Sorani vocabulary

Sorani Kurdish Vocabulary 

Circumflexed vowels follow uncircumflexed vowels in alphabetization. The furtive i 

is indicated by italicization, e.g. bâwik ‘father’ but bâwkî ‘his father.’ 

Abbreviations: adj. = adjective; cond. = conditional; demon. = demonstrative; 

imprs. = impersonal (verb is always in the 3rd person singular); impt. = imperative; 

pl. = plural; pron. = pronoun; sing. = singular; subj. = subjunctive; pres. = present; 

v.i. = verb intransitive; v.p. = verb passive; v.t. = verb transitive (transitive implies 

that the past tense is formed on the ergative model, not that the verb necessarily 

takes a direct object either in Kurdish or in English). 

Generally, compound verbs are listed under the nonverbal element of the compound; 

compounds with frequently-occurring elements like dâ-, hał-, and pe- are 

listed under the verb. 

* 

a- ﻪــــــﺋ habitual verbal prefix (Sulaymani the city; ~ i engaged in, practicing: 

dialect); see da- 

ahl i îmân religious, ahl i kher chari- 

-à ﻪـ directional suffix on verbs: chûmà table, ahl i kayf hedonistic; ~ la…dâ 

shâr I went to town 

worthy of: fiłân la rafâqat’dâ zor ahl 

adab بﻩدﻪــــﺋ literature, culture; ~î ﰉﻩدﻪــــﺋ 

a So-and-So is quite worthy of friend- 

literary; ~iyât تﺎــ ﻴﺑﻩدﻪـﺋ 

literature; ~parshipwar رﻩورﻪــ ﭙﺑﻩدﻪـﺋ 

patron of literature; be~ Aḥmad دﻪــــــﲪﻪــــــﺋ Ahmad, masc. proper 

بﻩدﻪــــﺋ/ impolite; be~î ﰉﻩدﻪــــﺋ/ impo- name 

liteness 

aḥrâr راﺮﺣ ﻪﺋ liberals 

adîb ﺐـــــﯾدﻪـــــﺋ litérateur, literary person, ajzâkhâna ﻪﻧﺎLاﺰﺟ ﻪﺋ pharmacy 

man of letters 

-aká ﻪـــــﮐﻪـ sing. definite suffix: pyâwaká 

afandî یﺪــﻧﻪــﻓﻪــﺋ gentleman, anyone who the man 

wears western clothes 

-akân نﰷﻪـ pl. definite suffix: pyâwakân 

Afrâsiyâb بﺎـــ ﻴ8ﺳاﺮـﻓ 

ﻪـﺋ 

Afrasiab, legendary the men 

king of Turan 

akhlâq قﻼــLﻪــﺋ morals, ethics; ~î ﰵﻼــLﻪــﺋ 

Afrîqâ ﺎﻘﯾﺮﻓ ﻪﺋ, 

Afrîqyâ ﺎ;ﻘﯾﺮﻓ ﻪﺋ Africa moral, ethical 

afsar ر ﻪﺴﻓﻪﺋ 

officer 

Ałamânî ﱏﺎﻣ ﻪTﻪﺋ 

German 

afsâna ﻪــﻧﺎــﺴــ ﻓﻪــﺋ 

tale, legend; ~î ﰃﻪــﻧﺎــﺴــ 

ﻓﻪــﺋ 

al’ân نﻵ ﻪﺋ now 

legendary 

alîktronî ﱏۆﱰﮑﻴﻟ ﻪﺋ electronic 

afsos سﯚﺴﻓ ﻪﺋ alas, alack 

am …á ﻪـ ... مﻪﺋ 

this (demon. adj.) 

afsûn-kirdin ندﺮـB نوﻮـﺴﻓ 

ـ ﻪـﺋ 

v.t. to charm: ama ﻪﻣ ﻪﺋ this (demon. pron.) 

mâr afsûn dakât he charms snakes amag گﻪـﻣﻪـﺋ goodness; ba~ گﻪـﻣﻪـﺋﻪـﺑ faith- 

agar رﻪـﮔﻪـﺋ if; ~chî ﯽـﭼرﻪـﮔﻪـﺋ even though, ful; ba~î ﯽـﮔﻪـﻣﻪـﺋﻪـﺑ fidelity; be~ گﻪـﻣﻪـﺋ/ 

even if 

unfaithful, faithless 

agînâ ﺎﻨﻴﮔ ﻪﺋ if not, otherwise 

amak ک ﻪﻣﻪﺋ 

= amag 

ahâlî ﱃﺎــﻫﻪــﺋ inhabitants, civilian popula- amal ل ﻪـــﻣﻪـــﺋ 

(also ل ﻪـــﻣﻪـــ`) 

operation; ~tionkirdin 

v.t. to have an operation 

ahl ﻞـﻫﻪـﺋ inhabitant, resident: kâwrâ ahl i amarîk|â ﲀــرa ﻪــﻣﻪــﺋ 

America; ~î ﯽــﮑــaر 

ﻪــﻣﻪــﺋ 

shâr a the gentleman is a resident of American 

163

amatâ c ﻪﻣﻪﺋ 

here is, voici 

amâna ﻪﻧﺎﻣ ﻪﺋ these (demon. pron.) 

amârat تﻩرﺎـﻣﻪـﺋ emirate, principality; ~ a 

darabagakân feudal principalities 

amjâ ﺎﳎ ﻪﺋ now, at this time 

amn ﻦــﻣﻪــﺋ security; ~î ﲎــﻣﻪــﺋ pertaining to 

security 

amřo ۆgﻣ ﻪﺋ today 

amshaw و ﻪﺸﻣﻪﺋ 

tonight 

amust ﺖـﺳﻮـﻣﻪـﺋ finger; ~aweła ﻪــ 

klوﻪـــ 

ﺘ8ﺳﻮـﻣﻪـﺋ 

ring; ~basta ﻪـــــــــ ﺘ 8 ﺳﻪـــــــــ 

m n ﺳﻮـــﻣﻪـــﺋ 

fooled, 

tricked 

andâm ماﺪـﻧﻪـﺋ member; ~î ﯽـﻣاﺪـﻧﻪـﺋ membership 

andâza ﻩزاﺪـﻧﻪـﺋ measurement; be~ ﻩزاﺪـﻧﻪـﺋ/ 

untold, limitless 

andâzyâr رpزاﺪﻧ ﻪﺋ engineer 

anfâl لﺎـــﻔـــﻧﻪـــﺋ the Iraqi campaign against 

the Kurds in 1988 

ango ﯚﮕs ﻪﺋ you 

angus(t) سﻮﮕs ﻪﺋ ،ﺖﺳﻮﮕsﻪﺋ 

= amust 

angûs سوﻮﮕs ﻪﺋ = amust 

anjâm مﺎــﳒﻪــﺋ end, result; ~-dân ناد مﺎــﳒﻪــﺋ 

v.t. to accomplish, to do; la ~’dâ v 

اﺪـــﻣﺎـــﳒﻪـــﺋ in the end; la ~ i … awa as a 

result of; be~ مﺎــــﳒﻪــــﺋ/ ineffective, inconsequential 

anjuman ن ﻪﻣﻮﳒﻪﺋ 

council, board 

‘antar رﻪــﺘــﻧﻪــ` monkey; wak ‘antar i Lotî 

Sâlih like Loti Salih’s monkey, “like 

an organ grinder’s monkey,” an object 

of pity and ridicule 

‘aql ﻞﻗ ﻪ` mind, intelligence 

‘ard در ﻪ` = arz 2 

are ێر ﻪﺋ yes 

ark ( 1) 

کرﻪــــــﺋ 

duty, responsibility: ark i 

sar shânima khizmat bikam it’s my 

duty to serve; (2) trouble, labor: hendim 

ark dâwa nabetawa I’ve caused 

unprecedented trouble 

‘arsh شر ﻪ` throne 

arshîv ﭫـــ ﻴ8ﺷرﻪـﺋ 

archive; ~î ﯽــــ ﭭﻴ8ﺷرﻪـﺋ 

archival 

arz1 only: arzim kird I said); to petition: 

arzî ba pâshâ kird la shitèk he 

petitioned the king for something 

arz 

زرﻪـــــــــﺋ petition; ~-kirdin v.t. to say 

(self-deprecating, of the 1st person 

2 SORANI KURDISH 

زر ﻪﺋ earth, land 

Arzařom مۆڕ ﻩزرﻪﺋ 

Erzerum 

arzîng ﮓﻨﯾزر ﻪﺋ chin, dimple in the chin 

ashîrat ت ﻩﲑﺷﻪﺋ 

tribe 

ashkanja ﻪــﳒﻪــﮑــ ﺷﻪــﺋ 

torture; ~-dân v.t. to 

torture; ~-dirân v.p. to be tortured 

ashkawt تو ﻪﮑﺷﻪﺋ 

= shikaft 

ashq ﻖﺷ ﻪﺋ love 

ashrâf فاﴍﻪـــــﺋ dignitaries, eminent persons 

asht ﺖﺷ ﻪﺋ wage 

asîr ﲑﺳ ﻪﺋ prisoner 

aslaḥa ﻪــÑÉــﺳﻪــﺋ weapons, arms: ba asla- 

ḥawa armed 

asp ﭗﺳ ﻪﺋ horse 

aspanâgh غá ﻪﭙ8ﺳﻪﺋ 

spinach 

aspârdin ندرﺎﭙ8ﺳ ﻪﺋ = spârdin 

aspâyî ﱙﺎﭙ8ﺳ ﻪﺋ stealth; ba ~ stealthily 

aspe âäﭙ8ﺳ ﻪﺋ louse, mite 

asrîn ﻦaﴎ ﻪﺋ tear 

Astamûl لوﻮﻣ ﻪﺘ8ﺳﻪﺋ 

Istanbul 

aster ﺮåﺘ8ﺳ ﻪﺋ pool 

astera ﻩﺮåﺘ8ﺳ ﻪﺋ star 

asterok کۆﺮåﺘ8ﺳ ﻪﺋ firefly 

asto ﯚــﺘــــ 8 ﺳﻪــﺋ 

neck, thick part of the neck; 

girtinà ~ v.t. to assume the burden of 

astûr روﻮﺘ8ﺳ ﻪﺋ thick 

atom مﯚـــــﺗﻪـــــﺋ atom: hez i ~ power of the 

atom; ~î atomic 

atrash شﻩﺮــــــéﻪــــــﺋ gall: atrashyân chûbû 

they had lost their gall 

avîndâr راﺪﻨ;ﭬ ﻪﺋ lover 

aw وﻪـــــﺋ he, she, it (3rd-person sing. pronoun); 

that (sing. demon. pron.); ~ 

…á that, those (demon. adj.): aw 

shitá that thing, aw shitâná those 

things 

awá ﻩوﻪــــــــﺋ that (demon. pron.); bo ~î in 

order that; ~ khwâya God willing 

awa ﻩو ﻪــــــــــﺋ 

(with present verb indicates 

progressive): min awa la birsâ damirim 

I’m dying of hunger 

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SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY 

-awa ﻩو ﻪـ (postposition, with preposition 

la; contracts to -wa after vowels) 

from 

awal ل ﻩوﻪﺋ 

first 

awanda ﻩﺪـــﻧﻩوﻪـــﺋ so much, thus; ~ i tir so 

~chûn نوﻮﭼووgñﺎﺋ indignity 

âbuhawâ او ﻪﻫﻮﺑﺎﺋ climate 

âbunmân نﺎﳕﻮﺑﺎﺋ subscription 

âborî یرﯚﺑﺎﺋ economy, economic 

âdamî ﯽــــﻣﻩدﺎــــﺋ human being; ~zâ(d) hu- 

much the more; dû ~ twice as much: 

min dû awanda’t dadamè I’ll give 

you twice as much 

awatâ c ﻩوﻪﺋ 

there is, voilà 

awâ اوﻪـﺋ then; ~ hât u و تﺎـﻫ 

اوﻪـﺋ 

suppose: 

awâ hât u kurdèk habû suppose there 

was a Kurd who … 

awân ناو ﻪﺋ they; ~a ﻪﻧاو ﻪﺋ those 

‘awdâl لادو ﻪ` wandering 

awe ێوﻪــــــــﺋ there; l’ ~ ێوv there, in that 

place; l’ ~wa ﻩﻮــــــlوv from there, from 

that place 

awîn ﻦــaوﻪــﺋ love; ~dâr راﺪــﻨــﯾوﻪــﺋ lover, in 

love 

awjâ ﺎêو ﻪﺋ then, subsequently 

Awrupâ ﺎـﭘوروﻪـﺋ Europe; ~î ﱙﺎـﭘوروﻪـﺋ Euroman 

being 

âday ی ﻩدﺎﺋ now then 

âfarîn ﻦـــرa ﻪـــﻓﺎـــﺋ 

bravo; ~-kirdin la v.t. to 

applaud 

âfâq قﺎﻓﺎﺋ horizons 

âfrat ت ﻩﺮﻓﺎﺋ woman 

âgâ ﺎــــﮔòــــﺋ aware: ~t l’ aw kârá haya? are 

you aware of that?; (2) awake: khawtûa 

yân ~ya? is he asleep or awake?; 

~-bûn la v.i. to be aware of; ~-kirdin 

v.t. to inform; ~dâr رادﺎـﮔòـﺋ la aware of, 

careful of; ~dârî یرادﺎـــﮔòـــﺋ awareness, 

care, attention, information 

âgir ﺮﮔòﺋ fire; ~dân نادﺮﮔòﺋ fireplace 

âghâ ﺎôﺎﺋ agha, title of feudal lord 

âhang ﮓـــsﻪـــﻫﺎـــﺋ entertainment, party; ~pean 

awsâ ﺎﺳو ﻪﺋ then, at that time 

awto ﯚﺗو ﻪﺋ so much, such a 

ay یﻪـﺋ O (vocative particle); oh; now: ay 

geřân to hold a party, give an entertainment 

âîn ﲔﺋﺎﺋ religion; ~î ﲎõﺋﺎﺋ religious 

âkâm مﰷòــــــــﺋ end, result: la ~’(d)â in the 

kay det? who’s coming now? 

ayâr رp ﻪﺋ May 

‘aybat ت ﻪﺒﯾﻪ` 

fear, terror 

aylûl لوﻮﻠﯾ ﻪﺋ September 

‘aynak ک ﻪﻨﯾﻪ` 

eyeglasses 

azhdîhâ ﺎﳞدژ ﻪﺋ dragon, serpent 

azhîhâ ﺎﳞژ ﻪﺋ = azhdîha 

azhno ﯚـژﻧ ﻪـﺋ 

knee; dastaw-~ ﯚـژﻧ 

ﻪـﺋ 

وﻪـﺘ8ﺳ 

ــ ﻩد 

end, finally 

âkâr رﰷòﺋ conduct, morals 

âkh خﺎـــــــــــﺋ earth, grave; exclamation of 

pleasure 

âkhâwtin ﻦــéوﺎــLﺎــﺋ conversational, colloquial 

âkhir ﺮـﺧﺎـﺋ end; (exclamation) well now!, 

after all!; ~ u okhir ﺮـــﺧﻮـــﺋوﺮـــﺧﺎـــﺋ latter 

grieving, mourning 

azîz ﺰــزa ﻪــ` 

dear; ~-kirdin v.t. to pamper; 

~-kiran v.p. to be spoiled; ~kirâw 

واﺮBﺰaز ﻪ` pampered, spoiled 

part, near the end: la ~ i pâyiz dâ 

toward the end of autumn; ~amîn 

ﲔـﻣﻩﺮـﺧﺎـﺋ last: awa ~ jâr be pet biłem let 

this be the last time I tell you; ~î 

یﺮﺧﺎﺋ final, last 

âkhnîn ﲔ ﺎــﺋ 

v.t. to stuff; hał-~ to stuff 

-â ا (contracted form of the postposition 

’dâ, q.v.) 

âb بﺎﺋ August 

ــــ û ﺧ 

full, cram full 

âkho ﯚﺧﺎﺋ ah, exclamation of pleasure 

âl لﺎﺋ red, flushed 

âbłoqa ﻪﻗﯚkﺑﺎﺋ siege; ~-dân v.t. to besiege 

âbřû ووgــــñﺎــــﺋ honor, modesty, shame; ~birdin 

v.t. to dishonor, shame; ~- âłâ üﺎﺋ pen; flag, banner 

tikândin v.t. to dishonor; ~bar âłân نüﺎـــــﺋ âłe- âـــــTﺎـــــﺋ v.i. to be twisted, 

رﻪـــــﺑووgـــــñﺎـــــﺋ shameful, dishonorable; wrapped 

165

SORANI KURDISH 

âłândin نﺪـــﻧüﺎـــﺋ âłên- ﻦــــــ å Tﺎـــﺋ 

v.t. to twist 

(trs.) 

âlât تﻻﺎﺋ tools, implements 

âlik ﮏ¢ﺎﺋ, âlîk ﮏﻴﻟﺎﺋ forage, fodder 

Âlmân نﺎﳌﺎﺋ Germany 

âłosh شﯚTﺎﺋ itch 

âłqa ﻪــ ﻘTﺎـﺋ 

ring, knocker; ~rez ﺰـ§ رﻪــ 

ﻘTﺎـﺋ 

ditto; 

~rez i dargâ kutân v.t. to knock at a 

door 

âłtûn نوﻮﺘTﺎﺋ gold 

âługoř ڕﯚـــﮔﻮـــTﺎـــﺋ change; ~-kirdin v.t. to 

change, to alter 

âłû وﻮTﺎﺋ tonsils 

âmâda ﻩدﺎـﻣﺎـﺋ ready; ~-kirdin v.t. to make 

ârân نارﺎﺋ winter quarters 

ârâsta ﻪــﺘــــ 8 ﺳارﺎــﺋ 

direction; ~-kirdin v.t. to 

direct: bînarân datwânin pirsyârakânyân 

ârâsta i mewân i barnâmaká 

bikan viewers can direct their questions 

at the guest of the program; 

~kar ر ﻪﮐﻪﺘ8ﺳارﺎﺋ 

steering, guiding 

ârd درﺎﺋ flour; ~amshâr رﺎﺸﻣ ﻩدرﺎﺋ sawdust 

ârkolozhiyâ pژﯚﻟﯚﮐرﺎﺋ archaeology 

ârû وورﺎﺋ cucumber 

âs سﺎﺋ ace (cards) 

âsawâr راو ﻪﺳﺎﺋ remains 

âsâ ﺎ ــﺳﺎــﺋ 

(postposition) like: min’îsh khot 

âsâ am kârá’m kird I, like you, did 

ready, prepare 

âmânat تﻪــﻧﺎــﻣﺎــﺋ trust, safekeeping; ba ~ 

this; ~î normal, usual 

âsân نﺎــﺳﺎــﺋ easy; ~-kirdin v.t. to simpli- 

dânà dast i … v.t. to give into the 

safekeeping of; ba ~ spârdin ba … 

v.t. to entrust to 

âmânj ﱋﺎﻣﺎﺋ target, goal 

âmo ﯚﻣﺎﺋ paternal uncle; ~zâ ازﯚﻣﺎﺋ cousin 

âmozhgârî-kirdin ندﺮــB یرﺎــﮔژﯚــﻣﺎــﺋ 

v.t. to 

fy; ~î ease: ba âsânî with ease, easily 

âsâyish ﺶßﺎﺳﺎﺋ peace, security 

âsh شﺎـﺋ mill; ~awân ناوﻪـﺷﺎـﺋ miller; ~geř 

gåﮕﺷﺎﺋ water that turns a mill 

âshbattâł ڵﺎﺘﺗ ﻪﺒ8ﺷﺎﺋ cease-fire 

âshkirâ اﺮــﮑــ ﺷﺎــﺋ 

clear, obvious; public; ~- 

advise 

âmřâz زاgﻣﺎﺋ instrument, implement, tool 

âmyân نﺎ;ﻣﺎﺋ yoghurt starter, leaven 

ânîshk ﮏﺸõﻧﺎﺋ elbow 

ânqast (la ~) ﺖـﺳﻪـﻘﻧ ـﺎـﺋ 

on purpose, deliberately 

âpo ﯚﭘﺎﺋ paternal uncle 

âpor رﯚﭘﺎﺋ calamity 

âpora ﻩرﯚــﭘﺎــﺋ crowd; ~-dân v.t. to crowd: 

khałkèk i zor la dawr i mizgawt ~yân 

dâwa many people have crowded 

around the mosque 

âraq(a) قﻩرﺎـﺋ ،ﻪـﻗﻩرﺎـﺋ 

sweat; ~-kirdinawa 

v.t. to sweat; ~-rishtin v.t. to sweat 

ârazû ووزﻩرﺎــﺋ wish, hope; ~kar رﻪــﮐووز 

ﻩرﺎــﺋ 

desirous, wishful; ~mand ﺪـــﻧﻪـــﻣووز 

ﻩرﺎـــﺋ 

bûn v.i. to be clear, obvious; to become 

public; ~-kirdin v.t. to make 

clear, clarify 

âshnâ ﺎـﻨ8ﺷ ــ ﺎـﺋ 

acquainted, friendly; expert; 

