EFFECTS OF ACID RAIN
EFFECTS OF ACID RAIN EFFECTS OF ACID RAIN
Chemical reactions leading to acidity in rain Gas phase oxidation of SO 2 ( 1 – 2 weeks) SO 2 + OH + M HSO 3 + M HSO 3 + O 2 SO 3 + HO 2 SO 3 + H 2O H 2SO 4 Liquid phase (in cloud) oxidation of SO 2 ( ~ days ) SO 2 SO 2 H 2 O HSO 3 - + H + (add H 2 O 2 from atm) HSO 3 - + H2O 2 + H + SO 4 = + 2H + + H2O 6
Neutralization of acidity in rainwater by NH 3 is illusory because in the ecosystem/soils NH 4 + + 3/2 O2 NO 2 - + 2H + + H2 O NO 2 - + ½ O2 NO 3 - (nitrification) in a system with lots of N If taken up and turned into organic matter, effectively NH 4 + "" NH3 + H + Neutralization of acidity in rainwater by base cations from soil is effective. CaCO 3 Ca +2 + CO 3 -2 CO 3 -2 + H + HCO3 - 7
- Page 1 and 2: EFFECTS OF ACID RAIN Freshwater bio
- Page 3 and 4: PRECIPITATION PH OVER THE UNITED ST
- Page 5: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PRECIPITATI
- Page 10 and 11: AMMONIUM AND SULFATE TRENDS, 1985-2
- Page 12 and 13: BUT ECOSYSTEM ACIDIFICATION IS PART
- Page 14 and 15: DEPLETION OF BASE CATIONS FROM ACID
- Page 16: Acid precipitation is caused by emi
Neutralization of acidity in rainwater by NH 3 is illusory because in the<br />
ecosystem/soils<br />
NH 4 + + 3/2 O2 NO 2 - + 2H + + H2 O<br />
NO 2 - + ½ O2 NO 3 - (nitrification) in a system with lots of N<br />
If taken up and turned into organic matter, effectively<br />
NH 4 + "" NH3 + H +<br />
Neutralization of acidity in rainwater by base cations from soil is effective.<br />
CaCO 3 Ca +2 + CO 3 -2<br />
CO 3 -2 + H + HCO3 -<br />
7
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