Report - DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi

where EMFreloading is the emission factor for reloading of tankers to underground
storage tanks at the service stations, EMFrefuelling is the emission factor
for refuelling of vehicles and Tfuel is the amount of gasoline used for road
transport.
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When oil is processed in the refineries, part of the volatile organic components
(VOC) is emitted to the atmosphere. The VOC emissions from the petroleum
refinery process include non-combustion emissions from handling
and storage of feedstock (raw oil), from the petroleum product processing
and from handling and storage of products.
Emissions from flaring in refineries are included under “Flaring”.
Emissions related to process furnaces in refineries are included in stationary
combustion with the relevant emission factors. In cases where only the total
VOC emission is given by the refinery the emission of NMVOC is estimated
due to the assumption that 10 % of VOC is CH4 and the remaining 90 % is
NMVOC.
Both the non-combustion processes including product processing and sulphur
recovery plants emit SO2. The SO2 emissions are calculated by the refineries
and implemented in the emission inventory without further calculation.
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The fugitive emission from transmission, storage and distribution is based
on information from the gas companies. The transmission and distribution
companies give data on the transported amount and length and material of
the pipeline systems.
The fugitive losses from pipelines are only given for some companies, here
among the transmission company. The available distribution data are used
for the remaining companies too. From the fugitive losses from transmission
and distribution pipelines the emissions of NMVOC are calculated due to
the gas quality measured by Energinet.dk.
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Emissions from flaring are estimated from the amount of gas flared offshore,
in gas treatment/storage plants and in refineries and from the corresponding
emission factors. From 2006 offshore flaring is given in the reports for
the European Union Greenhouse Gas Emission Trading System (EU ETS)
and thereby flaring can be split to the individual production units. Before
2006 only the summarized flared amount are available.
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The activity data is the imported amounts and the calorific values of coal
(Danish Energy Agency, 2011b). In 2010 the imported amount was 4 570 Gg
(Figure 3.98) which is a decrease since 2009.