~yatî ﰏ ﻪﯾﺎﻨ8ﺷﺎﺋ acquaintance 

âsht ﺖـﺷﺎـﺋ on good terms; ~-bûnawa v.i. 

to be reconciled; ~î ﱴــــــ 8 ﺷﺎـــﺋ 

peace, reconciliation; 

~îkhwâz زاﻮـﺨ;nﺷ ـ ـ ـ ﺎـﺋ 

seeking 

reconciliation 

âsik ﮏﺳﺎﺋ gazelle, deer 

âsin ﻦــــــﺳﺎــــــﺋ iron; ~ i sârd kutân to do 

something useless; ~gar رﻪـــﮕـــﻨــــــ 

8 ﺳﺎـــﺋ 

blacksmith 

Âsiyâ ﺎﻴ8ﺳﺎﺋ Asia 

âsmân نﲈــــﺳﺎــــﺋ sky; ~ i dûr la zawîawa 

outer space; ~î of the sky, heavenly, 

hopeful; ~-kirdin v.t. to wish, desire 

ârâm مارﺎـــــﺋ calm; ~-girtin v.t. to be still, 

patient, calm down; ~ biřrân la(bar) 

v.p. to lose patience: wazîr ârâm’î le 

blue 

âso ﯚﺳﺎﺋ horizon 

âst ﺖﺳﺎﺋ: la ~e kho in spite of oneself 

âstam مﻪــــــ ﺘ 8 ﺳﺎــﺋ 

slight: namirdibû u ba âs- 

hałdagîre the vizier loses his patience; 

be~ مارﺎــــــــﺋ/ impatient; be~î / 

ﯽﻣارﺎﺋ impatience 

tam gyân’î te’dâ mâbû he wasn’t 

dead, for there was a slight trace of 

life still in him; ba ~(èk) slightly: 

166

dastim ba ~èk rûshâwa my hand is 

slightly scratched; (2) difficult to 

warp 

âwsâna ﻪـﻧﺎـﺳوﺎـﺋ fable, legend; ~î ﱙﻪـﻧﺎـﺳوﺎـﺋ 

cross: Taragha kewèk i ~a Taragha is 

a difficult mountain to get across 

âsûda ﻩدوﻮـــﺳﺎـــﺋ in comfort, comfortable; 

~-kirdin v.t. to make comfortable; ~î 

ﱙﻩدوﻮـﺳﺎـﺋ comfort, prosperity; kawtinà 

~îawa to become prosperous 

âtar ر ﻪﺗﺎﺋ fire 

âtashbâzî یزﺎﺒ8ﺷ ﻪﺗﺎﺋ fireworks 

âw وﺎـــﺋ water; ~î یوﺎـــﺋ watery; light blue; 

~řishen ﻦــــــ å ﺷڕوﺎـــﺋ 

sprinkling, spraying 

with water 

âwadân ناد ﻩوﺎﺋ flourishing 

âwał ڵ ﻩوﺎﺋ friend, companion 

âwâ اوﺎــــــــــﺋ thus; flourishing, prosperous 

fabulous, legendary 

âwus سووﺎﺋ = âwis 

ây یﺎﺋ O (vocative particle) 

âyâ pﺎﺋ interrogative particle 

âyin ﻦaﺎﺋ religion; ~î traditional; religious 

âyina ﻪﻨﯾﺎﺋ mirror 

âyinda ﻩﺪــــــــ ﻨ ﯾﺎــــﺋ 

future, coming, next: do 

rozh i âyinda two days later 

âzâ ازﺎـﺋ brave; ~î ﰃازﺎـﺋ bravery; ~yatî ﻪـﯾازﺎـﺋ 

ﰏ act of bravery, feat 

âzâd دازﺎــــــﺋ free; ~-kirdin v.t. to set free; 

~î ىدازﺎﺋ freedom 

âzâna ﻪﻧازﺎﺋ bravely, courageously 

âzâr 

(land); ~-bûn to disappear; to be 

gone, over: rozh âwâ be, demà mâłtân 

when day is done I’ll come to 

you; ~-kirdin v.t. to develop; ~dân 

ناداوﺎــــــــــــــﺋ flourishing, prosperous; ~î 

ﱏاداوﺎـﺋ village, settlement; ~kirdinawa 

development 

âwâł ڵاوﺎـــــــــــــﺋ companion, mate; ~kirâs 

ساﺮﮑTاوﺎﺋ women’s trousers 

âwâra ﻩراوﺎﺋ wanderer, vagabond 

âwât تاوﺎـــــﺋ desire: ~ i dił the heart’s desire; 

~-khwâstin bo to wish for, 

desire; ~akhwâz زاﻮـــﺧﻪـــﺗاوﺎـــﺋ desirous, 

hopeful 

âwâz زاوﺎــﺋ tune, melody; ~a ﻩزاوﺎــﺋ reputation; 

~akhwân ناﻮــــﺧﻩزاوﺎــــﺋ singer; ~akhwen 

ﻦ§ﻮﺧ ﻩزاوﺎﺋ singer 

âwena ﻪﻨlوﺎﺋ mirror 

âwezha ﻩﮋ§وﺎﺋ swamp 

âwhâ ﺎﻫوﺎﺋ thus, of this sort 

âwir روﺎﺋ fire; pregnant 

âwiř ڕوﺎــﺋ backward glance; ~-dânawa la 

v.t. to look over the shoulder at, to 

look back at 

âwis سوﺎﺋ pregnant 

âwrîshim ﻢـــﺸـــßروﺎـــﺋ silk; ~în ﲔـــﻤـــﺸـــßروﺎـــﺋ 

silken, made of silk 

âwru وروﺎﺋ honor 

âwsân نﺎـﺳوﺎـﺋ âwse- âـﺳوﺎـﺋ v.i. to swell; to 

1 رازﺎـــﺋ bother, annoyance; pain, malady; 

~-kirdin v.t. to bother, annoy 

âzâr 2 رازﺎﺋ March 

âzâyâna ﻪﻧpازﺎﺋ = âzâna 

âzhal ل ﻩژﺎﺋ flocks, herds 

âzhâwa ﻩواژﺎﺋ commotion, uproar 

âzûqa ﻪﻗووزﺎﺋ provisions, stores 

b- pres. stem of bûn 

ba ﻪ ـــــــــــﺑ 

(with enclitic pronouns pre- or 

postposed, pe âä ــﭘ) 

to; by, with (instrumental); 

by (with passives): hîchit pe 

nâkire nothing can be done by you 

ba- 1 ﻪــــﺑ for compound adjectives formed 

from ba-, such as barez, bakhabar, 

banâwbâng, see next element 

ba- 2 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY 

ﻪﺑ pres. stem of birdin 

badbakht ﺖــﺧﻪــﺑدﻪــﺑ unfortunate; ~î ﻪــﺑدﻪــﺑ 

ﱴﺧ misfortune; bo ~î unfortunately 

bafr ﺮـــﻓﻪـــﺑsnow; ~-girtin v.t. for snow to 

cover s.th.: bafr girtûyatî it is covered 

with snow; ~ânbâr رﺎـﺒﻧ ـاﺮـﻓﻪـﺑ 

the month 

of Capricorn (December 22–January 

20) 

bag گ ﻪﺑ lord, master 

Baghdâ اﺪô ﻪﺑ Baghdad 

baghîl ﻞــ ﻴﻏﻪـﺑ 

stingy; jealous; ~î jealousy; 

~î hâtin la v.i. to be jealous: baghîlî’yân 

le dahât they were jealous 

bahałategayshtin ﱳـﺸß ـﻪـﮕـ 

ـﺗﻪـTﻪـﻫﻪـﺑ 

misun- 

167

derstanding 

bahâr رﺎﻫ ﻪﺑ spring 

bahra ﻩﺮــﻫﻪــﺑ benefit, lot; ~-birdin la v.t. 

sake of, because of; la ~ …’dâ in 

front of; la ~ …awa to, with, in the 

presence of: la bar khoyawa gutî he 

to derive benefit from 

baḥrî یﺮـﺣﻪـﺑ merhorse, a fabulous magi- 

said to himself; ~la ~ awaî because; 

la ~ kirdin v.t. to put on, wear; la 

cal horse common in Iranian fairy ~ân i throughout the length and 

tales 

bakesh-kirdin ندﺮـــB ﺶــــــ 

å ﮐﻪـــﺑ 

v.t. to drag, 

breadth of; la ~dam i in front of; la ~ 

dast i …’dâ in the presence of, in 

haul: ba zor bakesh’î kirdim bo lâ i front of, with; lamaw~ previously, 

qâzî he hauled me before the judge by 

force 

bakhew-kirdin ندﺮـــB ﻮـــ¥ 

ـــﺧﻪـــﺑ 

v.t. to take 

care of, to raise (a child) 

bakht ﺖـﺧﻪـﺑ luck; ~-kirdin v.t. to risk, to 

before; (2) fruit, produce 

bař ڕ ﻪﺑ rug, flat-woven carpet 

bar- ر ﻪﺑ impt. stem of birdin 

bara 

sacrifice; ~ kirânawa v.p. to have a 

stroke of luck: bakhtî kirâwatawa he 

has had a stroke of luck; ~awar 

lucky; ~iyâr prosperous; ~iyârî prosperity 

Bakhtak کﻪــــµ ــــﺧﻪــــﺑ 

Bakhtak, Anosharwan’s 

vizier 

balangâz زﺎﮕs vﻪﺑ 

poor, destitute 

bałâm مü ﻪﺑ but (conj.) 

báłe âT ﻪﺑ yes 

bałen ﻦــــåــــTﻪــــﺑ promise; ~-dân ba v.t. to 

make a promise to 

bałga ﻪﮕT ﻪﺑ document; proof 

báłka ﻪﮑT ﻪﺑ but, rather 

báłku ﻮﮑT ﻪﺑ, 

báłkû وﻮﮑT ﻪﺑ maybe, perhaps 

banakhun نﻮﺧ ﻪﻧﻪﺑ 

drawstring (trousers) 

banâ á ﻪﺑ builder 

banâwbâng ﮓـــــــs وáﻪـــــــﺑ 

famous, wellknown 

band ﺪــﻧﻪــﺑ prison, dungeon; joint; magic 

spell; dam; ~ hał-witin ba to say a 

spell over; ~î یﺪــﻧﻪــﺑ prisoner; ~îkhâna 

ﻪﻧﺎﳜﺪﻧ ﻪﺑ prison 

bandan ن ﻩﺪﻧﻪﺑ 

mountain 

bar رﻪـــــــﺑ chest, breast; fore; ~ la before, 

pre-; ~-bûn v.i. to get free; ~-bûnawa 

v.i. to fall; ~-dân v.t. to set free; ~girtin 

v.t. to cover, obscure: hawrèk i 

rash bar i âsmânî girt a black cloud 

obscured the sky; ~-kirdin v.t. to put 

on, wear; ~dam front; la ~ for the 

1 ﻩر ﻪﺑ tribe, tribal division 

bara 2 ﻩرﻪــــﺑ bit; bara-bara little by little, 

gradually 

bara 3 SORANI KURDISH 

i ی ﻩرﻪﺑ 

toward 

bařa ﻩڕ ﻪﺑ = bař 

barabayân نp ﻪﺑﻩرﻪﺑ 

at dawn 

barałâ üﻩرﻪــﺑ free, unhampered; ~-kirdin 

to set free, turn loose: min barałâ i 

kołânân dakrem I’ll be turned out into 

the streets 

barangâr-bûnawa ﻩوﻪـﻧوﻮـﺑ رﺎـﮕs 

ـﻩرﻪـﺑ 

v.i. to 

fight with, oppose, resist: dayawe 

dastdrezhî’y bikâtà sar bałâm kichá 

barangâr’î dabetawa he wants to 

violate her, but the girl resists him 

barawa ﻩو ﻩرﻪـــــــﺑ 

(impt. sing. of bûnawa) 

be … again 

baraw|zher ﺮــــــــ§ ژوﻩرﻪــــــــﺑ 

headed down; 

~zhûr رووژو ﻩرﻪﺑ 

headed up 

barâmbar رﻪــ mﻣارﻪـﺑ 

in the face of, against; 

~ ba facing 

barâward-kirdin ندﺮــــــB درﻩوارﻪــــــﺑ 

v.t. to 

make a comparison 

barâz زار ﻪﺑ boar 

barbîn ﲔــرﺑ ﻪــﺑ 

base of the throat; ~-girtin 

to grab by the throat 

barchâw وﺎ ر ﻪﺑ see châw 

bard درﻪــﺑ stone: dawr i ~ the Stone Age; 

wirda~ درﻪـــــــﺑﻩدرو pebble, small stone; 

~ałânî ﱏü ﻩدرﻪﺑ 

rocky 

bardast ﺖﺳ ﻩدرﻪﺑ 

errand boy; available 

bardawâm ماوﻩدرﻪـﺑ constant(ly), continual(ly); 

~-bûn v.i. to be persistent, 

168

steady; ~bûn continuation, continuance 

bařewabar رﻪــﺑﻩﻮــlڕﻪــﺑ director, manager; 

~âyatî ﰏﻪـﯾارﻪـﺑﻩﻮـlڕﻪـﺑ administration, directorate 

bařez ﺰ§ڕ ﻪﺑ see rez 

barg گرﻪــــــــﺑ clothes; cover; da ~ girtin 

v.t. to wrap in a cover; ~dirû وورﺪــﮔرﻪــﺑ 

tailor 

barga ﻪـــﮔرﻪـــﺑ power, ability; ~-girtin v.t. 

tion 

bashka ﻪ ــﮑــﺷﻪــﺑ , bashkim ﲂــﺷﻪــﺑ maybe, 

perhaps 

bashûdân نادوﻮﺷ ﻪﺑ see under shû 

basizmân نﺎﻣº ﻪﺑ poor, unfortunate 

ba‘sî ﴗــــﻋﻪــــﺑ Baathist, member of Saddam 

Hussein’s ruling party in Iraq 

bastazmân نﺎﻣز ﻪﺘ8ﺳﻪﺑ 

poor, wretched 

bast|in ﱳـــﺳﻪـــﺑ bast- ﺖـــﺳﻪـــﺑ v.t. to tie, to 

freeze; ~rân ناﱰـــﺳﻪـــﺑ bastre- ێﱰـــﺳﻪـــﺑ 

to resist 

barhałist ﺖﺴT ﻪﻫرﻪﺑ 

obstacle 

barham مﻪـــﻫرﻪـــﺑ fruit, produce; ~-henân 

v.p. to be tied, frozen: la tirsân zibânî 

bastrâ his tongue was frozen from 

fear; ~rânawa ﻩوﻪـﻧاﱰـﺳﻪـﺑ v.p. to be tied 

v.t. to bear fruit, be productive; ~henar 

ر ﻪﻨ ﻪﻫرﻪﺑ 

productive 

barîk ﮏaر ﻪﺑ pocket 

Barîtânyâ ﺎﻴﻧﺎﺘﯾر ﻪﺑ Britain 

barkh خر ﻪﺑ lamb 

barkosh شﯚﮐر ﻪﺑ apron, smock 

barnâma ﻪﻣáر ﻪﺑ program 

barok کۆرﻪــــــــﺑ collar; ~-bar-dân v.t. to 

up: la hamû lâyèkawa asp bastrâwatawa 

horses were tied up on every 

side 

batâł ڵcﻪـﺑ over, finished; empty; invalid, 

unemployed: brâyèkim batâła one of 

my brothers is out of work; ~-bûn v.i. 

to be over, come to an end; ~-kirdin 

v.t. to stop, cease: har nîwařo batâł- 

leave alone, stop pestering; ~-girtin 

v.t. to pester 

barpirs سﺮـ رﻪـﺑ 

responsible, in authority; 

~yâr رﺎﻴ8ﺳﺮ ر ﻪﺑ responsible 

barqâsâ ﺎــﺳﺎــرﻗ ﻪــﺑ 

with the speed of lightning 

barz زرﻪــــﺑ high, tall, loud: ba dang i ~ in 

a loud voice; ~ape âäــــﭘﻩزرﻪــــﺑ standing, 

upright; ~âî ﰃازرﻪــــﺑ highness, tallness; 

high place 

barzhawandî یﺪﻧ ﻩوﻩژرﻪﺑ 

interests 

barzwulâkh خﻻووزر ﻪﺑ horse 

bas س ﻪﺑ enough 

basarhât تﺎﻫر ﻪﺳﻪﺑ 

adventure 

basâłâchû وﻮﭼüﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ aged 

basâm مﺎﺳ ﻪﺑ frightening, terrible 

bash شﻪــــــــﺑ section, share; omen; ~ i … 

mân kird we stopped just at noon; ~î 

ﻰTc ﻪﺑ idleness 

batâqî-kirdinawa ﻩوﻪــﻧدﺮــB ﰵcﻪــﺑ 

v.t. to investigate 

bayânî ﱏp ﻪﺑ morning 

baybûn نوﻮﺒﯾ ﻪﺑ camomile 

bayn ﻦــــaﻪــــﺑ midst; la ~ i …dâ between, 

among: l’ aw ~á’dâ at that time, under 

those circumstances; pâsh ~èk 

ﮏــــــ ¥ ¿ ﯾﻪــﺑ 

شﺎــﭘ 

after a while; ~annahren 

( ﻦaﺮﳯ¢ا ﲔﺑ) 

ﻦ§ﺮﻫﻪﻨﻧﻪﻨﯾﻪﺑ 

Mesopotamia 

bazaî ﰃﻩزﻪــــﺑ compassion: bazaî’m pe’dâ 

hât I felt sorry for him 

bazh ژ ﻪﺑ dry land (opp. to sea) 

bazîn v.i. ﻦـــزa ﻪـــﺑ 

to go/come down; dâ-~ 

to get off, down 

bâ 

kirdin v.t. to suffice for …; ~akher 

ﺮــ åLﻪـﺷﻪـﺑ 

handout, charity; ~-kirdin v.t. 

to be enough: aw toza bashim nâkâ 

that little bit is not enough for me; 

~dâr راﺪـــﺷﻪـــﺑ participant; ~dârbûn ﻪـــﺑ 

نوﻮـــﺑراﺪـــﺷ participation; ~dârî-kirdin 

v.t. to participate; ~ko ﯚـﮑﺷ ـ ﻪـﺑ 

corpora- 

1 

hortatory particle (+ subj): bâ 

biroyn c’mon, let’s go 

bâ 2 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY 

wind; ~-dân for the wind to blow; 

