Report - DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi

For the current submission Denmark has not estimated emissions of air pollutants
from waste-water handling. The EMEP/EEA Guidebook contains a
default NMVOC emission factor for latrines and waste-water handling,
however due to limited resources it has not been possible to estimate the
emissions.
8BTUF JODJOFSBUJPO
Incineration of municipal, industrial and clinical waste take place with energy
recovery, therefore the emissions are included in the relevant subsectors
under NFR sector 1A. For documentation please refer to Chapter 3.2.
Flaring off-shore and in refineries are included under NFR sector 1B2c, for
documentation please refer to Chapter 3.4. No flaring in chemical industry
occurs in Denmark.
)VNBO DSFNBUJPO
The incineration of human bodies is a common practice that is performed on
an increasing part of the yearly deceased. All Danish incineration facilities
use optimised and controlled combustions, with temperatures reaching 800-
850 °C, secondary combustion chambers, controlled combustion air flow and
regulations for coffin materials.
However, the emissions of especially Hg caused by cremations can still contribute
to a considerable part of the total national emissions. In addition to
the most frequently discussed emissions of Hg and PCDD/Fs (dioxins and
furans), are the emissions of compounds like SO2, NOx, NMVOC, CO, other
heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Se, Zn), particulate matter, HCB, PAHs
and PCBs.
Crematoria are usually located within cities, close to residential areas and
normally, their stacks are relatively low. Therefore environmental and human
exposure is likely to occur as a result of emissions from cremation facilities.
FUIPEPMPHZ
There are 31 crematoria in Denmark, some with multiple furnaces, 21 facilities
are run by the church and 10 by the local authorities (DKL, 2011, Kirkeministeriet,
2006).
During the 1990es all Danish crematoria were rebuilt to meet new standards.
This included installation of secondary combustion chambers and in most
cases, replacement of old primary incineration chambers (Schleicher et al.,
2001). All Danish cremation facilities are therefore performing controlled incinerations
with a good burn-out of the gases, and a low production of pollutants.
But only a few crematoria are equipped with flue gas cleaning (bag
filters with activated carbon).
Following the development of new technology, the emission limits for crematoria
were lowered again in 1/2011. These new standard terms were
originally expected from 1/2009 but have been postponed two years for existing
crematoria. Table 7.2 shows a comparison of the emission limits from
2/1993 and the new standard limits.