Report - DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi

ailways and civil aviation. Also emissions from national fishing and off-road
vehicles contribute significantly to the NOx emission. For non-industrial
combustion plants, the main sources are combustion of gas oil, natural gas
and wood in residential plants. The emissions from energy industries have
decreased by 72 % from 1985 to 2010. In the same period, the total emission
decreased by 53 %. The reduction is due to the increasing use of catalyst cars
and installation of low-NOx burners and denitrifying units in power plants
and district heating plants.
Figure 2.3 NOX emissions. Distribution according to the main sectors (2010) and time series for 1990 to 2010.
2.2.3 Ammonia (NH3)
Almost all atmospheric emissions of ammonia (NH3) result from agricultural
activities. Only a minor fraction originates from road transport (1.9 %) and
stationary combustion (0.3 %). The share for road transport was increasing
during the 1990’ties and early 2000s due to increasing use of catalyst cars. In
more recent years the share has been decreasing due to more advanced catalysts
being implemented. The major part of the emission from agriculture
stems from livestock manure (85 %) and the largest losses of ammonia occur
during the handling of the manure in stables and in field application. Other
contributions come from use of mineral fertilisers (5 %), N-excretion on pasture
range and paddock (3 %), sewage sludge used as fertiliser, crops and
ammonia used for straw treatment (8 %) and field burning (less than 1 %).
The total ammonia emission decreased by 36 % from 1985 to 2010. This is due
to the active national environmental policy efforts over the past twenty years.
Due to the action plans for the aquatic environment and the Ammonia Action
Plan, a series of measures to prevent loss of nitrogen in agricultural production
has been initiated. The measures have included demands for improved
utilisation of nitrogen in livestock manure, a ban against field application
of livestock manure in winter, prohibition of broadspreading of manure,
requirements for establishment of catch crops, regulation of the number
of livestock pr hectare and a ceiling for the supply of nitrogen to crops.
As a result, despite an increase in the production of pigs and poultry, the
ammonia emission has been reduced considerably.
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