~gař ڕﻪــــــــﮔ whirlwind; ~hoz زﯚــــــــﻫ 

whirlwind 

bâb ب father 

Bâb i ‘Âlî ﱃﺎــ` ﰉ the Sublime Porte, office 

of the grand vizier of the Otto- 

169

man Empire 

bâbat ت ﻪـــﺑ 

: la ~…awa about, concern- 

bâr 

ing: la ~ minawa adwân they were 

talking about me; (2) worthy: ama ~ i 

to niya this is not worthy of you 

bâfîn ﲔﻓ v.t. to weave 

bâho ﯚــﻫ shoulders; ~dâr رادﯚــﻫ strong, 

powerful 

bâkh خ garden, orchard; ~ i gishtî 

park; ~cha ﻪ¬ﺧ garden 

bâkhał ڵﻪــL breast, armpit, embrace; ~î 

ﯽـــــTﻪـــــL breast, pocket (adj.): daftar i 

bâkhałî pocket notebook 

bâł ڵ arm, wing; ~dâr راﺪT bird 

bâłâ ü height, stature; ~-kirdin v.t. to 

get tall; ~barz زرﻪــــــــــﺑü tall, elegant; 

~nwen ﻦـــ§ ﻮـــﻧü 

something that shows 

the figure: âwena i bâłânwen fulllength 

mirror 

bâlândîda ﻩﺪ ـﯾﺪـﻧﻻ 

: gurg i ~ experienced, 


ر load, burden; manner: pewîst-a 

aw bârá rûn bikretawa ka khwenakáy 

tedâ rizhâwa it is necessary for the 

manner in which his blood was shed 

to be made clear; ~ dâ-girtin v.t. to 

pack one’s bags; to unload; ~henân 

upbringing; la ~ i for, for the sake of; 

~-kirdin v.t. to load; to decamp, 

leave; ~nâma ﻪــــــﻣáر bill of lading; ~ 

râst-kirdinawa to set straight a 

crooked load, (meta.) to help someone 

out, come to someone’s aid: zor 

le-qawmâw bûm, kâkim bârî râst 

kirdimawa I was in bad straits, but 

my brother helped me out; ~ u dokh 

خۆدو ر burden; situation 

worldly 

bâłdâr راﺪT bird 

bâłinda ﻩﺪﻨT bird 

bâłisht ﺖﺸT pillow 

bâłîn ﲔT pillow 

bâlora ﻩرﯚﻟ a Kurdish verse form 

bâr- ر pres. stem of bârîn 

bâra ﻩر time: dû ~ hâtawa he came 

back twice; (2) power: am kâr a 

girâná la ~ i minâ niya this heavy 

labor is not within my power; dar~ i 

about, concerning; la ~ i …(awa) 

bâłwez ﺰ§ﻮT ambassador 

bâm la …awa be / ﻩوﻪـ... 

v م aside 

from, not to mention 

bân ن roof; steppe; ~èka u dû hawâ 

there’s a double standard 

bânamař ڕﻪـــــﻣﻪـــــﻧ the month of Taurus 

(April 21– May 21) 

bâng ﮓـــــــــs cry, shout; ~-kirdin v.t. to 

call, summon, invite; ~heshtin invitation; 

~-heshtin-kirdin bo v.t. to invite: 

dabe bângheshtinèk’it bo bikam 

bo mâława I must invite you to my 

home; ~awâz زاوﻪــــﮕــــs a cry for help, 

request for assistance; ~awâz-kirdin 

v.t. to ask for assistance 

bânîzha ﻩ ﻧ small roof 

bâp پ = bâb 

bâpîr ﲑﭘ grandfather 

bâr 1 about, concerning 

bâragâ ﺎﮔ ﻩر = bârgâ 

bârân نار rain; ~din bâren- v.t. to rain, 

shower; dâ-~ to rain down 

bârga ﻪــﮔر baggage, paraphernalia; ~chî 

ﯽﭼ ﻪﮔر caravan leader 

bârgâ ﺎﮔر king’s court; headquarters 

bârist ﺖﺳر , ~âî ﰃﺎﺘ8ﺳر size, volume 

bârîn ﻦــــــــرa bâr- ر v.i. to rain; dâ-~ to 

rain down 

bâřût تووڕ gunpowder 

bâs س discussion; ~-kirdin v.t. to discuss 

bâsh ش good: rozh ~ good day; da ~a 

that’s enough! 

bâsik ﮏﺳ upper arm 

bâtînî ﲎــــــــ õ ﺗ occult; châw i ~ inner eye, 

sixth sense, the ability to see hidden 

ر time, instance (= jâr) 

things 

bâw-bûn نوﻮـــﺑ و v.i. to become current, 

customary 

bâwař ڕﻩو belief; ~-kirdin v.t. to believe 

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bâwash شﻩو bosom, embrace: hałim- Farhad legendarily carved the moungirt 

ba ~imawa I grabbed him in my 

arms; ~-kirdin ba …’dâ v.t. to emtain 

for Shirin 

betâqat تﻪــﻗﺎــµ ــåــﺑ anxious, unable to enbrace: 

bâwash’y pe’dâ kird she emdure; ~-kirdin v.t. to make anxious: 

braced him 

bâwazhin نژ ﻩو stepmother 

bâwâ او grandfather 

bâwik کو father 

bâwishk-dân ناد ﮏﺷو v.t. to yawn 

bây ی price, worth 

bâyakh خﻪــــﯾ worth, value; ~-dân ba to 

attach value to, to pay attention to: 

hîch bâyakhe ba qsakám nâdâ he 

doesn’t pay any attention to what I 

say 

bâyqûsh شوﻮﻘﯾ owl 

bâz ز hawk, falcon; ~gardân نادرﻪــــــﮔز 

hawking, making a hawk fly (method 

yâd i bâwkî zor betâqatî kird the 

memory of his father made him very 

anxious 

betâwân ناوﺎـــ µåﺑ innocent; ~î ﱏاوﺎـــ µåﺑ innocence 

bewa ﻩﻮ ﺑ widow; ~zhin نژ ﻩﻮ ﺑ widow 

bez ﺰåﺑ condescension 

bezh- ﮋåﺑ = biwezhbezha 

ﻩﮋåﺑ literature 

bezhân ناﮋåﺑ bezhe- ێﮋåﺑ v.t. to sift 

bibiřây یا…ــــــــــــﺑ never: ~ ~ nâchimawa 

gund I’ll never ever go back to the 

village 

bibû وﻮ ـــــﺒـــــﺑ (past perf. of bûn) s/he had 

of choosing a new king in folktales) 

bâz-dân la v ناد ز v.t. to flee in haste 

been: dawlat a khâwanqudratakân i 

dîka ka la shař’dâ peroz bibûn the 

from, to run away in fear from 

bâzher ﺮ§ژ city, market 

bâzig گز arm; dappled (horse) 

bâzîband ﺪﻧ ﻪﺒﯾز bracelet 

be / without (for most compounds in 

other powerful states that had been 

victorious in the war 

bichkoł ڵﯚﮑ little, small 

bichûk کوﻮ small, little 

biłâw وÀــــــﺑ widespread; ~-kirdin v.t. to 

be-, see following element; note that spread, publish, publicize; ~ kirdin- 

there are a few be- compounds that do 

not occur without the prefix: they are 

awa v.t. to broadcast, publish; ~akirdin 

ندﺮـــــB ﻩوÀـــــﺑ 

v.t. to disperse, go 

listed alphabetically); ba ~ awaî (+ away: khałk biłâwayân kird the peo- 

subj.) without: ba be awaî biybînim 

without my seeing it 

be- = biye-, subj. of hâtin 

bechû وﻮﭽ ﺑ baby 

bedaratân نc ﻩرﻩﺪ 

ﺑ poor, unfortunate 

begâna ﻪﻧﺎﮕ ﺑ stranger, foreigner 

begâr رﺎﮕ ﺑ waste of time 

bejiga la v ﻪﮕﺠ ﺑ except for 

bekanâr رá ﻪﮑ ﺑ limitless, shoreless 

beł- «ﻴﺑ subj. of heshtin, for bíhełben- 

ﻦåﺑ subj. of henân, for bíhenbenzhîn 

ﻦa» ﺑ v.i. to sneeze 

besar-u-shwen ﻦــ§ ﻮــﺷورﻪــﺴــåــﺑ 

homeless, 

destitute 

beshik ﮏﺸåﺑ thicket 

Besitûn نوﻮـــ ﺘ8ﺴåﺑ ــ Behistun, the site where 

ple dispersed 

biłbił «ﺒkﺑ nightingale 

biłesa ﻪﺴåkﺑ fiery 

bilind ﺪﻨﻠﺑ high, exalted 

biłîmat تﻪـﻤــــ ;kﺑ genius, clever; ~î ﰏﻪـﻤــــ 

;kﺑ 

cleverness 

bilwer ﺮــ§ ﻮــﻠــﺑ 

reed flute; ~ le-dân to play 

the flute 

bin ﻦــñ bottom; ~amâł(a) ڵﺎــﻣﻪــﻨــﺑ family; 

~jor رﯚــﺠــﻨــﺑ curious, inquisitive; ~jorî 

یرﯚـﺠﻨﺑ ــ curiosity; ~mil ﻞـﻤـــ ûﺑ nape of the 

neck 

bina ﻪﻨﺑ baggage, belongings 

binâgha ﻪـôﺎــ ﻨﺑ foundation; ~ dâ-rishtin to 

lay a foundation 

binâr رﺎﻨﺑ mountain skirt, foothill 

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inesht ﺖﺸåﻨﺑ chewing gum 

binj ﺞﻨﺑ root 

binyâdam م ﻩدﺎ;¿ﺑ human 

binyât تﺎـــ ;¿ﺑ foundation; ~-nân v.t. to lay 

a foundation, to construct 

biř gـــــñ bit: biřèk âw’im da give me a bit 

birîq|adâr رادﻪـــﻘـــﯾﺮـــñ shiny; ~ân نﺎـــﻘـــﯾﺮـــñ 

birîqe- âﻘﯾﺮñ v.i. to shine, to sparkle 

birîtî ﱴﯾﺮñ = biretî 

biro ۆﺮñ eyebrow 

birrân 

of water; (2) piece (of wood): dû biř 

dâr bena bring two sticks of wood; 

(3) group: tûsh i biř a pyâwe bûm I 

met a group of men; (4) power, 

strength; ~-dân v.t. to flow: am rûbâra 

biř nâdâ this river doesn’t flow; ~kirdin 

v.t. to have strength: biř nâkam 

l’ am kefá sar kawim I can’t 

make it to the top of this mountain; to 

be effective: tâ châw ~-kât as far as 

the eye can see; ~ le-dân v.t. to shuffle 

(cards); tař u ~ gــــ وڕﻪــــﺗ 

drenched: 

kirâsakám tař u biř a my shirt’s 

drenched; la ~ altogether: bar i am 

gwezá la biř chand a? how much 

does this walnut tree produce altogether? 

biraw وﻩﺮــــــñ popularity; ~ paydâ-kirdin 

v.t. to be popular 

birâ اﺮñ brother; ~yâna ﻪﻧpاﺮñ brotherly 

biřân ناgñ. See biřrân. 

birdin ندﺮـــــñ ba- ﻪ ـــــﺑ 

(v.t., 3rd sing. pres. 

dabâ(t); impt. sing. (bi)bara) to take, 

carry; ~à sar رﻪـﺳ ﻪـﻧدﺮـñ 

to spend (time): 

am shawá l’era bibaynà sar let’s 

spend tonight here; dar-~ to endure 

biretî la v ﱴlﺮñ consisting of 

birinj ﱋﺮñ uncooked rice 

birinja ﻪﳒﺮñ copper 

biřisht ﺖـﺷgـñ fertile ground; power, ability 

biřist ﺖﺳgñ power 

birîn ﻦـﺮa ـñ 

wound; ~dâr راﺪـﻨﯾ ـﺮـñ 

wounded; 

~pech ﭻ¥Œﻨﯾﺮñ nurse 

biřîn ﻦـga ـñ 

biř- gـñ v.t. to cut; dar-~ to disclose, 

reveal; châw-~ la to be hopeful 

of; qsa pe-~ to interrupt: ba tundî 

qsakám pe biřî u gutim I quickly 

interrupted him and said 

1 نارﺮـــــــñ birre- ێرﺮـــــــñ passive of 

birdin in all senses; la nâw ~ to be 

done away with 

biřrân 2 SORANI KURDISH 

نارgــــــñ biřre- ێرg ــــــñ 

(passive of 

biřîn) (1) to be cut: ba tawir dâraká 

biřrâ the tree was cut with an ax; (2) 

to be finished, to be no more: nânmân 

la mâł biřrâ there is no more food in 

our house; ~awa to cease: tâwe bârân 

nábiř-râyawa the rain didn’t cease for 

a time; dâ-~ to cut off; hał-~ la to 

part from, get separated from: la dostakáy 

hałbiřrâ he parted from his 

friend 

birs|ân نﺎـﺳﺮـñ hunger; ~iyatî ﰏﻪـــ ﻴ8ﺳﺮـñ 

hunger; 

~î ﳻﺮــñ hungry: birsîma I’m hungry 

birwâ اوﺮــــñ belief; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to believe 

in; (2) permission; ~-dân v.t. to 

allow, let: diłim biřwâ nâdât châwim 

ba minâłî bikawe I don’t have the 

heart to look at his child; ~nâma 

ﻪﻣáاوﺮñ diploma 

biryâ pﺮـــــñ would that (+ past conditional): 

~ aw kâráy nakirdibâya would 

that he hadn’t done that 

biřyâr رpgـــــــñ decision; ~-dân v.t. to decide; 

~-nân v.t. to decide; la ~ 

henânà khwârawa to make one 

change one’s mind: hîch shitèk la 

biřyâr i khoy nayhenâyà khwârawa 

nothing could make him change his 

mind 

birzhân ناژﺮـــــــñ birzhe- ێژﺮـــــــñ v.i. to be 

roasted 

birzhândin نﺪــﻧاژﺮ ــñ 

birzhen- ﻦــ§ ژﺮــñ 

v.t. to 

roast 

birzhâng ﮓsاژﺮñ eyelash 

bitâqa ﻪﻗﺎﺘﺑ ticket 

biv ﭫﺑ buzz 

biwe ێﻮ ـﺑ 

(pres. subj. of wîstin, with pro- 

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nominal affix, e.g., -im biwe) 

biyânû وﻮﻧﺎﻴﺑ pretext 

biza ﻩﺰñ laugh, laughter 

bizâwtin ﻦéواﺰñ bizâw- واﺰñ v.t. to shake 

bizhâr-kirdin ـــB 

راﮋـــñ 


bîs- ﺲõﺑ pres. stem of bîstin 

bîst ﺖﺴõﺑ twenty 

bîstin ﱳﺴõﺑ bîs- ﺲõﺑ v.t. to hear 

bîstrân ناﱰـﺴõﺑ ـ ـ bîstre- ـﺴõﺑ ـ ـ 

ندﺮ v.t. to weed out, 

eradicate 

bizhârdin ندراﮋـñ bizher- ﺮـ§ ﮋـñ 

v.t. to weed 

out, eradicate; hał-~ to select, choose 

bizhîw ﻮﯾﮋñ substance 

bizin نﺰñ goat 

bizirk|ân نﰷرﺰـñ bizirke- âـﮐرﺰـ ñ v.t. to lose; 

rang hał-~ân to lose color, grow 

pale; rang-hał~âw وﰷرﱫــTﻪــﻬــﮕ ــsﻩر 

pale, 

“white as a sheet” (with fright) 

bizmâr رﺎـﻣﺰـñ nail; ~-kirdin v.t. to nail; ~krân 

v.p. to be nailed 

bizûtin ﻦــــéووﺰــــñ bizû- ووﺰــــñ v.i. to move, 

budge, stir 

bizw|ân ناوﺰــــñ bizwe- ێوﺰــــñ v.i. to shake 

(int.), quiver; ~ândin نﺪــﻧاوﺰــñ bizwen- 

ﻦـ§ وﺰـñ 

v.t. to shake (trs.); ~enar رﻪـﻨl 

ـوﺰـñ 

quivering, tremulous 

bizwen ﻦ§وﺰñ vowel 

bîbila É ـــ mõﺑ, 

bîbîla Éــــ ;“ﻴﺑ pupil (of the eye): 

la bîbila i châwî pitir khosh dawîst he 

was the apple of his eye 

bîn ﲔــــﺑ breath; ~-keshân v.t. to hold the 

breath; ~akeshî ﯽــﺸــــ å ﮐﻪــــــ 

û õ ﺑ holding the 

breath 

bînar ر ﻪûõﺑ viewer 

bîndrân نارﺪـــ ûõﺑ bîndre- ێرﺪـــ ûõﺑ v.p. to be 

seen 

bînîn ﲔـــــــــ ¿ ﻴ ﺑ bîn- ﲔـــﺑ v.t. to see (see also 

dîn) 

bîr 1 ﲑـﺑ memory, mind; ~-kirdin(awa) la 

to think of; ba ~’dâ hâtin to remember: 

wâm ba bîr’dâ hât ka… I remembered 

that…; ba ~ henânawa to remind; 

la ~ bûn to remember: awânim 

la bîrin I remember them; la ~ chûn 

to forget; la ~ mân to remain in the 

memory; ~henânawa ﻩوﻪــﻧﺎــﻨــ ــﻫﲑــﺑ 

reminder; 

~urâ اڕوﲑـــﺑ thinking (darbâra 

i about) 

bîr 2 ێﱰ v.p. to be 

heard 

bo ﯚــــــــــــﺑ to, for; why?, what for?; ~ chi 

why?, what for?; ~ awaî (+ subj.) in 

order that 

bo-chûn نوﻮــﭼﯚــﺑ v.i. to think, to have an 

opinion; bochûn opinion 

boga ﻪـﮔﯚـﺑ malodorous plants that animals 

will not eat 

bokho ﯚﺧﯚﺑ selfish; ~î selfishness 

bołaboł ڵﯚﺑ ﻪTﯚﺑ roaring, rumbling 

bon نﯚــــﺑ smell; ~-kirdin v.t. to smell, to 

smell bad, to stink 

bona ﻪـﯚﻧ ـﺑ 

cause, pretext; ba ~ i …awa on 

the occasion of 

bor رﯚﺑ gray 

boř 

ﲑﺑ water well 

1 ڕﯚﺑ wave; ~-khwârdin v.t. to swell 

boř 2 ڕﯚـــــــﺑ loss (at a game); ~-khwârdin 

v.t. to lose (game): bořit khwârd you 

lost; ~-dân v.t. to beat (at a game): 

bořim dây(t) I beat you 

bora ﻩرﯚــــــــــــــﺑ ignoble; fallow, infertile; 

~pyâg گﺎــ ﻴﭘﻩرﯚـﺑ 

common peron, person 

of no name or consequence 

borân نارﯚﺑ storm 

bořân ناڕﯚــﺑ mooing of cows; bleating of 

sheep 

bosh شﯚﺑ empty 

bota ﻪﺗﯚﺑ = bûwata. See bûn. 

bóya ﻪﯾﯚﺑ for that reason 

boyâkh خpﯚﺑ shoe polish 

boynbâgh غﺎm¿ﯾﯚﺑ necktie 

brâ اﺮñ = birâ 

Brîtânyâ ﺎـــﻴـــﻧﺎـــﺘـــﯾﺮـــñ Britain; ~ yi Kabîr 

ﲑﺑ ﻪﮐ یﺎﻴﻧﺎﺘﯾﺮñ Great Britain 

bukhcha ﻪ¬ﺧﻮﺑ bundle 

bukhtân نﺎـµﺧ ـ ﻮـﺑ 

slander; ~-kirdin ba v.t. 

to slander; ~-rek-khistin bo v.t. to 

make up slander about: ~èk i gawra’y 

bo kichaká rek-khist he made up great 

slander about the girl 

bulbul لﻮﺒﻟﻮﺑ nightingale 

173

uwârdin ندراوﻮﺑ = bwârdin 

bûchik ﮏ وﻮﺑ little, small 

bûk کوﻮﺑ bride; doll, puppet 

bûł ڵوﻮﺑ ashes 

bûmalarza ﻩزر vﻪﻣوﻮﺑ 

earthquake 

bûn نوﻮـــــﺑ b- (v.i., past perf. bibû) to be, 

chanachan-kirdin ندﺮــB نﻪــ 

ﻪــﻧﻪــ 

v.t. to 

talk at length, chatter 

chanâga ﻪﮔá ﻪ chin 

chand ﺪــــــﻧﻪــــــ how much?, how many? 

