page 113 and 114:
CHAPTER 3.2 Hoogewijs M.K., Govaere
Page 115:
CHAPTER 3.2 Spizziri B.E., Fox M.H.
Page 119 and 120:
3.3.1. Abstract CHAPTER 3.3 Routine
Page 121 and 122:
CHAPTER 3.3 morphological abnormali
Page 123 and 124:
CHAPTER 3.3 The extended semen was
Page 125 and 126:
CHAPTER 3.3 Table 1: Average values
Page 127 and 128:
Repeatability Agreement SQA-Ve PM (
Page 129:
References CHAPTER 3.3 Arunvipas P.
Page 133 and 134:
3.4.1. Abstract CHAPTER 3.4 In this
Page 135 and 136:
CHAPTER 3.4 therefore in these expe
Page 137 and 138:
CHAPTER 3.4 The averages obtained a
Page 139 and 140:
3.4.4.2. Experiment 2 CHAPTER 3.4 F
Page 141:
References CHAPTER 3.4 Arunvipas P.
Page 145:
4.1 Influence of different centrifu
Page 148 and 149:
CHAPTER 4.1 4.1.2. Introduction 140
Page 150 and 151:
CHAPTER 4.1 142 4.1.3.3. Semen proc
Page 152 and 153:
CHAPTER 4.1 144 In the experiment 3
Page 154 and 155:
CHAPTER 4.1 centrifugation (T1) and
Page 156 and 157:
CHAPTER 4.1 (non CP vs CP) was sign
Page 158 and 159:
35 B 80 A 33 beat cross frequency (
Page 160 and 161:
CHAPTER 4.1 152 4.1.4.2. EXPERIMENT
Page 162 and 163:
CHAPTER 4.1 Love and coworkers (200
Page 164 and 165:
CHAPTER 4.1 Love C.C., Brinsko S.P.
Page 167 and 168:
4.2.1. Abstract CHAPTER 4.2 The inc
Page 169 and 170:
4.2.3. Materials and methods 4.2.3.
Page 171 and 172:
CHAPTER 4.2 For the SLC group, 15 m
Page 173 and 174:
CHAPTER 4.2 adding 600 µL of AO st
Page 175 and 176:
4.2.3. Results 4.2.3.1. Sperm quali
Page 177 and 178:
CHAPTER 4.2 The aforementioned “T
Page 179 and 180:
CHAPTER 4.2 Sperm yields markedly d
Page 181 and 182:
References CHAPTER 4.2 Barth A.D.,
Page 183:
CHAPTER 4.2 Waite J.A., Love C.C.,
Page 187 and 188:
CHAPTER 5 This thesis originated fr
Page 189 and 190:
CHAPTER 5.1 Fig. 1. Schematic prese
Page 191 and 192:
CHAPTER 5.1 higher than the current
Page 193 and 194:
CHAPTER 5.1 al., 2007) showing a cl
Page 195 and 196:
CHAPTER 5.1 treatment strategy for
Page 197 and 198:
CHAPTER 5.2 supernatant allowing sp
Page 199 and 200:
CHAPTER 5.2 such keeping the pellet
Page 201 and 202:
CHAPTER 5.2 components of the semin
Page 203 and 204:
Final reflections 5.4 Actual change
Page 205 and 206:
CHAPTER 5 Dillon R.H., Fauci L.J.,
Page 207:
CHAPTER 5 Suárez S.S., Osman R.A.
Page 210 and 211:
SUMMARY technique that enables proc
Page 212 and 213:
SUMMARY from stallions previously c
Page 214 and 215:
SAMENVATTING beweeglijkheid (Hoofds
Page 216 and 217:
SAMENVATTING de spermacellen gesele
Page 219 and 220:
DANKWOORD Het obligatoire dankwoord
Page 221:
DANKWOORD dankzij jou en ze zijn er
Page 225:
CURRICULUM VITAE Maarten Hoogewijs
Page 228 and 229:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Govaere J., Ducatelle
Page 230 and 231:
BIBLIOGRAPHY ABSTRACTS AND PROCEEDI
Page 233 and 234:
FUNDAMENTAL ASPECTS OF CRYOPRESERVA
Page 235 and 236:
ADDENDUM I presence of these CPAs a
Page 237 and 238:
ADDENDUM I Fig. 3. Theoretical curv
Page 239 and 240:
ADDENDUM II DETAILED LOADING TECHNI
Page 241:
In m’n hoofd is alles heel eenvou
show all

view - Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?