DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF ANALOG FILTERS A Signal ...

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) PART II Implementation and Analysis 10. PASSIVE FILTERS 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Introduction Continued-Fraction Ladder Implementation Frequency Transformation Circuit Operations Impedance Scaling Summary and Examples of Passive Filter Implementation 10.6 Chapter 10 Problems 11. ACTIVE FILTERS 11.1 11.2 11.3 First-Order Stages Second-Order Stages Summary and Examples of Active Filter Implementation 11.4 Chapter 11 Problems APPENDICES APPENDIX A: Introduction to MATLAB APPENDIX B: Contents of the Accompanying Disk APPENDIX C: The MATLAB m-File EXAMP6_1.m APPENDIX D: The MATLAB m-File EXAMP6_2.m APPENDIX E: The MATLAB m-File EXAMP6_6.m REFERENCES INDEX xii Page 329 329 331 345 348 349 354 359 360 364 377 383 393 409 413 417 423 425 433
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Iimportance of the topic. Therefore, defining what is meant by a “filter,” and n this chapter very basic concepts of analog filters are presented in order to provide motivation for the rest of the book, and to give some indication of the how an analog filter contrasts with other filter types is given: the topic or filtering is broad, including modern, or statistical filters, adaptive filters, etc. Also, to strengthen the basic concept of what a filter is and how it is used, several examples of analog filter applications are presented: these examples indicate the importance and pervasiveness of analog filters. A brief historical perspective is presented on analog filter theory and design. Also, a brief note on the use of MATLAB 1 in this book is given. Finally, to provide a scope of how the material of the book is to be unfolded, a brief overview of the text is given. 1.1 FILTERING CONCEPTS The word “filter” is in common use, such as an oil filter used in an automobile. Also used in an automobile is an air filter and a fuel filter. An air filter is also used in home heating / air conditioning systems. A lint filter is used in a clothes dryer. Photographers frequently make use of a lens filter. In all of these applications the filter is a device that removes something: small metal particles, dust, lint, etc. The photographic filter suppresses a certain band of wavelengths, or is designed to pass light of a particular polarity, etc. Electric filters may be thought of in a similar way. An electric analog filter is typically designed to pass certain things and attenuate if not completely block other things. Since an analog filter is typically time-invariant, what it passes or blocks is not time-dependent per se. Rather, similar to the photographic filter, it is typically designed to pass certain wavelengths, or frequencies, and attenuate or block others. Therefore, many of the concepts, and specifications, of analog filters are defined or 1 MATLAB is a registered trademark of The MathWorks, Inc.
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CHAPTER 7 BESSEL FILTERS Although a
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A Active filters, 359-390 advantage
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