(usually followed by indef. sing.): ~ 

rozhèk how many days?; few, several: 

to become, to happen: agar bet u (+ 

subj) if it should happen that…; ~awa 

to be repeated, happen again: …èk 

nabetawa a unique …; ~awa la to be 

aw chand rozhá those few days 

chap پ ﻪ left: dast i ~ left hand 

chapał ڵ ﻪﭘﻪ 

filthy; ~î filth 

chapła ﻪــ kﭘﻪـ 

applause; ~-ledân bo v.t. to 

done with, be finished with; ~ ba to applaud for: khałk chapła’yân bo ledâ 

become: aw bû ba pâshâ he became the people applauded for him; ~rezân 

king; ~ u na~ to be almost, not to 

quite be: bayânî rozh bûwa u nabûwa 

applause 

chapok کﯚـــﭘﻪـــ slap; ~-keshân ba sar i 

in the morning when it was not quite 

daylight; (d)ábe(t) (+ subj.) must: 

… v.t. to slap on the head 

chaqân نﺎـﻗﻪـ chaqe- ’ ﻪـ 

v.i. to sink to/ 

dabe royshtibe he must have gone 

bûř ڕوﻮﺑ = bûł 

bûrdin ندروﻮــــﺑ bûr- روﻮــــﺑ v.t. to forgive: 

into the ground: rîshakân chaqân the 

roots sank into the earth; ~din نﺪـﻧﺎـﻗﻪـ 

chaqen- ﻦــــــــ å ﻗﻪــــ 

v.t. to stick into the 

bímbûra excuse me 

bûzhân ناژوﻮــﺑ bûzhe- ێژوﻮــﺑv.t. to grow, 

ground: nezay da zawî chaqând he 

stuck his lance into the ground; hałsprout; 

~awa to flourish, enjoy life 

bwâra ﻩراﻮﺑ front (military) 

bwârdin ندراﻮــــﺑ bwer- ﺮــــ§ ﻮــــﺑ 

v.t. to pass 

(time); râ-~ to spend (time): khoshmân 

râbwârd we had a good time; 

khosh’î râbwârdûa he enjoyed life; 

mâwayèk râbwârd a period of time 

~din da to scratch: diřkekî te hałchaqândim 

a thorn scratched me 

chaqîn ﲔﻗ ﻪ = chaqân 

chaqo ﯚﻗ ﻪ knife 

chařchařa ﻩڕ ﻪ ڕﻪ 

crank 

charkh خرﻪـــــــــ wheel; cigarette lighter; 

century; ~-u-khul لﻮــــﺧ و خرﻪــــ 

twist 

passed 

byânî ﱏﺎﻴﺑ foreign 

and turn 

charmasare ێرﻪـﺳﻪـﻣرﻪـ suffering, hard- 

chak کﻪـــــــــــــــ weapon, arms; ~badast 

armed; ba ~awa ﻩوﻪــﮐﻪــ ﻪــﺑ 

armed; be~ 

ship 

chashma ﻪﴰ ﻪ sleight-of-hand trick 

chashn ﻦــﺷﻪــ sort, type; manner: b’ am 

unarmed 

chakhmâkh خﲈﺧ ﻪ flint, lighter 

chakma ﻪﳈ ﻪ boot 

chakush شﻮB ﻪ hammer 

chal ل ﻪ time; galèk ~ân many times 

chałama ﻪـﻣﻪـTﻪـ quandry, dilemma: tang 

u ~ i awa’m kawtà bar I was caught 

in a real dilemma 

cham م ﻪ river, stream 

cham|ândin نﺪـﻧﺎـﻣﻪـ chamen- ﻦــ åﻣﻪـ 

v.t. 

to bend, curve; ~înawa ﻩوﻪـــ ﻨ;ﻣﻪـ 

v.i. to 

bend over, bow 

chashná in this way; hama~a of 

every sort, miscellaneous 

chata ﻪﺗ ﻪ highway robber 

chatâł ڵcﻪــــــــــ fork; a wooden or metal 

fork on which a gun is set for stability 

chaw 1 و ﻪ gravel, sand 

chaw 2 SORANI KURDISH 

و ﻪ = châw 

chawr روﻪـــــــــــــ grease; ~-kirdin v.t. to 

grease, slick down 

chaws|ân نﺎــﺳوﻪــ chawse- âــﺳوﻪــ v.i. to 

suffer; ~ândin نﺪــــﻧﺎــــﺳوﻪــــ chawsen- 

ﻦـــåـــﺳوﻪـــ v.t. to torment; ~ândinawa 

174


ﻩو ﻪﻧﺪﻧﺎﺳوﻪ 

torture, torment, tyranny 

châ ﺎ well 

châdir ردﺎ tent 

châk کﺎـــــ good; ~-bûnawa to recover; 

wit pe hałdene she is envious of you; 

~-hał-takândin v.t. to motion with 

the eye and eyebrow; ~-lek-nân v.t. 

to close the eyes; ~-qûchândin v.t. to 

~-kirdin to make good, fix, restore; close the eyes; ~-spî-kirdin v.t. to 

~a good deed; la ~a darchûn to re- make someone weep (over a death): 

pay a kindness: tâ mâwim la châkat châwit spî da-kam “you’ll be sorry 

darnâchim as long as I live I’ll never when I’m dead”; bar~ kawtin to be 

be able to repay your kindness; ~kirdinawa 

ﻩو ﻪﻧدﺮBکﺎ 

improvement 

châkata ﻪﺗ ﻪﮐò jacket 

châł ڵﺎـــــــ pit: har kas ~e bo khałkî hałkane, 

bo khoy te dakawe he who digs 

a pit for another falls into it (“hoisted 

on his own pitard”); ~âw وüﺎ well 

châlâk کﻻﺎــــــــــــ nimble, quick; useful; 

right; ~î ﰽﻻﺎ effort, effectiveness 

châłma ﻪﻤTﺎ tobacco pouch; alarm clock 

chândin نﺪﻧﺎ chen- ﻦå v.t. to plant 

châp پﺎـ printing; ~khâna ﻪـﻧﺎـÿﭘ ـﺎـ 

printing 

house, publishing house; la ~ 

seen, spotted: pařèk i jwân’î barchâw 

kawt he spotted a beautiful feather; la 

bar ~ bûn to be clear, obvious 

châwa ﻩوﺎ spring 

châwaře ێڕﻩوﺎــــــ expectant, waiting; ~kirdin 

ندﺮــB ێڕﻩوﺎــ 

v.t. to wait for: ba 

je’m hesht ba be awaî châwaře i bâqî 

i pârakám bikam I left him without 

waiting for my change 

châwařwân-kirdin ندﺮـــB ناوڕﻩوﺎـــ 

v.t. to 

wait for 

châwařwânî ﱏاوڕ ﻩوﺎ expectation 

châwbałak کﻪــTﻪــﺑوﺎــ person with black 

drân v.p. to be printed 

châr رﺎ = châra 

châra ﻩرﺎـ help, remedy; be~ ﻩرﺎـ¬ ــﺑ 

helpless; 

~-kirdin v.t. to remedy; ~sar 

رﻪــــﺳﻩرﺎــــ remedy; ~sar-kirdin v.t. to 

remedy 

chârak کﻩرﺎـ quarter: ~ saâtèk a quarter 

of an hour 

châraka ﻪﮐ ﻩرﺎ = chârok 

châranûs سوﻮﻧ ﻩرﺎ fate 

chârok کۆرﺎ woman’s shawl 

châw وﺎـــ eye; expectation; ~ garm kirdin 

v.t. to take a nap; ~ kawtin ba v.i. 

to see: châwim pey dakawt I used to 

eyes and white skin 

châwbast ﺖﺳ ﻪﺑوﺎ blindfold, deception 

châwchinok کﯚûﭼوﺎ miserly, stingy 

châwenî ﲎlوﺎ evil eye 

châwga ﻪﮔوﺎ view, scenery 

châwîlka ﻪﮑﻠﯾوﺎ eyeglasses 

châwlabar ر ﻪﺑvوﺎ 

expectant 

châwladwâ اود vوﺎ hopeful 

châwpekawtin ﻦéو ﻪﮑ ﭘوﺎ interview 

châwqâyim ﱘﺎﻗوﺎ impudent, bold 

châwrûnî ﱏووروﺎـ good news, congratulations 

châwtârîk ﮏaرcوﺎ pessimist 

châwtirsen ﻦــ åﺳﺮـéوﺎـ 

a lesson learned; ~- 

see him; ~ sûr-kirdinawa la v.t. to 

glare at: kârakar châw’î le sûr kirdimawa 

the servant glared at me; ~biřîn 

la v.t. to be hopeful of; ~kirdin 

v.t. to teach a lesson 

châwyâr رpوﺎ watchman 

chây یﺎ tea; ~khâna ﻪﻧﺎﳜﺎ teahouse 

che-kirdin ندﺮــــــB âــــــﭼ 

v.t. to fix, make, 

gařândin v.t. to look around; ~-geřân 

= châw-gařândin; ~-hał-hâtin la v.i. 

build 

chek, har ﮏ ــ ¥ﭼ رﻪـﻫ 

(for har chièk) every 

to approve of: châwim hałnâye la kâr 

i wâ nâhaq I don’t approve of such a 

dishonest thing; ~-hał-henân ba v.t. 

to envy, afflict with the evil eye: châ- 

thing 

chen- ﻦå pres. stem of chândin 

chesht ﺖﺸå lunch 

chezh- ﮋå pres. stem of chishtin 

175


chi ( 1) 

چ what? (interrogative pronoun); chirpândin نﺪـﻧﺎـﭘﺮـ ﭼ chirpen- ﻦــ åﭘﺮـﭼ 

v.t. to 

(2) that which (relative pronoun); (3) 

thing: chiyân nâbe they have noth- 

whisper 

chirt تﺮـــﭼ noise, sound; ~a~ تﺮـــﭼﻪـــﺮﺗ 

ـــﭼ 

ing; bo awaî ~ (+ subj.) in order that; 

chi…chi whether…or: chi râst u chi 

commotion, uproar 

chiryâ pﺮ ـــــــــــــﭼ: 

~eke October; ~didwâ 

diro whether right or wrong 

chikân نﲀـــــﭼ v.i. to drip; to dry up (of a 

well or spring); ~awa ﻩوﻪــــﻧﲀــــﭼ v.t. to 

thicken (of liquids) 

chil ﻞ forty 

chił « branch, stalk 

chiłakân نﰷﻪــ k chiłake- âـﮐﻪــ k v.i.: dâ-~ 

to be shocked; dâ-~din chiłaken- v.t. 

to shock; râ-~ v.i. to be shocked 

chiłkin ﻦﮑk dirty, unclean; dark (cloud) 

chilon نﯚــــ ﻠ how: estâ dazânî rûdâwaká 

chilon bûwa now you know how the 

November 

chishtin ﱳــﺸــﭼ chezh- ﮋــåــ v.t. to taste, 

experience 

chit ﺖﭼ thing (= shit) 

chito ﯚµﭼ how? 

chî ﯽﭼ = chi 

chîn ﲔــــ generation; wrinkle; China; ~î 

ﲎ;ﭼ Chinese 

chîř-bûnawa ﻩو ﻪﻧوﻮﺑ › v.i. to snarl 

chîřok کۆ› ــــــ story; ~vân ناﻮــــــBۆ› 

ــــــ 

storyteller 

chîtir ﱰ ــ ;ﭼ (= hîch i tir): … nabe ~ niya 

event was 

chimcha ﻪ¬¤ spoon 

chinândin نﺪــﻧﺎــûــﭼ chinen- ﻦــåــûــﭼ v.t. to 

mend, patch 

ching ﮓûﭼ claw, talon 

chingâł ڵﺎﮕûﭼ fork 

chinîn ﲔــــــــــــ û ﭼ v.t. to weave; to reap; to 

pick (fruit); to pile up; hał-~ v.t. to 

pile up; tang ~ ba to hold tight; to 

squeeze tightly; to squeeze the life of 

is nothing but … 

chok کﯚـــــﭼ knee; ~ dâ-dân v.t. to kneel 

down 

choł ڵﯚــــــــﭼ desert, wilderness; ~-kirdin 

v.t. to desert, vacate a place; ~awân(î) 

ﱏاوﻪـTﯚـﭼ wilderness; ~parist ﺖـﺳرﻪـﭙT 

ـﯚـﭼ 

nomad, desert dweller 

chołaka ﻪﮐ ﻪTﯚﭼ sparrow 

chom مﯚﭼ river 

chon نﯚــــــــﭼ how?: chonî how are you?; 

out s.th. 

chipa u sirta ﻪﺗﴎ و ﻪ‹ﭼ whispering 

chipândin نﺪﻧﺎ‹ﭼ = chirpândin 

chiř ( 1) 

gـﭼ 

dense (forest): dâristânèk i ~ 

a dense forest; (2) firm, unyielding: ~ 

what sort of: wara bitbînim chon pyâwèkî 

come let me see what kind of 

man you are; ~èk ﮏـــ ـــﯚﻧ 

ـــﭼ 

somehow: 

har chonèk be somehow or other; ~etî 

ﱴ ــ åﻧﯚـﭼ 

= ~iyatî; ~iyatî ﰏﻪـﻴﻧ ـﯚـﭼ 

manner, 

darpeya he’s standing firm; (3) steep: (+ inf.) how to: shaw u rozh la marâq 

shâkhèk i ~ a steep mountain; (4) i chonetî i daskawtin i am kich i shâ i 

song: ~e bichira sing a song; ~-dân parîâná’dâ bû day and night he was 

to tie tight: ~î da bâ nakire-tawa tie it wondering how to get hold of this 

tight so it won’t come loose; ~ u 

châw face: ~ u châwit bisho wash 

your face 

chirâ اﺮﭼ lamp 

chiřândin نﺪـﻧاgـﭼ chiřen- ﻦـ§ gـﭼ 

v.t. to rip, 

daughter of the king of the peris; ~ka 

ﻪﮑsﯚﭼ because, since 

chonar ر ﻪﻧﯚﭼ beet 

choqân نﺎــﻗﯚــﭼ choqe- ’ﯚــﭼ v.i. to sizzle; 

to tremble; ~din نﺪـﻧﺎـﻗ ﯚـﭼ 

choqen- ﻦــ 

åﻗﯚـﭼ 

tear; to call out to someone 

chirch چﺮـــــﭼ wrinkle: ~ hałhâtûa it’s all 

wrinkled 

chiřîn ﻦagﭼ v.t. to sing 

v.t. to heat oil to the sizzling point; to 

tremble 

choř ڕﯚــــﭼ drop, drip; ~ânawa ﻩوﻪــــﻧاڕﯚــــﭼ 

choře- ێڕﯚـــــــــــﭼ v.i. to drip, to fall in 

176

drops; ~âwga ﻪﮔواڕﯚﭼ trickle of blood 

chortka ﻪﮑéرﯚﭼ abacus 

chotà ﻪﺗﯚﭼ = chûwatà. See chûn. 

chukłaqulâp پﻻﻮﻗ ﻪkﮐﻮﭼ fishing rod 

chúnka ﻪﮑsﻮﭼ = chónka 

churt ترﻮﭼ nap; ~-dân v.t. to take a nap 

chûk کوﻮـــــــــــﭼ pinnacle of a mountain; 

foreskin; small, small amount: ~a 

tawizhmèk a little pressure; boundary 

chûn نوﻮــــــــﭼ ch- v.i. to go; ~ ba to pass 

(of time): baynèk’î pe chû some time 

passed (for him/her); min darom— 

chand rozhèk’im pe dache I’m going—I’ll 

be gone for a few days; ~ la 

to look like: har la kuř a pâshâ’yân 

dache he looks just like a prince to 

them; dar-~ to turn out, come out; to 

run off/away; te hał-~ to get started; 

~à darawa to go out(side) 

chûnka ﻪﮑsوﻮﭼ = chonka 

chûz زوﻮـــــــــــــﭼ straight line; circle; line, 

queue 

chûza ﻩزوﻮﭼ stinger (insect) 

chûzân نازوﻮـــــــﭼ chûze- ێزوﻮـــــــﭼ v.i. to 

burn, sting (as sun-burned skin) 

chwâr راﻮــــــﭼ four; ~am مﻩراﻮــــــﭼ fourth; 

~mashqî ﯽـﻘﺷ ـ ﻪـﻣراﻮـﭼ 

crosslegged; ~pal 

لﻪـﭘراﻮـﭼ quadruped; ~shamma ﻪـﳑﻪـﺷراﻮـﭼ 

Wednesday; ~shâna ﻪـــﻧﺎـــﺷراﻮـــﭼ broadshouldered 

chyâ ﺎ;ﭼ mountain 

da 1 ﻩد particle occurring with imperative 

da 2 ﻩد (prep., with pre- or postposed 

pronominal encl., te) in, into, on 

da 3 wirch چرو ﻪTﻩد 

she-bear 

dalasa ﻪﺳ vﻩد 

exaggeration 

dalâqa ﻪﻗﻻ ﻩد shelf, trap door 

dalîl ﻞﻴﻟ ﻩد reason, reasoning 

dam 

ﻩد ten; ~ham م ﻪﻫﻩد 

tenth 

da- ﻩد habitual and progressive verbal 

prefix 

dabân ن ﻩد steel 

dafr ﺮﻓ ﻩد pot 

dak ک ﻩد expletive of amazement 

dakhîl ﻞــ ;ﺧﻩد 

one taken under protection; 

~itim ﱲﻠ;ﺧ ﻩد please, I beg you 

dał ڵﻩد the female of many animals, 

she-; ~adew ﻮــــlدﻪــــTﻩد she-demon; ~a- 

1 مﻩد moment; ba ~ …awa while, 

during: ba ~ pekanînawa while laughing; 

~e at once; ~èk-a/bû for a while, 

zor damèk a/bû for a long time 

dam 2 مﻩد mouth; ~-kirdin v.t. to speak; 

~ kut-kirdin v.t. to silence, cut s.o. 

off; ba ~awa girtin v.t. to mention, 

speak of; la ~awa dâ-nân v.t. to give 

birth to; la ~ dân v.t. to embarrass; 

~aqâłe âـTﺎـﻗﻪـﻣﻩد verbal quarrel; ~ataqe 

’ ﻪـــــــــﺗﻪـــــــــﻣﻩد 

dialogue, conversation; 

~pârâw وارﺎــ ‹ﻣﻩد 

eloquent, well-spoken; 

~qiře ێgـــﻘـــﻣﻩد verbal quarrel; ~tang ﻩد 

ﮓـــsﻪـــµ ـــﻣ 

narrow-necked; ba sar ~’dâ 

face down; la bar~ i …(’dâ) in front 

of, before 

dam 3 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY 

مﻩد power; ~-u-dazgâ i dawłatî مﻩد 

ﰏﻪـTوﻩد ىﺎـﮔزﻩد 

و state apparatus, government 

administration; ~-u-dû وود و مﻩد 

power of expression; cleverness 

damałqopân نﺎــﭘﯚــﻘــTﻪــﻣﻩد baggy Kurdish 

trousers 

damâr رﺎـــــــﻣﻩد vein, root: am bardá, damârî 

la khâk’dâ ya this rock is firmly 

rooted in the ground 

danâ á ﻩد otherwise, if not 

dang ﮓـsﻩد sound, voice; vote; ~-dân v.t. 

