Report - DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi

Ã
The last three sources that were considered are all presented in mass emission
per mass burned. For the calculation of these emission factors to a unit
that matches the activity data, the building masses are estimated using the
same methodology as Hansen (2000) and stated in Table 7.19 for 2010.
ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃ
Ã
Ã
ÃÃÃ Ã
ÃÃÃÃÃ Ã
ÃÃÃ Ã
ÃÃÃ Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã
Emission factors for particulate matter are available from the EMEP/EEA
Guidebook (EEA, 2009) (hereafter the Guidebook), EIIP (2001), Claire (1999)
and NAEI (2009), giving four emission factors that vary from 0.14-51.4 kg
PM per full scale fire of a detached house. The best reliable source in this
case is believed to be the Guidebook which states both the PM10 and the
PM2.5 to be equal to the TSP. There is however the quite questionable relationship
between the different building types that is claimed by the Guidebook.
Comparing with the average floor areas shown in Table 7.18 and 7.19,
it seems illogical that a fire in a detached house will cause more than twice
the emission of a fire in an undetached house. That a full scale fire in an
apartment building is expected to cause less than a third of the emission of
that in a detached house, and that a large fire in an industrial building
should cause less than a fifth of the emission from a detached house, even
keeping in mind an expected difference in the composition of the interior.
The Guidebook is the only found source of emission factors for the heavy
metals arsenic, cadmium, cobber, chrome, lead and mercury, no emission
factors were found for Ni, Se and Zn.
For the emission factor of dioxins and furans there are three sources. Hansen
(2000) and UNEP toolkit provides data that are very similar with 50-1000
and 400 g per Mg respectively. In addition the Guidebook gives an emission
factor of 0.0014 mg per fire. Hansen (2000) is chosen as the best reliable
source with an average of 475 g per Mg, translating to 3.05 mg per fire for
full scale detached house fires.
NAEI (2009) is the only source that provides data for PAHs, and that gives
an emission factor for NMVOC. The total PAH emission factor sums the
emissions of: benzo(b)flouranthene, benzo(k)flouranthene, benzo(a)pyrene,
indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene and benzo(ghi)perylene.
Being that Persson et al. (1998) and Blomqvist et al. (2002) are the only
sources to a SO2 emission factor, Blomqvist et al. (2002) is the best available
source as this provides a more recent and more detailed method.
Emission factors for NOx and CO are provided by several sources EIIP
(2001), Persson et al. (1998), Blomqvist et al. (2002), Claire (1999) and NAEI
(2009). In the case of both compounds there is a good compliance between
the emission factors provided by EIIP (2001), Claire (1999) and NAEI (2009).
And in both cases the more recent factors of NAEI (2009) are selected.
No data was available for HCB and PCB. NH3 is assumed not to be emitted.