the rollback of south africa's biological warfare program

More documents

Recommendations

Info

1990s. As one foreign official who had investigated these incidents explained, “it’s very difficult to isolate cause of death when people are so malnourished and dehydrated when they die” Interview with foreign investigator, Johannesburg, South Africa, July 1992. See Purkitt, 1995 for additional details. 143 According to Vernon Joynt, interviewed 14 June 2000. 144 According to Dr. Ian Phillips, interviewed 13 June 2000. 145 According to Prosecutor Dr. Torie Pretorius, interviewed 20 June 2000. 146 According to General (ret.) Meiring, interviewed 3 July 2000. 147 Interview with David Steward, 26 June 2000. 148 Interview with Gen. (ret.) Meiring, 3 July 2000. 149 According to a Weekly Mail & Guardian account, 14 November 1997. 150 According to General (ret.) Meiring, interviewed 3 July 2000. Basson’s soft retirement meant that he was no longer an active member of the SADF but continued to draw a paycheck as a reserve SADF officer and doctor at a military hospital. 151 This account of the Steyn Report relies on an interview with David Steward on 26 June 2000. 152 Interview with David Steward on 26 June 2000. 153 According to General (ret.) Meiring, interviewed 3 July 2000. 154 According to General (ret.) Meiring, interviewed 3 July 2000. 155 See Knobel’s testimony to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, July 1998. 156 Oppermann, “How the taxpayer footed the…” Weekly Mail, 27 June 1997. 157 According to Gen. (ret.) Meiring, interviewed 3 July 2000. 158 According to Rocky Williams, ISS, Pretoria and former MK colonel, interviewed 15 June 2000. 159 According to Ian Phillips, interviewed 13 June 2000. 160 Interviews with Ambassador Princeton Lyman, Washington, D.C., 25 May and 31 August 2000. 161 Interview with Peter Goosen, proliferation expert, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Pretoria, 15 June 2000 108
162 According to Dr. Ian Phillips, interviewed 13 June 2000, Anglo-American cooperation on South Africa’s NBC program was not as smooth as it may have seemed. During the 1989-94 period, the British were was upset with the Americans at the latter’s efforts to promote their own “solution for South Africa.” 163 Interview with David Steward, 26 June 2000. 164 Interview with Ambassador Lyman, 31 August 2000. 165 Interview with Dr. Knobel, 15 June 2000. 166 Mangold, Plague Wars, 243. 167 Telephone interview with Roelof “Pik” Botha, 13 July 2000. He stressed in this interview that he never had detailed knowledge of South Africa’s CBW program, except when he had to obtain assurances that the program was closed down before South Africa signed the NPT. 168 Interview by Helen Purkitt with senior South African OSD officials, Johannesburg, July 1997. 169 Weekly Mail and Guardian, 15 December 1994. 170 Koch and Fleming, Weekly Mail and Guardian, 15 December 1994. 171 Koch and Fleming, Weekly Mail and Guardian, 15 December 1994. 172 General (ret.) Meiring, interviewed 3 July 2000. 173 Oppermann, “How the taxpayer…,” Weekly Mail, 27 June 1997. 174 Dr. Ian Phillips, interviewed June 13, 2000. Phillips also commented that, at the time, General Meiring, Chief of SANDF, held the ANC-dominated government and parliament in “complete contempt.” 175 Although Basson’s trips to Libya did decline after he was “rehired,” the South African government at one point placed Basson under an undeclared “house arrest.” 176 Oppermann, “How the taxpayer…” Weekly Mail, 27 June 1997. 177 Stefaans Brummer, The Mail and Guardian, 23 August 1996. 178 This view was expressed in confidential interviews with both South African and U.S. officials. 179 Soggot and Koch, Weekly Mail and Guardian archives, 27 June 1997. 180 Max du Preez, “Forward” in Wendy Orr, From Biko to Basson. (Saxonwold, South Africa, Contra Press, 2000). 109
Page 1:
THE ROLLBACK OF SOUTH AFRICA’S BI
Page 5 and 6:
TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword vii Exec
Page 7 and 8:
FOREWORD We are pleased to publish
Page 9 and 10:
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The profile of So
Page 11 and 12:
The Rollback of the South African B
Page 13 and 14:
During WWII, South African Prime Mi
Page 15 and 16:
dollars) estimate to build a CBW pr
Page 17 and 18:
learn first-hand how the Portuguese
Page 19 and 20:
use of chemical and biological agen
Page 21 and 22:
incidents underscored the variable
Page 23 and 24:
Convention (BWC). According to form
Page 25 and 26:
Project Coast, which would countera
Page 27 and 28:
internal suppression of political d
Page 29 and 30:
Malan, and the Minister of Finance,
Page 31 and 32:
The chain of command demonstrates t
Page 33 and 34:
omb could be used to wipe out or in
Page 35 and 36:
tear gas and to incapacitate withou
Page 37 and 38:
In the aftermath of Cuito Cuanavale
Page 39 and 40:
confirmed, there is evidence that s
Page 41 and 42:
the SSC. At this time, the security
Page 43 and 44:
Given the breadth and depth of coop
Page 45 and 46:
instruct scientists working with a
Page 47 and 48:
the South African President’s off
Page 49 and 50:
Mandrax and Ecstasy that were produ
Page 51 and 52:
overseas business deals. 114 In Aug
Page 53 and 54:
South Africa negotiated the withdra
Page 55 and 56:
political party or organization. Pr
Page 57 and 58:
nuclear weapons program and Project
Page 59 and 60:
TRC, the men who tried to kill Chik
Page 61 and 62:
In 1991, Basson began to build Mert
Page 63 and 64:
Military personnel from several cou
Page 65 and 66:
Meyer, the Acting Defense Secretary
Page 67 and 68: leave the SADF at the end of March
Page 69 and 70: Knobel’s testimony to the TRC, SA
Page 71 and 72: objected to the South African CBM a
Page 73 and 74: Basson and his trips to Libya were
Page 75 and 76: experiences for the military leader
Page 77 and 78: was submitted in 1994). This time U
Page 79 and 80: as the U.S., Great Britain, and oth
Page 81 and 82: investigation phase ended. Initiall
Page 83 and 84: June 1998. However, several weeks b
Page 85 and 86: penalties did finally force him to
Page 87 and 88: public. The State was operating on
Page 89 and 90: The limited news coverage of the Ba
Page 91 and 92: South African court for crimes comm
Page 93 and 94: ulings excluding evidence, his timi
Page 95 and 96: had asked him to set up a facility
Page 97 and 98: cover illegal personal gains from t
Page 99 and 100: who had detailed knowledge of many
Page 101 and 102: 9. What specifically and when did t
Page 103 and 104: e delivered through food and water,
Page 105 and 106: Reconciliation Commission of South
Page 107 and 108: 41 Interview with Dr. G. Scharf, fo
Page 109 and 110: 56 Mangold, Plague Wars, 243. 57 In
Page 111 and 112: weaponization took place. Donald Ma
Page 113 and 114: home of Jerry Nilsson, who was ques
Page 115 and 116: he still need to raise cash in Sout
Page 117: military bases and was familiar to
Page 121 and 122: Basson’s arrest was the result of
Page 123 and 124: 200 By the seventh week of the tria
Page 125: 115
show all

the rollback of south africa's biological warfare program

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?