to vote; ~-dânawa v.t. to reverberate, 

echo; ~a~ ﮓـsﻩدﻪـﮕs ـﻩد 

noise, outcry; be~ 

ﮓs ﻩﺪ ﺑ silent; be~î ﯽﮕs ﻩﺪ ﺑ silence 

danûk کوﻮﻧ ﻩد bird’s beak 

daqîqa ﻪﻘ;ﻗ ﻩد minute 

dar رﻩد out; ba ~awa out, outside; ~è 

ێرﻩد outside; hâtinà ~e v.i. to come 

out, turn out 

dar- رﻩد cmpd. vb. agent, see dar-birîn, 

dar-chûn, dar-henân, dar-kawtin; ~kirdin 

v.t. to put out 

dara ﻩرﻩد valley; ~bag گﻪـــــــــﺑﻩرﻩد feudal 

lord; ~bagî ﯽــﮔﻪــﺑﻩرﻩد feudal, feudal period 

177

daraja ﻪê ﻩرﻩد 

rank, degree 

darakî ﰽﻩرﻩد estranged, foreigner, stranger; 

bûn ba ~ to be “out in the cold” 

darâmat ت ﻪﻣارﻩد 

income 

darbadar رﻩدﻪــــــرﺑ ﻩد homeless; ~î homelessness 

darbâra i ی ﻩر رﻩد 

about, concerning 

darbâz ز ر ﻪﺑ delivered, saved 

darbiřîn ﻦـga ـرñ 

ﻪـﺑ 

confession, plain speaking 

dar-chûn la qsa i … یﻪــﺴــﻗ v نوﻮــﭼرﻩد 

to 

disobey 

dard درﻩد pain, trouble; ~-dân ba to give 

trouble to: dardèkî pe dâyn it gave us 

some trouble; dard i sar رﻪـــــــــﺳ 

یدرﻩد 

headache, trouble 

darenân نﺎﻨlر ﻩد = dar-henân 

darfat ت ﻪﻓرﻩد 

opportunity 

dargâ ﺎـــــﮔرﻩد door; la ~ drân for a knock 

to come at a door: la dargâ dadre 

there comes a knock at the door 

darhaq ق ﻪﻫرﻩد 

with regard to 

dark کر ﻩد door 

darkhwârd i یدراﻮﺧر ﻩد worthy of 

darmân نﺎـــــﻣرﻩد medicine, remedy; gunpowder; 

~khâna ﻪـﻧﺎـﳔﺎـﻣرﻩد pharmacy; ~ 

i behoshî ﳽﯚــــﻬــــ ــــﺑ 

ﱏﺎــــﻣرﻩد 

knock-out 

drops, sleeping potion 

dar-pařândin نﺪﻧاڕ ﻪﭘرﻩد. 

See pařândin. 

dar-pařendrân نارﺪ ــﻨــlڕﻪــ ﭘرﻩد. 

See pařendrân. 

darpe âä ـــــﭘرﻩد, 

darpî ﯽäـــــﭘرﻩد underwear, 

drawers 

dars سرﻩد lesson; ~-dân v.t. to teach; ~khwendin 

v.t. to study 

daru ورﻩد narrow valley; ~yek-girtin la 

v.t. to put someone in a tight spot 

darûn نوور ﻩد interior, inside 

darwesh ﺶــــــــ‚ ورﻩد 

dervish; ~î of or pertaining 

to dervishes: jil u barg i darweshî 

dervish costume 

darz 1 زر ﻩد crack 

darz 2 SORANI KURDISH 

dasbaje âﺟ ﻪﺒ8ﺳﻩد 

= dastbaje 

dasht ﺖــﺷﻩد desert, plain; ~akî ﰽﻪــﺘــــ 

8 ﺷﻩد 

villager 

dast ﺖـــــــــﺳﻩد hand, arm (verbal expressions 

involving dast are given below; 

for all other compounds, see alphabetically); 

ba ~ henân v.t. to get, acquire; 

ba ~ gayshtin v.i. to come to 

hand, to be received; ~ ba âw gayândin 

v.t. to go to the bath-room; ~ bardân 

la to cease: dastî la kâr bardâ he 

stopped working; ~ biłind-kirdin v.t. 

to resist; ~-birdin bo v.t. to fiddle 

with, to stretch out the hand for; ~bizâw-tin 

v.t. to poke, push; ~ bo 

dam meager existence, hand-tomouth; 

~-dânà …awa v.t. to undertake, 

carry out: dastim dâyà payjoîèk i 

zortir-awa I carried out more research; 

~drezhî kirdinà sar v.t. to 

rape, violate; ~ hał-girtin la v.t. to 

quit, leave alone: dastim le hałgrin 

leave me alone; ~-kawtin v.i. to get, 

acquire; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to reach for; 

to start (+ inf): dastî kird ba pekanîn 

he started laughing; ~-kirdinà … to 

put one’s hand/arm on/around: dastî 

kirdà mil i bâwikî he put his arm 

around his father’s neck; ~ la pisht 

dân v.t. to pat on the back, to encourage; 

~ pân-kirdinawa v.t. to beg; 

~ pe-kirdin (+ inf.) to begin, start 

(do-ing): khwendin i khoy dast pe-kird 

he began studying; ~ pewa girtin v.t. 

to save, be frugal; ~-nân ba rû…awa 

to turn someone away; ~-parzhân v.i. 

to have an opportunity: dastit daparzhe 

kâre-kim bo bikay? do you have 

the time to do something for me? 

dastim nâparzhe I don’t have the 

زر ﻩد = dars 

das- سﻩد for all words beginning with 

time, I can’t get to it; ~-qutân to 

grope; ~-qûchândin v.t. to be stingy; 

~ tekał-kirdin lagał to have carnal 

relations with; ~ u dił yekî-girtin v.t. 

das-, see under dast 

to be at ease, have peace of mind: 

178


khałk îtir dast u dił’yân yekî nadagirt 

the people no longer had any peace of 

mind; ~-washândin v.t. to wave; la 

dastnakhurda ﻩدرﻮﺧ ﻪûnﺳﻩد 

untouched 

dastnûs سوﻮûnﺳ ﻩد manuscript 

dastnwezh ﮋــ§ ﻮــûــــ 

n ﺳﻩد 

ablutions; ~-girtin 

bar ~ i …dâ in front of, in the presence 

of, with 

dast- ﺖﺳ ﻩد for dawast- (see wastân) 

dasta ﻪـــــﺘــــــــــ 8 ﺳﻩد 

bunch, group, set; ~-udâyara 

ﻩر ﻪﯾاد و ﻪﺘ8ﺳﻩد 

retinue 

dastabar ر ﻪﺑﻪﺘ8ﺳﻩد 

guarantor 

dastałât تüﻪـــﺘــــــ 8 ﺳﻩد 

authority; ~dâr authority, 

one in authority; be~î lack of 

authority 

dastamo ﯚﻣ ﻪﺘ8ﺳﻩد 

tame 

dastasiř gﺳ ﻪﺘ8ﺳﻩد 

handkerchief 

dastaw-azhno ﯚــژﻧ ﻪــﺋوﻪــﺘ 

ــــ 8 ﺳﻩد 

grieving, bereaved 

dastawâna ﻪﻧاو ﻪﺘ8ﺳﻩد 

glove 

dastândast ﺖــﺳﻩﺪــﻧﺎــــــ ﺘ 8 ﺳﻩد 

nearby, next to 

one another: gund i ema u gund i ewa 

v.t. to make ablutions (for prayer) 

dastpař ڕ ﻪ‹nﺳﻩد 

masturbation 

dastpiř gŒﺘ8ﺳ ﻩد rich 

dasttang ﮓs ﻪµnﺳﻩد 

poor 

dast-u-dû وودﻮﺘ8ﺳ ﻩد physical prowess 

dastûr روﻮﺘ8ﺳ ﻩد constitution 

dastwâłâ üاﻮﺘ8ﺳ ﻩد empty-handed 

dawan ن ﻩوﻩد 

bush 

dawâ اوﻩد medicine; ~ u darmân medication 

and remedy 

dawâm-kirdin ندﺮـــــB ماوﻩد 

v.t. to last, endure 

dawâr راو ﻩد nomadic tent; tent material 

dawl لو ﻩد drum 

dawłamand ﺪﻧ ﻪﻣﻪTوﻩد 

rich 

dawłat تﻪـــــTوﻩد wealth; state; ~î ﰏﻪـــــTوﻩد 

~in your village and ours are next to 

each other 

dastâw وﺎﺘ8ﺳ ﻩد bathroom, toilet 

dastâwdast ﺖــﺳﻩدوﺎــﺘــــ 8 ﺳﻩد 

from hand to 

state (adj.), governmental 

dawr روﻩد era, time; ~bar gařân to go 

around, about; ~-geřân v.t. to turn 

circles; ~ u pisht i around (prep.); ba 

hand, from one person to another 

dastâwez ﺰ§وﺎﺘ8ﺳ ﻩد pretext; gift 

dastbaje âﺟ ﻪmnﺳﻩد 

immediately, at once 

dastbarsar رﻪـــﺳرﻪـــmــــــ n ﺳﻩد 

under surveillance; 

under guard 

dastbasta ﻪـﺘ8ﺳ ــ ﻪـــ 

mnﺳﻩد 

hands tied, incapa- 

~ …dâ around (prep.) 

dawra ﻩروﻩد circle; ~-dân v.t. to surround: 

dawra’yân dâbû they had him 

surrounded 

dawrân ناروﻩد era, epoch; a long period 

of time; circuit, circle; ~-kirdin ba 

ble, unable, total surrender 

dastbatâł ڵc ﻪmnﺳﻩد 

idle 

dastbiłâw وÀmnﺳ ﻩد spendthrift 

dastbiř …ــﺘــــ 8 ﺳﻩد 

one who fools or plays a 

trick 

dastdrezh ﮋـ§ رﺪـــ 

ﺘ8ﺳﻩد 

aggressive, usurper, 

influential 

dastgir-bûn نوﻮــﺑ ﺮــﮕــﺘــــ 

8 ﺳﻩد 

v.i. to be ac- 

v.t. to take a turn on (a horse) 

dawrî یرو ﻩد plate 

day ی ﻩد hey, c’mon, look here 

daz ز ﻩد = dast: ~baje immediately, at 

once; ~gâ ﺎـــــــــــــﮔزﻩد apparatus; ~gîrân 

ناﲑﮔز ﻩد fiancé 

dazu وز ﻩد thread 

dâ- اد compound verbal prefix, for dâquired: 

hîchyân das(t)gîr nâbe they kirdin only see alphabetically below; 

acquire nothing, they wind up with for other compound verbs see under 

nothing 

dasthaq ق ﻪﳤ8ﺳﻩد 

wage 

dastik ﮏﺘ8ﺳ ﻩد handle, grip; bunch 

dastkârî-kiran ناﺮــB یرﲀــﺘــــ 

8 ﺳﻩد 

v.p. to be 

the verbal element: dâ-bazîn, dâ-dân, 

dâ-diřîn, dâ-gîrân, dâ-hâtin, dâkanin, 

dâ-khistin, dâ-nawândin, dânân, 

dâ-nîshtin, dâ-mazrândin, dâ- 

tampered with 

dastkhat ت ﻪÿﺘ8ﺳﻩد 

handwriting 

rinân, dâ-rizân, dâ-rizhândin 

’dâ اد (postposition with the preposition 

179

la) in, at: l’ewa’dâ there, in that place; 

l’ aw sa‘âtá’dâ at that time; (’dâ contracts 

to ’á, particularly after nasals) 

la dił i khom’â witim I said to myself 

dâbash شﻩداد portion, division; ~kirdin 

v.t. to divide; ~-krânà sar v.p. 

to be divided into; ~udâbir-kirdin ﻪـﺑاد 

ندﺮB gñادوش 

v.t. to divide and slice up 

dâbîn-kirdin ندﺮـــB ﲔـــﺑاد 

v.t. to assemble, 

arrange 

dâd داد justice; ~-dân v.t. to give justice; 

to be just; to work out for: aw dâdî 

nadâyn it didn’t work out for us 

dâdga ﻪــﮔداد court: ~ i harabarz supreme 

court 

dâgh غاد searing hot, scar; grief; ~kirdin 

v.t. to sear, brand, scar 

dâgir i یﺮﮔ‰د inclusive of, comprising 

dâgîr-kirdin ندﺮـــــB ﲑـــــﮔ‰د 

v.t. to occupy, 

usurp, take by force, oppress; ~kar 

ر ﻪﮐﲑﮔ‰د oppressor, oppressive 

dâkh خاد grief; la ~ân نﺎLاد v in grief 

dâkhwâzînâma ﻪﻣﺎﻨﯾزاﻮﺧاد application 

dâ-kirdin ندﺮـــB اد v.t. (1) to start raining: 

bârân dây kird it started raining; (2) 

to put animals in a stable: ḥaywânakânim 

dâ kird I stabled the animals; (3) 

to pour grain in a bin: ganimaká’m 

dâkird I poured the grain (into the 

bin) 

dâł ڵاد an opened seed pod 

dâm ماد: ~ u dazgâ ﺎـــﮔزﻩد و ماد apparatus, 

power, authority 

dâmâwî یوﺎﻣاد tribulation 

dâmen ﻦــåــﻣاد skirt; ~-girtin v.t. to beset: 

am bałâya dâmenî girtûm I am beset 

by this disaster; dastim ~it ﱲــــــــــــــ 

8 ﺳﻩد 

ﺖﻨ¥ﻣاد I beg you 

dân 1 to rest, prop (s.th.) on …: ânîshk i 

râstî dâdâyà sar mezaká he propped 

his right elbow on the table; hał-~ (1) 

to cast up, hurl up; (2) to blossom: 

shînâwar-dakát hałî dâwa your garden 

has blossomed; hał-~ la sar to 

intervene on behalf of; hał-~ la to 

start (to speak): la jwâbâ hałî dâ he 

started to answer; hał-~awa to raise: 

panjaraká hałdawa raise the sash; le- 

~ to hit, strike; to throb: diłim ledadâ 

my heart is throbbing; to play (instrument): 

zuřnâ-kay zor khosh ledadâ he 

played the flute very well; see also 

alphabetically under le-dân 

dân 

ناد da- ﻩد (v.t., impt. sing. bídara, 

in compounds, da ﻩد; pass. dirân نارد) 

to give, pay; ba …awa ~ to bite, 

sting: mâr gutî petawa dadam “I’ll 

bite you,” the snake said; mâr pewa’y 

dâwin they’ve been bitten by a snake; 

dâ-~ to sharpen (pencil); dâ-~à sar … 

2 ناد grain, seed: ganimakám ~’î nagirtûa 

my wheat has not set seed; ~ 

ba kho …’dâ girtin v.t. to have patience, 

endure; ~-nahenân ba v.t. to 

place no value in: kâwrâ dân ba minâ 

nâhene the man places no value in me 

dân 3 SORANI KURDISH 

ناد tooth (= didân) 

dânîshtû وﻮﺘ8ﺸõﻧاد inhabitant 

dâpîr ﲑﭘاد grandmother 

dâr راد tree, wood; staff, rod, stick; 

~kârî-kirdin v.t. to beat with a stick; 

khistinà zher ~ u falâqawa v.t. to put 

to the bastinado; ~atarm مرﻪــــﺗﻩراد bier; 

~awâr راوﻩراد structure; ~das سﻩدراد 

walking stick, staff; ~istân نﺎـــ ﺘ8ﺳراد 

forest; 

~în ﻦــــaراد made of wood, wooden; 

~tâsh شcراد carpenter 

dârezhar ر ﻩﮋ§راد molder, formulator 

dâshtin: hał-~ ﱳـﺷاﺪـTﻪـﻫ v.t. to hurl (from 

a height) 

dâw واد trap; ~ dâ-khistin v.t. to set a 

trap 

dâwar ر ﻩواد judge; ~î judging 

dâwâ اواد demand; ~-kirdin la v.t. to ask 

of, demand of 

dâwen ﻦ ـ§ 

واد = dâmen; ~pâkî ﰽòـــ ‹¿lواد 

innocence, 

purity 

dâwkhwâz زاﻮﺧواد volunteer 

dâya ﻪـــﯾاد mother; nurse; ~pîra ﻩﲑـــﭘﻪـــﯾاد 

grandmother 

180


dâyara ﻩر ﻪﯾاد office 

dâyik ﮏــــــaاد mother; la ~ bûn v.i. to be 

born 

de ێد village 

de- ێد pres. indicative stem of hâtin 

deł- «lد = daheł-. See heshtin. 

den- ﻦ§د = dahen-. See henân. 

