Report - DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi

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The emissions of NMVOC originate from many different sources and can be
divided into two main groups: incomplete combustion and evaporation.
Road vehicles and other mobile sources such as national navigation vessels
and off-road machinery are the main sources of NMVOC emissions from incomplete
combustion processes. Road transportation vehicles are still the
main contributors, even though the emissions have declined since the introduction
of catalyst cars in 1990. The evaporative emissions mainly originate
from the use of solvents and the extraction, handling and storage of oil and
natural gas. The emissions from the energy industries have increased during
the nineties due to the increasing use of stationary gas engines, which have
much higher emissions of NMVOC than conventional boilers. The total anthropogenic
emissions have decreased by 55 % from 1985 to 2010, largely
due to the increased use of catalyst cars and reduced emissions from use of
solvents.
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Mobile sources and non-industrial combustion plants contribute significantly
to the total emission of this pollutant. Transport is the second largest
contributor to the total CO emission. In 1990 a law forbidding the burning of
agricultural crop residues in the fields was implemented, which caused a
significant reduction in CO emission. The emission decreased further by 45
% from 1990 to 2010, largely because of decreasing emissions from road
transportation.
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The particulate matter (PM) emission inventory has been reported for the
years 2000-2010. The inventory includes the total emission of particles Total
Suspended Particles (TSP), emission of particles smaller than 10 µm (PM10)
and emission of particles smaller than 2.5 µm (PM2.5).
The largest PM2.5 emission sources are residential plants (71 %), road traffic
(9 %) and other mobile sources (8 %). For the latter, the most important
sources are off-road vehicles and machinery in the industrial sector and in
the agricultural/forestry sector (32 % and 37 %, respectively). For the road
transport sector, exhaust emissions account for the major part (64 %) of the
emissions. The PM2.5 emission increased by 30 % from 2000 to 2010, due to
an increasing wood consumption in the residential sector.
The largest TSP emission sources are the residential sector and the agricultural
sector. The TSP emissions from transport are also important and include
both exhaust emissions and the non-exhaust emissions from brake and
tyre wear and road abrasion. The non-exhaust emissions account for 62 % of
the TSP emission from road transport.
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In general, the most important sources of heavy metal emissions are combustion
of fossil fuels and waste. The heavy metal emissions have decreased
substantially in recent years, except for Cu. The reductions span from 29 %
to 91 % for Zn and Pb, respectively. The reason for the reduced emissions is
mainly increased use of gas cleaning devices at power and district heating
plants (including waste incineration plants). The large reduction in the Pb