ـــــﺘـــــT ﯽـﮕs ـﻪـﺘT 

ـد 

sadness, loneliness; ~tař ڕﻪـﺘT 

ـد 

glad, happy; ~tazen ﻦـــ§ زﻪـــﺘـــTد 

tragedy, 

dirân نارد dre- ێرد v.p. passive of dân; 

la dargâ ~ for a knock to come at a 

door 

diřân ناڕد see diřrân 

deř g§د line 

derîn ﻦــــــﺮa ــــــ§ 

د ancient, old: aw nâwcha 

dirâw وارد dirhem 

diregh(î) ﻎــــlرد ،ﯽــــﻐــــlرد 

shortcoming; ~kirdin 

v.t. to be inadequate 

dirinj ﱋرد demon 

diřîn ﻦـــــaڕد diř- ڕد v.t. to rip; dâ-~ to rip 

shwenawârî a derînâná i Kurdistân 

the ancient monumental regions of 

Kurdistan 

dew ﻮlد demon 

didân نادد tooth 

dił ڵد heart, interior: la dił i khom’â 

witim I said to myself; ~-râgirtin to 

make happy; ~-shikândin v.t. to 

break the heart: diłmân mashikena 

(cloth) 

diřik کڕد thorn 

diřinda ﻩﺪﻧڕد savage, bestial 

dirkândin نﺪـــﻧﰷرد dirken- ﻦـــåـــﮐرد v.t. to 

confess; to pronounce; disclose, reveal 

(secret, &c.) 

diro ۆرد = dro 

diřrân ناڕد v.p. to be ripped 

dirust ﺖـﺳورد right, correct; ~-kirdin v.t. 

don’t break our hearts; ba ~ i kho to 

one’s heart’s desire; ~band i یﺪـــﻧﻪــــــ 

ﺒ Tد 

interested in; ~dâr راﺪـــــــTد sweetheart; 

~girân ناﺮـــــﮕـــــTد disheartened, heavyhearted; 

~narm مرﻪـﻨT ـد 

contented; ~nyâ 

ﺎـــﻴـــﻨـــTد la convinced of; ~pir ﺮــــــ Œ Tد 

sad; 

angry; ~raq قﻩﺮـTد cold-hearted; ~sâda 

ﻩدﺎــﺴــTد naïve; ~shikâw وﲀــﺸــTد brokenhearted; 

~soz زﯚـــــــﺴـــــــTد sympathetic; 

~tang ﮓـــــsﻪ د sad, lonely; ~tangî 

to make, build, construct 

dirûn نوورد dirû- وورد v.t. to stitch, sew; 

hał-~ to seam together 

dirwân ناورد v.i.: hał-~ to be stitched 

together 

dirwena ﻪﻨlورد reaping with sickle 

dirz زرد crack; ~ i darwâza opening 

between two double doors 

diz زد thief; ~î thievery, stealth; ba ~a 

stealthily; ba ~ i unbeknownst to 

dizh i یژد , dizh ba ﻪــــﺑ ژد against, vis-à- 

vis: gawra-pyâwân i gund dizh i am 

qsâná râdawastân the old men of the 

village took a stance against this talk; 

farmân’î ba kuřakáy dâ dizh i duzhmin 

shař bikâ he ordered his son to 

fight against the enemy 

dî 1 ید sight; ba ~ henân v.t. to bring 

about, produce; ba ~ kirdin v.t. to 

notice, to discern; to see, to spy: hîch i 

wâ’m tyâ ba dî nakird I didn’t notice 

anything like that wrong with him; 

hâtinà ~ to come about, to happen 

dî 2 ید other; again: bo chandân jâr i dî 

several other times 

calamity 

diłop پﯚــTد drop; ~ a khwenèk a drop of 

blood 

dimârakoł ڵﯚﮐ ﻩرﺎﻣد scorpion 

dinân نáد tooth 

dinyâ ﺎـــﻴـــﻧد world, weather: dinyâ zistân 

bû it was winter; ~dîtin ﱳـﯾدﺎـﻴﻧ ـد 

worldly 

experience 

dir- رد (for words beginning with dir-, 

see also dr-) 

diř- ڕد pres. stem of dirîn; see also drdirakht 

ﺖﺧ ﻩرد tree 

dirang ﮓs ﻩرد late; ~-bûn v.i. to be late 

dirawshân(awa) نﺎﺷو ﻩرد v.i. to shine dîdâr راﺪﯾد interview, meeting 

dirâsa ﻪﺳارد lesson, study 

dîka ﻪ ـــﮑـــaد (adj.) other; (adv.) any more, 

181


further 

dîl ﻞـــــﯾد prisoner; ba ~ girtin v.t. to take 

ﺮåL یﺎ`ود prayer for well-being 

dugma ﻪـــــﻤـــــﮔود button; ~ dâ-khistin to 

prisoner 

dîlmânj ﱋﲈﻠﯾد interpretor 

dîman ن ﻪﳝد aspect, mien 

button: ~ i châkatay dâ-khist he buttoned 

his jacket 

dukân نﰷود, dukkân نﲀـــﮐود shop; ~dâr 

dîmugrâfyâ ﺎ;ﻓاﺮﮔﻮﳝد demography 

dîmukrât تاﺮBﻮﳝد democratic 

dîn ﻦaد bîn- ﲔﺑ v.t. to see 

dîřok کۆgaد legend 

dîsân نﺎﺴßد again, once more 

dîtin ﱳـﯾد bîn- ـﺑ 

to find 

dîw ﻮﯾد side 

dîwakhâna ﻪﻧﺎL ﻩﻮﯾد living room 

ﲔ v.t. to see; ~awa ﻩوﻪـــ 

ûnﯾد 

dîwân ناﻮﯾد assembly hall, court 

dîwâr راﻮﯾد wall 

do ۆد yoghurt and water beverage 

do‘â ﺎ`ۆد = du‘â 

doł ڵۆد valley 

dořândin نﺪﻧاڕۆد dořen- ﻦaڕۆد v.t. to lose 

dosh dâ-mân نﺎـــــــــﻣاد شۆد v.i. to be at a 

loss for words 

doshâw وﺎﺷۆد grape molasses 

dost ﺖـﺳۆد friend; ~âna ﻪـﻧﺎـــ ﺘ8ﺳۆد 

friendly; 

~âyatî ﰏ ﻪﯾﺎﺘ8ﺳۆد friendship 

dozîn ﻦــaزۆد doz- زۆد v.t. to search for; to 

find; ~awa ﻩوﻪـــــﻨـــــﯾزۆد to find, recover, 

discover 

dr- رد (for words beginning with dr-, 

see also dir-) 

drakht ﺖﺧ ﻩرد tree 

drân نارد = dirân 

drâwse âﺳوارد neighbor 

drezh ﮋـــــــــ§ رد long; ~-bûn v.i. to stretch 

out; ~âî ﰃاﮋـ§ رد length; ~a-dân ناد ﻩﮋـ§ 

رد 

v.t. to continue 

drisht ﺖﺷرد large 

dro ۆرد lie; ~-kirdin v.t. to lie 

droshm ﴌۆرد sign, distinguishing mark 

drushm ﴌورد design; brightness, brilliance 

راﺪﻧﰷود shopkeeper 

dund ﺪﻧود summit, top of mountain 

dunyâ ﺎﻴﻧود = dinyâ 

duř ڕود middle; large pearl 

duwân ناود = dwân 

duzhmin ﻦــﻣژود enemy; ~âyat تﻪــﯾﺎــــ 

û ﻣژود 

enmity 

dû وود two; ~am مﻩوود second; ~barakî 

ﰽﻩرﻪــــــﺑوود enmity; ~bâra ﻩر وود again, 

once more; ~dił ڵدوود hesitant, 

hesitating; ~dił la v ڵدوود distrustful 

of, suspicious of; ~ham مﻪــــــــﻫوود second; 

~shamma ﻪﳑ ﻪﺷوود Monday 

dûkał ڵﻪﮐودsmoke dûkyân نﺎــﻴــBوود the two of them, both of 

them 

dûpât تﺎـــــــﭘوود statement; ~-kirdinawa 

v.t. to make a statement 

dûpishk ﮏﺸÈوود scorpion 

dûr روود far; la ~awa from afar; ~bîn 

ﲔﺑروود telescope, camera 

dûrân ناروود dûr- روود = dirwân 

dûrînawa ﻩو ﻪﻨﯾروود v.t. to gather, harvest 

dûrrân نارروود dûrre- ێرروود v.p. to be 

sewn, stitched up 

dûzhmin ﻦﻣژوود = duzhmin 

dwâ اود last (precedes word it modifies): 

~ sâł last year, ~ shaw last night; ~ i 

after (prep); ~ i awaî (ka) after (conj); 

~î ﰃاود last, final; ~rozh ژۆراود future; 

ba ~ i …dâ nârdin to send for (s.o.); 

la ~î’dâ ka after (conj); l’ am 

~îâná’dâ recently 

dwân ناود dwe- ێود la v.i. to speak of, 

talk about 

dwândin نﺪــﻧاود dwen- ﻦــ§ ود v.t. to speak 

drust ﺖﺳورد = dirust 

to, address: mamdwena! don’t speak 

duam م ﻩود = dûham 

to me!; daydwândim he was speaking 

du‘â ﺎــــ`ود prayer, supplication; ~-kirdin to me 

bo v.t. to pray for someone; ~ i kher dwe(ka) ێود ،ﻪﮑ§ود yesterday, last night 

182

dwene ـــــﯾد 

ێو ﻪﺷ last night 

Íﯚ yesterday; ~ sháwe ێﻮـــــlد 

dyâr رpد clear, obvious; ~-kirdin v.t. to 

clarify; ba ~awa bûn v.i. to be visible, 

in view; ba ~î clearly, obviously; 

~îkirâw واﺮﮑaرpد obvious 

dyârî یرpد present, gift 

-è 1 variant of the indefinite suffix -èk 

-è 2 directional suffix occurring on certain 

nouns like zhûrè ێرووژ upwards, 

ێر outwards, mâłè ــTﺎــﻣ 

darè ﻩد 

â home- 

wards, and as a variant of the directional 

enclitic à on verbs when the 

complement of the directional is an 

enclitic pronoun: náygamè I won’t 

reach it, shitèk’î dadâtè he’ll give him 

something 

ejgâr رﺎـﮕﺠ ـ ــﺋ 

very, very much; ~î یرﺎـﮕﺠ 

ـ ــﺋ 

at all, ever: ~ nâydwenim I don’t ever 

speak to him; all at once: ~ bârim 

kird I got up and left 

-èk ﮏ§ indefinite suffix: pyâwèk a man 

el ﻞ ﺋ nation, tribe, people 

ema ﻪﻤ ﺋ we, us 

era ﻩﺮـåﺋ ـ here; l’~(dâ) ( اد) 

ﻩﺮـåﻟ 

ـ here, in this 

place; l’~wa ﻩو ﻩﺮåﻟ from here, hence 

Erân ناﺮåﺋ Iran; ~î ﱏاﺮåﺋ Iranian 

‘Eřâq قاgå` Iraq; ~î ﰵاgå` Iraqi 

erayî ﻩﺮــåــﺋ 

ﱙ jealousy; ~-birdin ba v.t. to 

be jealous of: erayî’yân pe dabird 

they were jealous of him 

esh ﺶـåﺋ ـ pain, ache; sar~a ﻪـﺸ‚ ـرﻪـﺳ 

headache 

eshik-girtin ﻦـــﺮé ـــﮔ 

ﮏـــﺸـــåـــﺋ 

v.t. to keep 

watch 

esk ﮏﺴåﺋ = esqân 

esqân نﺎﻘﺴåﺋ bone 

estâ ﺎﺘ8ﺴåﺋ now; l’~wa ﻩوﺎﺘ8ﺴåﻟ as of now, 

ـــ ــ 

from now on 

estga ﻪﮕﺘ8ﺴåﺋ station 

estir ﱰﺴåﺋ mule 

ewa ﻩﻮ ﺋ you (pl) 

ewâra ــ ــﺋ 


ezing ﮓsﺰåﺋ kindling 

ـــ ــ 

fakhr ﺮﺧ ﻪﻓ pride 

falâ ﻻ ﻪﻓ peasant, farmer 

falâkat تﻪـــﮐﻻﻪـــﻓ misery, difficulty, misfortune 

falâqa ﻪﻗﻻ ﻪﻓ bastinado 

faqe ’ ﻪﻓ student 

faqîr ﲑﻗ ﻪﻓ poor; ~î poverty 

farangî ﯽﮕs ﻩرﻪﻓ 

European 

farâham-kirdin ندﺮـB مﻪـﻫارﻪـﻓ 

v.t. to make 

available 

Farânsa ﻪﺴÎار ﻪﻓ France 

farâwân ناوار ﻪﻓ abundant, large-scale 

farhang ﮓـsﻪـﻫرﻪـ ﻓ culture; ~dost ﮓـsﻪـﻫرﻪـ 

ﻓ 

ﺖـــــــﺳۆد cultured, culture-loving; ~ok 

کﯚﮕs ﻪﻫرﻪﻓ 

glossary 

Farhâd دﺎــــــﻫرﻪــــــﻓ Farhad, a character in 

Nizami’s poem who falls in love with 

Shirin 

farmân نﺎــﻣرﻪــﻓ order, command; ~ ba je 

henân v.t. to obey an order, to carry 

out an order; ~ i khwâ ba je henân to 

obey God’s command, to die; ~-dân 

ba v.t. to command; ~bar رﻪــ ﺒﻧﺎـﻣرﻪـ 

ﻓ official 

farmâyish ﺶــــßﺎــــﻣرﻪــــﻓ order, command; 

ﺖ ـﺸß ـﺎـﻣر 

ﻪـﻓ 

~t speech; ~t a mift ﻪـــ 

ﺘ8ﺸß ـﺎـﻣر 

ﻪـﻓ 

ﺖﻔﻣ empty compliment 

farmûn نوﻮـــﻣرﻪـــﻓ farmû- وﻮـــﻣرﻪـــﻓ v.t. to 

command, to say (polite); (impt.) 

please: farmû dânîsha please sit down 

fatârat تﻩرcﻪـﻓ calamity; sar i … dân ba 

~’dâ to bring calamity down on … 

fawt توﻪــﻓ loss, death; ~ân نcوﻪــﻓ fawte- 

Ïوﻪــــــﻓ v.i. to cease to exist; to be lost; 

to be all in, exhausted; ~ândin نﺪـﻧcوﻪـﻓ 

fawten- ﻦåﺗو ﻪﻓ v.t. to give up, to lose 

fâks ﺲBòﻓ fax 

fâmîn ﲔﻣﺎﻓ fâm- مﺎﻓ v.t. to understand 

ﻩراﻮ 

ning 

evening: ~t bâsh good eve- 

feł « ــــــــــ ¥ ﻓ trick; ~-kirdin la v.t. to play a 

trick on; ~abâz ز ﻪـــ 

k¥ﻓ wily; ~bâzî ﻪـــ 

k¥ﻓ 

یز trickery 

fenik کﺮåﻓ cool 

fer ﺮــ åﻓ acquainted; ~-bûn v.i. to learn: la 

183

kwe fer i kurdî bûy? where did you 

learn Kurdish?; ~-kirdin v.t. to teach 

feřo ۆgــــــــ å ﻓ free, gratis; ba ~ for free, for 

nothing, for no reason; ba ~ dân v.t. 

a lot of, much, many: ~ gařân they 

searched a lot; ~nâs سﺎﻨﻟ ﻪﮔ sociologist 

gał ڵ ﻪﮔ space between the legs 

gałâ üﻪــﮔ leaf: wakû gałâ i dâr as numer- 

to squander, waste: bakhtî ba feřo 

dâwa he’s wasted his chance 

fiłân نﻼﻓ so-and-so, dummy name 

fiłeq ﻖـ ـkﻓ ـ flat, squashed; ~ân نﺎـﻘـ ـkﻓ ـ fiłeqe- 

âـﻘـ ـkﻓ ـ v.i. to be mashed, squashed; 

~ândin نﺪـﻧﺎـﻘـ ـkﻓ ـ fiłeqen- ﻦـåﻘ ـ ـ ـkﻓ ـ v.t. to 

ous as leaves on a tree 

gałârezân ناﺰـ§ رüﻪـﮔ 

autumn; the month of 

Scorpio (October 23–November 21) 

gałâwej ﺞـــlوüﻪـــﮔ the month of Leo (July 

23–August 22) 

gałoz زﯚـــTﻪـــﮔ space between a dog’s legs: 

mash, squash 

finjân نﺎÌûﻓ cup 

fiř gﻓ light, delicate; false 

fira ﻩﺮﻓ very, much 

fiře-dân ناد ێgـﻓ 

v.t. to throw away, toss, 

hurl 

fiř|ândin نﺪـــــﻧاgـــــﻓ v.t. to make fly, to fly 

away with; ~în ﻦagﻓ fiř- gﻓ v.i. to fly 

firmesk ﮏــﺴــــ å ﻣﺮــﻓ 

tear; ~ hał-rishtin v.t. 

to shed tears 

fiřoka ﻪـﮐۆgـﻓ airplane; ~khâna ﻪـﻧﺎـLﻪـﮐۆgـﻓ 

airport 

fiřufeł «¥ﻓوgﻓ deception, trick 

firyâ-kawtin ﻦـéوﻪـﮐ pﺮـﻓ 

v.i. to arrive at an 

kilkî da gałozî girt (the dog) stuck its 

tail between its legs 

gałû وﻮT ﻪﮔ throat 

gan ن ﻪﮔ putrid, evil-smelling 

gandał ڵ ﻩﺪﻧﻪﮔ 

rotten tree 

ganim ﱎ ﻪﮔ wheat 

ganî ﱏﻪـﮔ bad odor, rotten smell; ~n ﲔـﻧﻪـﮔ 

v.i. to stink 

ganj 

opportune moment; to come to someone’s 

assistance 

fish ﺶﻓ flabby, soft 

fitwâ اﻮµﻓ legal opinion, permission 

fînga ﻪﮕﻨ;ﻓ snivveling 

fîs ﺲõﻓ wet 

fîsâr رﺎﺴõﻓ so-and-so, such-and-such 

fîshak کﻪـﺸõﻓ ــ cartridge; ~ligh ﻎـﳇﻪـﺸõﻓ ــ cartridge 

belt 

fîshkândin نﺪﻧﲀﺸõﻓ v.t. to whinny, neigh 

fîz ﲒﻓ pride 

fre ێﺮﻓ = fire 

froshtin ﱳﺷۆﺮﻓ frosh- شۆﺮﻓ v.t. to sell 

fû-dân ناد وﻮــــــــﻓ 

v.t. to puff up, blow up 

(balloon, e.g.) 

ga ﻪـــــــــــــــــــﮔ joint: pâm la ~ chûwa I’ve 

sprained my ankle 

gach چ ﻪﮔ plaster 

gał ڵ ﻪﮔ = lagał 

gal لﻪـﮔ flock, herd, people; ~è âـﻟﻪـﮔ a lot, 

1 ﱋ ﻪﮔ treasure 

ganj 2 SORANI KURDISH 

ﱋ ﻪﮔ young 

garak ک ﻩرﻪﮔ 

it is necessary (+ subj.) 

gařak کﻩڕﻪـــــــﮔ quarter (of town), neighborhood 

gařân ناڕﻪـﮔ gaře- ێڕﻪـﮔ v.i. to turn, wander, 

search; ~ ba dwâ i to search for, 

look for; ~awa to return, come back; 

hał-~ to be changed, transformed, 

(with colors) to be …ish: sûrhałgařâw 

reddish; ~ la to quit, leave alone: 

lem gařen leave me alone; ~ la to 

look for: shitèkim gum kirdawa, ley 

dagařem I’m looking for something I 

lost; da sar ~ to get (s.th.) out of 

one’s head 

gard در ﻪﮔ dust 

gardâw وادر ﻪﮔ whirlpool 

gardin ندرﻪـﮔ neck (of an animal, bottle); 

~âzâî-kirdin la ندﺮـــــB ﰃازáدرﻪـــــﮔ 

v.t. to 

bid farewell to 

gařîda ﻩﺪﯾڕ ﻪﮔ wanderer 

garm مرﻪـــﮔ warm, hot; ~â ﺎـــﻣرﻪـــﮔ heat: ~ i 

nîwařo midday heat; ~en ﻦــ åﻣرﻪـﮔ 

warm 

region; ~î ﯽﻣر ﻪﮔ warmth 

garû وورﻪــــﮔ neck, throat: wâ hast dakam 

garûmî le piř bûwa I feel as though 

184

my throat is full of it; ba ~ i …’dâ 

kirdin v.t. to put down s.o.’s throat, 

to feed to 

garzik کزر ﻪﮔ ring 

gash ش ﻪﮔ fiery red; lush 

gasha-kirdin ندﺮـB ﻪـﺷﻪـﮔ 

v.t. to sprout up, 

grow up 

gasht ﺖﺷ ﻪﮔ trip, tour 

gastin ﱳﺷ ﻪﮔ gaz- ز ﻪﮔ v.t. to bite 

gavzân ناﺰﭬ ﻪﮔ v.i. to roll over 

gawař ڕ ﻩوﻪﮔ 

stable 

gawâł ڵاوﻪـﮔ wisp of cloud; gawâł-gawâł 

wispy 

gawj جو ﻪﮔ stupid 

gawra ﻩروﻪـــﮔ large, big, great; ~î ﰃﻩروﻪـــﮔ 

greatness; ~pyâw وﺎــﻴــﭘﻩروﻪــﮔ elder, dignitary 

gawzân نازو ﻪﮔ = gavzân 

gayândin نﺪـــﻧpﻪـــﮔ gayen- ﻦــــــ å ﯾﻪـــﮔ 

v.t. to 

make reach; kho-~à … to get oneself 

to: khoy agayenetà nâw shâr he’ll get 

himself into town; lâwakân khoyân 

gayândè the young men got themselves 

there; râ-~ to make known, 

publicize 

gayîn ﲔﯾ ﻪﮔ ga- ﻪﮔ v.i. to arrive 

gayshtin ﱳــﺷﻪــﮔ ga- ﻪــﮔ ba v.i. to arrive; 

te-~ to understand; pe-~ to ripen, mature, 

come of age 

gaz 1 ز ﻪﮔ yard (linear measure) 

gaz- 2 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY 

gâsha ﻪ ــﺷﺎــﮔ 

, ~bard درﻪــﺑﻪــ ﺷﺎــﮔ 

large stone, 

boulder 

gâsin ﻦﺳﺎﮔ ploughshare 

gâz زﺎﮔ bite; gas; ~-girtin la v.t. to bite 

gâzarâ ار ﻩزﺎﮔ middle of the back, spine 

gâzinda ﻩﺪﻧزﺎﮔ objection, criticism 

gâzir رزﺎـــــﮔ washerman, bleacher; ~-bûn 

to be bleached 

gechał ڵ ﻪ¬ ﮔ quarrel, dispute 

geřân ناgــــ å ﮔ geře ێgــــ å ﮔ v.t. to turn; ~awa 

ﻩوﻪــــﻧاgــــــــ å ﮔ to relate, tell; war-~ to turn 

into, to translate; war-~à sar … to 

translate into: am ktebáy wargeřâyà 

sar fârsî he translated this book into 

Persian 

gezh ﮋــــ å ﮔ dizzy, spinning; ~-bûn to spin: 

sarî gezh dabe his head will spin; 

~ałûka ﻪـﮐوﻮـTﻩﮋــ åﮔ whirlwind; ~âw واﮋــ 

åﮔ 

whirlpool 

gh- (for most words beginning with gh-, 

the Persianate spelling, see normal 

Kurdish spelling under kh-) 

ghadir-kirdin la v ندﺮB ردﻪô 

v.t. to cheat 

ghałat ت ﻪTﻪô 

error, mistake 

ghałpaghałip ﭗT ﻪôﻪﭙTﻪô 

commotion 

gharîb ﺐــــرﯾ ﻪــــô 

stranger; ~î exile, being 

away from home 

ghaybzân ناﱫــــﯾﻪــــô someone who knows 

ز ﻪﮔ pres. stem of gastin 

gâ ﺎﮔ cow 

gâł-dan ناد ڵﺎﮔ v.t. to stir up 

gâła ﻪــTﺎــﮔ energetic labor; ~-kirdin ba to 

work furiously at: chon dirwenayèk 

har gâłay pe dakâ he’s working on it 

fast and furiously 

gâłok کﯚTﺎﮔ club 

gâłta ﻪـﺘT ـﺎـﮔ 

joke; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to make 

hidden things, seer, mindreader 

ghazal لﻩزﻪـــô ghazal, a Persianate poetic 

form 

ghazna ﻪﻧز ﻪô = khazna 

ghâr-dân ناد رﺎô v.t. to run 

gichik ﮏ¬ﮔ small, little 

gift ﺖـﻔﮔ ـ word; promise; ~-dân ba v.t. to 

promise; ~ugo ﯚﮔو ﺖﻔﮔ conversation 

gił « ـﮔ 

dirt, mud; birdinà bin ~ to take to 

the grave 

gila Éــــــــــﮔ complaint; ~-kirdin la v.t. to 

fun of: gâłtayân pe dakrâ they were 

being made fun of, a joke was being 

played on them; ba ~wa ﻩوﻪــــ ﺘ Tﺎــﮔﻪــﺑ 

jok- 

complain of 

gilân نﻼـﮔ v.i. to be thrown: la asp gilâm 

I was thrown from my horse; to stumingly 

gâmûsh شوﻮﻣﺎﮔ ox, buffalo 

gân نﺎﮔ ge- âﮔ v.t. to fuck 

ble: aspakám gilâ my horse stumbled; 

to move, shake, toss and turn; ~din 

نﺪــﻧﻼــﮔ gilen- ﻦــåــﻠــﮔ v.t. to throw, toss, 

185

shake 

gilena ﻪﻨ ﻠﮔ pupil of the eye 

gimez ﺰåﻤﮔ urine; ~-kirdin v.t. to urinate 

giř gﮔ flame; ~-girtin v.i. to be enflamed 

giraw و ﻩﺮﮔ = giro 

girân ناﺮﮔ heavy 

gird دﺮــﮔ hill, knoll; ~ołka ﻪــﮑــTۆدﺮــﮔ pile, 

this up from the floor; take off: sar i 

am sindûqá hałgira take the top off 

this box; pick out, select: l’ aw kawshâná 

jûtèkî hałgira pick out a pair of 

those shoes; dastim le hałgrin leave 

me alone; (2) to hold, keep: am pârayám 

bo hałgira keep this money for 

stack of unthreshed grain 

giriftâr رﺎــــــ µ ﻓﺮـــﮔ 

captive, prisoner; ~-bûn 

me; (3) to allow: khwâ hałnâgire God 

will not allow it; (4) to go out of con- 

v.i. to be captured, taken prisoner; ~î trol: asp hałî girtim the horse ran 

occupation, anguish 

giring ﮓsﺮﮔ important 

girî یﺮــﮔ assumption; ~-kirdin v.t. to as- 

away with me; (5) to hold something 

up: gâyaká pâshûy hałgirtûa the cow 

has its leg lifted; râ-~ to protect, 

sume 

girm مﺮـــــــﮔ boom, plop, sound of a large 

body falling; ~ u hor رﯚﻫ ومﺮﮔ 

ditto 

girmola vﯚـﻣﺮـﮔ twisted, taut; ~-kirdin v.t. 

maintain; kho râ-~ to control oneself; 

war-~ to take, take up 

giryân نpﺮﮔ grî- یﺮﮔ v.i. to weep, cry 

girzh ژﺮـﮔ frowning; dejected; rû~ ژﺮـﮔوور 

to twist and turn, contort 

giřnî ﱏgﮔ rough, coarse 

giro ۆﺮــــﮔ bet; ~-birdinawa la v.t. to win 

(a bet or game) from, come out on top 

with a frowning expression 

gisht ﺖﺸﮔ all; ~î public 

gisk ﮏﺴﮔ broom; ~-dân v.t. to sweep 

gizh 

of 

girtin ﻦــﺮé ــﮔ 

gir- ﺮــﮔ v.t. to take; to pinch: 

kawshakám pâm agire my shoes 

pinch my feet; to hold, contain: am 

jawâła shash pût nâgire this sack 

won’t hold six pûts; ~ la to find fault 

with, pick on: lem magira don’t pick 

on me; ~à bar to adopt; ~awa la to 

forbid: l’ aw kârânám girtotawa I 

have forbidden those things; ~awa la 

to reduce, make less: kharjit zora— 

ley bigirawa you spend too much— 

make it less; to catch (disease) from; 

~awa to heal (broken bone): dast a 

shikâwakát girtûyatawa your broken 

arm has healed; ba …awa girtin to 

cover oneself with, pull s.th. over 

o.s.: lefay pewa girt he covered himself 

with a quilt; dâ-~ (1) to bring 

down; (2) to drive crazy by talking: 

wây dâgirtim ba qsa hoshim namâ he 

drove me so crazy with his talking I 

couldn’t think straight; hał-~ (1) to 

lift, pick up: ama la zawî hałgira pick 

1 ﮋــــــﮔ mussed, tangled (hair); ~-bûn 

v.i. for the hair to stand on end; ba ~ 

… hâtin to get entangled with; ba ~ 

…dâ chûn to have to deal with; ~yân 

نpﮋــﮔ v.i. to be upset, to be mussed (of 

the hair) 

gizh 2 ﮋـﮔ tree trunk; plant; ~-u-giyâ ﺎــ 

ﻴﮔوﮋـﮔ 

vegetation 

gizh 3 ﮋﮔ anger 

gizh 4 SORANI KURDISH 

ﮋﮔ hard, solid 

gizing ﮓsﺰﮔ first rays of dawn 

gîrâ-kirdin ندﺮــــــB اﲑــــــﮔ 

v.t. to answer (a 

prayer) 

gîrân ناﲑـــــﮔ gîre- ێﲑـــــﮔ v.p. to be taken 

(passive of girtin); kho’y pe (râ)~ to 

restrain oneself, control oneself: 

kho’y pe nâgîre he can’t restrain himself; 

dâ-gîrân v.p. to be occupied: 

wilât a dâgîrâwakân the occupied territories; 

te-gîrân v.i. to tangle 

gîrfân نﺎﻓﲑﮔ pocket 

gîroda ﻩدۆﲑﮔ infatuated 

gîrsân نﺎـــﺳﲑـــﮔ gîrse- âـــﺳﲑـــﮔ v.i. to stop, 

cease; ~awa to stop, halt; dâ-~ to be 

lit, ignited 

186


gîrsândin نﺪـﻧﺎـﺳﲑ ـﮔ 

gîrsen- ﻦــ åﺳﲑـﮔ 

v.t.: dâ- 

~ to light, ignite 

go ﯚﮔ ball 

goband ﺪﻧ ﻪﺑﯚﮔ celebration 

gogird دﺮﮔﯚﮔ sulphur; match 

goh ﻩﯚـــــــــﮔ ear, hearing; ~dâr capable of 

hearing: gwechka i gohdâr wellattuned 

ear 

goł (1) gre u ~ ڵﯚـــﮔ و ێﺮـــﮔ 

knotted; gurj 

u ~ ڵﯚـــــــﮔ و جرﻮـــــــﮔ 

nimble, quick; (2) 

male: ~asag گﻪـﺳﻪـTﯚ ـﮔ 

male dog, ~akar 

رﻪـﮐﻪـTﯚ ـﮔ 

male donkey; (3) goal (soccer); 

~-kirdin la v.t. to score a goal against 

gol لﯚﮔ calf; pool, pond; stupid 

gołâła ﻪTüﯚﮔ anemone 

gom مﯚـﮔ deep, stagnant water; indistinct; 

place; hał-~ to lift, raise, draw up 

gr- ﺮﮔ see girgre 

ێﺮـــﮔ knot; ~ le-dân v.t. to tie a knot; 

~ shil-kirdin v.t. to untie a knot; 

~kwer ﺮ§ﻮﮑ§ﺮﮔ tangled knot 

grewaghâr رﺎô ﻩﻮlﺮﮔ foot race 

gul لﻮﮔ leper; ~-bûn to get leprosy 

guł ڵﻮــﮔ flower; ~ a sûr روﻮــﺳ ﻪــTﻮــﮔ 

rose; 

~abarozha ﻩژۆرﻪــﺑﻪــTﻮ ــﮔ 

sunflower; ~âła 

ﻪTüﻮﮔ red tulip; ~âw وüﻮﮔ rosewater 

gulla Úﻮﮔ bullet 

gułof فﯚـــــــTﻮـــــــﮔ pressure, crumple; ~în 

ﲔــﻓﯚــTﻮــﮔ v.t. to crumple; ~tin ﱳــﻓﯚــTﻮــﮔ 

gułof- فﯚــTﻮــ ﮔ v.t. to squeeze, crumple; 

kho hał-~tin v.t. to hug oneself 

gum مﻮـﮔ lost; ~-bûn to get lost; ~řâ اgـﻣﻮـﮔ 

lake, pond; ~âw deep pool 

gomân نﺎـــﻣﯚـــﮔ suspicion; ~-kirdin la v.t. 

lost, deviant 

gumân نﺎـﻣﻮـﮔ doubt, hesitation; ~-birdin 

to suspect 

gon نﯚـﮔ cheek; ~asûra ﻩروﻮـﺳﻪـﯚﻧ ـﮔ 

tomato; 

~â áﯚــﮔ cheek; ~âgon نﯚــﮔáﯚــﮔ various, 

v.t. to doubt; to have, possess: hîch 

shitè gumân nâbam I do not possess 

anything; be~ نﺎــﻣﻮــﮕــ ــﺑ 

doubtless(ly), 

of all sorts 

gopâł ڵﺎﭘﯚﮔ bat, club 

gor رﯚﮔ like, manner 

goř ( 1) 

ڕﯚــﮔ 

level, plain (ground); hâtinà 

convinced 

gumbad د ﻪmﻣﻮﮔ dome 

gun نﻮﮔ testes 

gunâ áﻮــــﮔ sin, pity; ~bâr ر áﻮــــﮔ sinner, 

~è to come to the fore, be under discussion; 

(2) grave; ~istân نﺎـــﺘــــــ 

8 ﺳڕﯚـــﮔ 

transgressor 

gund ﺪـﻮﻧ ـﮔ 

village; ~nishîn ﲔـﺸÎ ـﺪـﻮﻧ 

ـﮔ 

vil- 

cemetery 

gorân نارﯚـــــــــﮔ the Goran division of the 

lager, village-dwelling 

gunjân نﺎــﳒﻮــﮔ gunje- âــﳒﻮــﮔ v.i. to fit, be 

Kurds; ~î Gorani; song 

gořîn ﻦـaڕﯚـ ﮔ goř- ڕﯚـﮔ v.t. to change; ~awa 

ba to exchange for; kho ~ to disguise 

oneself; ~ar ر ﻪﻨﯾڕﯚﮔ change-producing 

gořrân ناڕﯚــﮔ gořre- ێڕﯚــﮔ v.p. to change 

fitting; dagunje biłeyn we may say, it 

is appropriate for us to say 

gur رﻮﮔ wolf; meeting 

guř ڕﻮـــﮔ power; flame; threat; ~~ hâtinà 

khwâre to pour down; ba~ powerful, 

(int.), be changed 

gosh-kirdin ندﺮـــــB شﯚـــــﮔ 

v.t. to suckle a 

newborn 

gosha ﻪﺷﯚﮔ corner, angle 

gosht ﺖﺷﯚﮔ meat 

gotin ﻦéﯚﮔ łe- âT v.t. to say 

govâr رﺎﭬﯚﮔ magazine, journal 

goz زﯚﮔ (see nâz-u-goz) 

goza ﻩزﯚﮔ pot 

gozân نازﯚـــــــﮔ goze- ێزﯚـــــــﮔ v.t. to keep; 

~awa ﻩوﻪــــﻧازﯚــــﮔ to move from place to 

strong 

gur|ân نارﻮــــــﮔ gure- ێرﻮــــــﮔ v.i. to have 

one’s head cut off; ~ândin نﺪــﻧارﻮــ ﮔ v.t. 

to cut s.o.’s head off 

guř|ân ناڕﻮــــــﮔ guře- ێڕﻮــــــﮔ v.i. to roar; 

~ândin نﺪـﻧاڕﻮـﮔ v.t. to roar; ~în ﻦـaڕﻮـﮔ to 

roar 

gurg گرﻮﮔ wolf 

gurîs ﺲßرﻮﮔ rope 

gurj جرﻮــــﮔ quick, soon; ba ~î Ûرﻮــــﮔ 

ﻪــــﺑ 

quickly, soon; ~ u goł ڵﯚـﮔ و جرﻮـﮔ 

nim- 

187


ble; ba ~ u gołî ﯽTﯚﮔ و جرﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ nimbly 

gutin ﻦــéﻮــﮔ łe- âــT v.t. to say (see witin): 

har b’ aw mabastaî ka gutmân just as 

gwez- ﺰ§ﻮﮔ pres. stem of gwâstin 

gyâ ﺎﻴﮔ plant 

gyân نﺎـــﻴـــﮔ soul; (following name) dear; 

we said 

guzar رﻩزﻮــــــﮔ lane, passage; area; ~-kir- 

wa ~ kawtin to escape alive; ~keshân 

v.t. to work hard; ~-(a)spârdin 

ba …(dâ) v.t. to pass by; ~ândin 

نﺪــــﻧارﻩزﻮــــﮔ guzaren- ﻦــــ§ رﻩزﻮــــﮔ 

v.t. to 

spend, pass: hamû zhyân’î lagał 

mařdârî guzarândûa he has spent his 

din v.t. to give up the ghost, to die; 

~dâr راﺪـــﻧﺎـــﻴـــﮔ animal, living creature; 

~kanisht ﺖـﺸÎ ـﻪـﮑs 

ـﺎــ 

ﻴﮔ moment of death; 

~labar ر ﻪﺑÉﻧﺎﻴﮔ 

alive, living 

entire life being a shepherd; zhyân-u- 

~ân نار ﻩزﻮﮔونpژ 

life 

gû وﻮﮔ excrement, shit 

gûr روﻮﮔ calf 

gwâstin(awa) ﱳــﺳاﻮــﮔ gwez-(awa) ﺰــ§ 

ﻮــﮔ 

v.t. to move, to relocate; to take a 

bride to the husband’s house 

gwâya ﻪﯾاﻮﮔ as if, as though, you’d say 

gwâztin(awa) ﻦـــــــéزاﻮـــــــﮔ v.t. to move; = 

gwâstin 

gwe ێﻮـــــﮔ ear; ~-âkhnîn la to ignore; ~bûn 

la v.i. to hear; ~-dânà … to 

habûn نوﻮــﺑﻪــﻫ for there to be; haya there 

is; habû there was; habe u nabe 

“come hell or high water” 

hafta ﻪµﻓ ﻪﻫ week 

haftâ ﺎµﻓ ﻪﻫ seventy 

haftâna ﻪﻧﺎµﻓ ﻪﻫ weekly 

hagba ﻪﺒﮔ ﻪﻫ saddle pack 

ḥakâyat تﻪـــــﯾﰷﻪـــــÑ story, tale; ~khwân 

ناﻮﲣ ﻪﯾﰷﻪÑ 

teller of tales, storyteller 

ḥakîm ﲓB ﻪÑ physician 

hal ( 1) 

لﻪـــــﻫ 

time, turn: la ~ u darfate in 

listen to; ~-(râ)girtin la v.t. to listen time, at the right time; la hîch ~ u 

to 

gwebîs ﺲـــ õﺒlﻮـﮔ 

obedient; aware: wâ gwe- 

marjèk’dâ at no time and under no 

circumstances; (2) opportunity: bo 

bîs bûm ka bârân bârîwa I was aware halèk i wâ dagařân they were looking 

that it had rained 

gwecham م ﻪ¬lﻮﮔ riverbank 

gwechka ﻪـﮑﭽl ـ ـﻮـﮔ 

ear; ~-dân v.t. to listen; 

for just such an opportunity 

hał- ڵﻪــﻫ compound-verbal prefix; for all 

verbs compounded with hał-, see un- 

~-girtin v.t. to hear; ~-takândin v.t. 

to listen 

gweder ﺮ§ﺪlﻮﮔ listener 

gwedrezh ﮋ§رﺪlﻮﮔ mule 

gwegir ﺮﮕ§ﻮﮔ listener 

gwegirân ناﺮﮕ§ﻮﮔ hard of hearing 

gwel ﻞlﻮﮔ handful 

gwepichiř-gwepichiř gـﭽﭙl ــ ﻮـﮔ 

gـﭽﭙl 

ــ ﻮـﮔ 

with 

der the verbal element 

hała ﻪـــTﻪـــﻫ error, mistake; ba ~(dâ) erroneously 

haładâwân ناوادﻪـTﻪـﻫ haste; ba ~ hurriedly, 

hastily, in a hurry 

hałat ت ﻪTﻪﻫ 

precipice 

hałâtin ﻦéü ﻪﻫ = hał-hâtin 

hałbast ﺖـﺳﻪــ ﺒTﻪـﻫ 

poet; ~a ﻪـــ ﺘ8ﺳﻪــ 

ﺒTﻪـﻫ 

poem, 

great difficulty: girtibûyânim, gwepichiř-gwepichiř 

rizgârîm hât they 

poetry 

hałbizhârdin ندراˆـــTﻪـــﻫ election (see bi- 

had captured me, and I was rescued 

with great difficulty; with alacrity 

gwequłâkh خüﻮﻘlﻮﮔ attentive 

gwerâyał ڵﻪــﯾاﺮــ § ﻮــﮔ 

obedient, submissive; 

zhârdin) 

hałdast- ﺖــﺳﻩﺪــTﻪــﻫ see hał-wastân (s.v. 

wastân) 

hałè âـــTﻪـــﻫ the prefix hał- with the direc- 

~î obedience, submissiveness 

gweraka ﻪﮐ ﻩﺮ§ﻮﮔ calf 

gwez ﺰ§ﻮﮔ walnut; ~hînd ﺪﻨﻴﻫﺰ§ﻮﮔ coconut 

tional suffix -è; see under hał-hâtin 

hałenjân نﺎÌﻨ T ﻪﻫ v.t. to draw water 

hałiz ﺰــTﻪــﻫ type of plant with needle-like 

188

leaves 

hałkawt توﻪـﮑT ـﻪـﻫ 

chance, accident; ba ~ 

توﻪـﮑT ـﻪـﻫ 

ﻪـﺑ 

by chance, incidentally; ~û 

وﻮﺗو ﻪﮑTﻪﻫ 

nice-looking 

hałmat تﻪـﻤT ـﻪـﻫ 

attack; ~-birdin/-dân v.t. 

to attack 

hało ﯚT ﻪﻫ eagle 

hałpa ﻪﭙT ﻪﻫ haste 

hałpařke âﮐڕ ﻪﭙTﻪﻫ 

type of Kurdish dance 

hałs ﺲـTﻪـﻫ rising; ~ukawt توﻪـﮐﻮـﺴT ـﻪـﻫ 

behavior, 

conduct 

hałssân نﺎـﺴT ـﻪـﻫ 

hałss- ﺲـTﻪـﻫ contraction 

of hał-wastân, q.v. 

hałwest ( 1) 

ﺖــﺴ 

ــ‚ 

ﻮــTﻪــﻫ 

a short rest, stop; 

(2) point of view, standpoint, stance 

ham 1 مﻪــﻫ concern, grief; ~u tam مﻪــﺗومﻪــﻫ 

sorrow and grief 

ham 2 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY 

ḥapasân نﺎـﺳﻪـﭘﻪـÑ ḥapase- âـﺳﻪـﭘﻪـÑ v.i. to 

be astounded, stunned 

haq قﻪـﻫ ،قﻪـÑ 

right; ~ ba ~ قﻪـﻫ ﻪـﺑ 

قﻪـﻫ 

tit 

for tat; ~ bûn ba to be right: haq ba 

to a you’re right; ba~ قﻪــــــﻫﻪــــــﺑ in the 

right; be~ ق ﻪﻬ ﺑ in the wrong 

haqdast ﺖﺳ ﻩﺪﻗﻪﻫ 

wage 

ḥaqîqat ت ﻪﻘ;ﻗﻪÑ 

truth, reality 

har رﻪـــﻫ just; ~ awanda ﻩﺪـــﻧﻩوﻪـــرﺋ ﻪـــﻫ 

just 

that much; ~ chonè bû somehow or 

other; ~chand ﺪـﻧﻪـ رﻪـﻫ 

however much, 

no matter how much; ~chanda ﻪــ 

رﻪــﻫ 

ﻩﺪـﻧ although; ~chî ﯽـﭼرﻪـﻫ whatever, no 

matter what; ~chîchikânawa ﯽــــﭼرﻪــــﻫ 

ﻩوﻪـــﻧﲀـــﭼ no matter what they did; ~ka 

ﻪــــﮐرﻪــــﻫ as soon as: har ka châwî pem 

…ham م ﻪﻫ ... مﻪﻫ 

both…and 

hamân نﺎــــﻣﻪــــﻫ that very, the aforementioned 

hamaranga ﻪــﮕــsﻩرﻪــﻣﻪــﻫ multicolored, of 

all sorts, varied 

hamdîs ﺲــــßﺪــــﻣﻪــــﻫ once again, all over 

again 

hamîsân نﺎﺴõﻣ ﻪﻫ again 

hamîsha ﻪـــﺸــــــ õ ﻣﻪـــﻫ 

always; ~î constant: 

kawt as soon as his eyes fell upon me; 

~wahâ ﺎ ـــﻫﻩورﻪـــﻫ, 

~wâ اورﻪـــﻫ likewise; 

~watir ﺮé ﻩورﻪﻫ 

even more so 

hař u gîf (gîv) ﻒﻴﮔ و ڕﻪﻫ 

threat 

hara- ﻩر ﻪـــــــــــــــﻫ 

(prefix with superlative 

sense); ~barz زرﻪــــﺑﻩرﻪــــﻫ exalted, very 

high, supreme: dâdga i harabarz 

supreme court; ~girân ناﺮـــﮔﻩرﻪـــﻫ very 

heavy 

haras سﻩرﻪـــﻫ landslide, avalanche (con- 

khwâst i hamîshaî a wish one has 

always had 

ḥaml ﻞــــﻣﻪــــÑ pregnancy: zhinakáy bâr i 

hamlî dabe his wife is pregnant 

hamû وﻮـــﻣﻪـــﻫ all, every (+ indefinite): ~ 

strued with birdin and henân) 

hařasha ﻪـــﺷﻩڕﻪـــﻫ threat; ~-kirdin la v.t. 

to threaten 

hařâ-kirdin ندﺮB اڕﻪﻫ 

v.t. to run 

harâsân نﺎــــﺳارﻪــــﻫ out-of-sorts, in a bad 

rozhèk every day 

hana ﻪــــﻧﻪــــﻫ second wife (relationship to 

the first wife); ~zâ ازﻪـــــــﻧﻪـــــــﻫ child of 

another wife, step-child 

hanâr رá ﻪﻫ pomegranate 

hanâsa ﻪــــــــﺳáﻪــــــــﻫ breath, sigh; ~ hał- 

mood 

harem ﻢlر ﻪﻫ region 

hargiz ﺰ ـﮔرﻪـﻫ 

(+ neg) never; ~âw~ واﺰـﮔر 

ﻪـﻫ 

ﺰﮔ رﻪﻫ 

never ever 

harzakâr رﰷ ﻩزرﻪﻫ 

adolescent 

harzał-harzał ڵﻩزرﻪــــﻫ ڵﻩزرﻪــــﻫ 

in tatters 

keshân v.t. to breathe a sigh; ~sardî 

یدر ﻪﺳﻪﺳáﻪﻫ 

grief 

hand ﺪ ـﻧﻪـﻫ: 

~è ێﺪ ـﻧﻪـﻫ, 

~èk ﮏـ§ ﺪـﻧﻪـﻫ 

a little, 

a bit, somewhat, rather 

handar ر ﻩﺪﻧﻪﻫ 

outside; ~î foreign 

hangâw وﺎــﮕــsﻪــ ﻫ step, pace; ~-nân bo v.t. 

to step into 

hangwen ﻦ§ﻮﮕs ﻪﻫ honey 

and shreds, useless 

ḥasân|awa ﻩوﻪـﻧﺎـﺳﻪـÑ ḥase- -awa ه... 

âـﺳﻪـÑ 

ﻩو v.i. to rest, relax, be in repose; 

~dinawa ﻩوﻪــﻧﺪــﻧﺎــ ﺳﻪــÑ 

v.t. to let rest, let 

relax 

ḥashîmat ت ﻪﻤـ;ﺷﻪÑ 

people, crowd 

hast ﺖـــﺳﻪـــﻫ feeling; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to 

feel: hast’î ba birsetî kird he felt hun- 

189


ger; ~yâr (neol.) poet 

hatâ cﻪـــﻫ until, even; ~ hatâî ﰃcﻪـــﻫcﻪـــﻫ 

forever 

hatâw وc ﻪﻫ the sun; ~î ىوc ﻪﻫ solar 

hatî ﰏﻪــــــــﻫ threatening term of address: 

hatî! datkuzhim! I’m going to kill 

you, you devil! 

hatîm ﲓﺗ ﻪﻫ orphan 

hatîw ﻮﻴﺗ ﻪﻫ = hatîm 

hawał ڵ ﻩوﻪﻫ 

first; ~în ﲔT ﻩوﻪﻫ 

first 

hawâ او ﻪﻫ air, weather 

hawâł ڵاو ﻪﻫ news 

hawâr راوﻪـــــــﻫ summer pasture; ~nishîn 

ﲔـــﺸـــÎراوﻪـــﻫ encamped for the summer 

(of a nomadic tribe) 

hawen ﻦ§و ﻪﻫ leaven, ferment 

hawł ڵوﻪــــــــــــــﻫ toil, effort; ~-dân v.t. to 

strive, to work hard, to attempt 

Hawler ﺮåﻟو ﻪﻫ Arbil, Arbela 

hawr رو ﻪﻫ cloud 

hawsha ﻪﺷو ﻪﻫ courtyard 

ḥawt تو ﻪÑ seven; ~â cو ﻪÑ seventy 

ḥawz زو ﻪÑ pool 

haya ﻪـــﯾﻪـــﻫ there is, there are; (preceded 

might they not be confusing me with 

somebody else? 

hâłî ﯽTﺎﻫ empty 

hâło ﯚTﺎﻫ earthenware pot 

hâlû ﻮﻟﺎﻫ maternal uncle 

hâmez ﺰåﻣﺎﻫ bosom, embrace 

hâna ﻪـــــﻧﺎـــــﻫ motivation, provocation; ~dân 

v.t. to motivate 

hâne Íﺎﻫ there, take it 

hâra ﻩرﺎـــــــــــﻫ shout; ~ i pekanîn peal of 

laughter 

hâřâ|n ناڕﺎـــﻫ v.i. to be pulverized; ~ndin 

نﺪــــﻧاڕﺎــــﻫ v.t. to pulverize; ~wa ﻩواڕﺎــــﻫ 

dust, powder, grist 

ḥâshâ ﺎـﺷﺎـÑ denial; ~-kirdin v.t. to deny; 

~hałnagir ﺮﮔ ﻪﻨTﻪﻫﺎﺷﺎÑ 

undeniable 

ḥâshiya ﻪﻴ8ﺷﺎÑ marginalia 

hât تﺎــــــــﻫ luck: hâtim niya I don’t have 

any luck; ~uchû-kirdin وﻮـــــﭼ 

و تﺎـــــﻫ 

ندﺮB v.t. to come and go, to frequent 

hâtin ﻦــéﺎــﻫ ye-/de- ﻪ ــﯾ/ 

ێد (pres. subj. be- 

/; impt. sing. wára ﻩر ﻩو) 

v.i. to come; 

(with kas and following subjunctive) 

no one would: kas nâye kârèk i wâ 

by a possessive pronoun) to have: bikât no one would do such a thing; 

pirsyârekim haya I have a question 

hayhât تﺎﳞ ﻪﻫ impossible 

haz زﻪـــــــﻫ desire; ~-kirdin v.t. to desire: 

dâ-~ to be accustomed; hał-~ to run 

away: hât hałè he started to run away; 

râ-~ lagał …dâ to learn from, be 

haz dakam bitbînim I’d like to see taught by, get used to; ~à (+ infini- 

you 

hazhâr راژﻪـﻫ poor, unfortunate; ~î یراژﻪـﻫ 

tive) to get …: hâtinà kushtin they 

got killed, hâtà girtin he got caught; ~ 

poverty, misfortune 

ḥazîrân ناﺮــــزa ﻪــــÑ 

June (see also huzayrân) 

hâkâ ﰷòﻫ thus 

ḥâkim ﰼòÑ ruler 

ḥâł ڵﺎــــÑ state, condition; ~ u masala tegayândin 

v.t. to explain a situation 

la to be capable of being: la hałgirtin 

nadahât it couldn’t be picked up 

hâtucho-kirdin ندﺮـــB ﯚـــﭼﻮـــﺗﺎـــﻫ 

v.t. to frequent 

(a place) 

hâw- وﺎ ـــــﻫ 

(prefix) same- (see individual 

words alphabetically) 

hâwâr راوﺎــﻫ cry for help; ~-kirdin v.t. to 

to: ~ u masala’y te gayândim he explained 

the situation to me 

hâle âـــﻟﺎـــﻫ informed; ~-bûn ba to be in- 

cry for help 

hâwbash شﻪــﺑوﺎــﻫ participant; ~ i … bûn 

to participate, share in; ~î ﳽﻪـﺑوﺎـﻫ parformed 

of; ~-bûn ba … la … to be ticipation; ~î-kirdin la …’dâ v.t. to 

thinking of one thing (ba) instead of 

another (la), to mistake X (ba) for Y 

(la): ba kasèk i dîka’m le hâle nabin? 

participate in 

hâwezh ﮋ§وﺎﻫ grasp 

hâwezh- ﮋ§وﺎﻫ pres. stem of hâwîshtin 

190


hâwirdin ندروﺎﻫ hâwir- روﺎﻫ v.t. to bring 

hâwîn ﻦaوﺎﻫ summer 

hâwîshtin ﱳـﺸß ـوﺎـﻫ 

hâwezh- ﮋـ§ وﺎـﻫ 

v.t. to 

henda ﻩﺪـــ ﻨ ﻫ so, so much, this much; ~ … 

tâ so much (so) that: bulbul henda’y 

khwend tâ kham’î la hamû diłân 

throw, toss, shoot; dar-~ to toss out, târand the nightingale sang so much 

throw away 

hâwkâr رﰷوﺎـﻫ colleague; ~î-kirdin lagał 

v.t. to cooperate with 

hâwmânâ áﺎــــﻣوﺎــــﻫ synonymous, having 

the same meaning 

hâwnâw وáوﺎﻫ namesake; synonym 

hâwře ێڕوﺎﻫ comrade, companion 

hâwsafar ر ﻪﻓﻪﺳوﺎﻫ 

traveling companion 

hâwsâ ﺎﺳوﺎﻫ neighbor 

hâwshewa ﻩﻮ 8ﺷوﺎﻫ similar 

hâwshîra ﻩﲑﺷوﺎﻫ sister 

hâwtaman نﻪـﻣﻪـﺗوﺎـﻫ contemporary, of the 

same age 

hâwtâ cوﺎﻫ equal; be~ cوﺎﻬ ﺑ unequalled 

hâybakht ﺖﺧ ﻪﺒﯾﺎﻫ lottery 

hâzir رزﺎﻫ ready 

hejgâr رﺎﮕﺠ ﻫ extremely 

heł- « ﻫ pres. stem of heshtin 

hełân نÀـ ـﻫ 

hełe- âـkـ ـﻫ 

v.t. to let go; dâthat 

it drove the sorrow from all 

hearts 

hendè(k) ێﺪــﻨــ ــﻫ 

،ﮏــ§ 

ﺪــﻨــ 

ــﻫ 

a bit; for a 

while 

henrân ناﲊـــ ـــﻫ 

henre- ێﲊـــ ـــﻫ 

v.p. to be 

brought 

herish شﺮــــــــ å ﻫ attack; ~-henân ba to attack; 

~-birdinà sar … to attack 

(s.o.); ~henar رﻪـﻨـ ـﻬﺷ ـ ﺮـåﻫ 

ـ attacker, aggressor 

hero ۆﺮåﻫ marshmallow (bot.) 

heshtâ ﺎـــــــــ ﺘ 8 ﺸــــــ å ﻫ still, yet; ~ (+ neg. past 

perf.) ka ﻪـﮐ ... ﺎـــ 

ﺘ8ﺸåﻫ ــ no sooner…than, 

scarcely…when: heshtâ nanustibû ka 

dangèk’î ba gwe gaysht no sooner 

had he fallen asleep than he heard a 

noise 

heshtin ﱳـﺸåﻫ ـ ـ heł- « ـ ـﻫ 

(v.t.; subj. often 

beł- for biheł-) to leave, let, allow (+ 

~à khwârawa to let down, lower: subj): nayânheshtim bem they didn’t 

pat’yân henâ u dâyânhełâ khwârawa let me come; to turn loose, let go; 

they brought a rope and lowered him (neg.) not to leave (anyone alive); ba 

down 

helka ﻪﮑﻠ ﻫ egg 

hemin ﻦــﻤــ ــﻫ 

slow; ~-kirdin v.t. to slow, 

je ~ to leave alone, leave behind, let 

be, abandon: ba je’y heshtim he left 

me alone; dâ-~ to let down, lower: 

slow down: hangâwî hemin kird he patèk’im bo benin u dâmbełinà 

slowed his pace; ~î slowness: ba khwârawa bring me a rope and lower 

heminî rû’m da hâwřeakám kird u 

gutim I slowly turned my face to my 

companion and said 

henân نﺎــﻨــ ــﻫ 

hen- ﻦ ــåــﻫ (v.t.; pres. stem 

often yen-, as in nâyenim for nâhenim 

I won’t bring it) to bring; ~awa sar 

kho- to bring back to oneself; ba je ~ 

to execute, carry out (an order); dar-~ 

me down 

hez ﺰـــــåـــــﻫ strength, power: ~ i atom the 

power of the atom; ba~ ﺰåﻫ ﻪﺑ powerful 

hezhâ اﮋåﻫ valued, valuable, dear 

ḥikâyat ت ﻪﯾﲀﺣ = hakâyat 

ḥikûmat ت ﻪﻣوﻮﮑﺣ government 

ḥizb بﺰﺣ political party 

hî ﯽــــــﻫ really: hî awa niya bâs bikre it’s 

(darenân) to put out, pull out, take not really anything that can be talked 

off, extract: châwîlkaká’m la châw 

darenâbû I had taken off my glasses; 

dâ-~ to comb the hair down; râ-~ to 

teach, to get into shape; to tame 

Hend ﺪﻨ ﻫ India 

about 

hîch ﭻ ــ ﻴﻫ (+ neg.) nothing: ~ i tir nothing 

else; ~ kasèk ﮏ 8ﺳ ﻪﮐ ﭻﻴﻫ nobody 

hîlâk کﻼـــﻴـــﻫ tired; ~î tiredness, exhaustion 

191


ḥîlk|a ﻪـــﮑـــﻠ ــــــ ; ﺣ peal of laughter; ~ândin 

نﺪﻧﲀﻠ;ﺣ v.t. to laugh 

hîn-bûn نوﻮﺑ ﲔﻫ v.i. to learn 

hîshk ﮏﺸõﻫ dry 

hîwâ اﻮـــﻴـــﻫ hope: hîwâ i zhyân’î le nada- 

idâra ﻩرادا office 

îdî یﺪﻴﺋ anymore 

îjâbî ﰉﺎÌﻴﺋ positive 

ikhtiyâr رﺎــﻴ ــµ ــﺧا 

old, aged: rîshim spî bû, 

tawâw ~ bûwim my beard is white: I 

kirâ there was no hope of his surviving; 

~biřrâw واgــñاﻮ ــــ ﻴ ﻫ without hope, in 

despair; ~biřrâwî یواgـــñاﻮـــﻴـــﻫ despair; 

~dâr راداﻮﻴﻫ hopeful 

hîz ﲒــﻫ skein, leather bag for oil, cheese, 

&c. 

ho ﯚﻫ reason 

hoba ﻪﺑﯚﻫ campsite 

hoda ﻩدﯚﻫ room 

hon|în ﲔــــﯚﻧ ــــﻫ 

v.t. to spin (thread), compose 

(poetry); ~din نﺪـﯚﻧ ـﻫ 

v.t. to string, 

to weave together; ~drâw وارﺪــﯚﻧ ــﻫ 

wo- 

have become old 

iklîl ﻞﻴﳇ‰ = kilîl 

îmayl ﻞﯾ ﻪﻤـ;ﺋ e-mail 

împirâtorî یرﯚـﺗاﺮـŒﻴﺋ ـ ـ empire: ~ i ‘usmânî 

the Ottoman Empire 

împiryâlîst ﺖـﺴõﻟ ــpﺮــ 

Œﻤـــ 

;ﺋ imperialist: natawa 

gawra ~akân the great imperialist 

nations 

imřo ۆgﻣا today 

imshaw و ﻪﺸﻣا tonight 

înglîs ﺲــõــﻠــﮕــûــõ ــﺋ 

the English, the British 

ven together, threaded together; ~râw 

واﺮsﯚﻫ = hondrâw 

hor رﯚﻫ boom, big noise 

hoř ڕﯚﻫ sack 

(coll.); ~î English (person, language) 

injâ ﺎÌûõﺋ then, next 

insân نﺎﺴÎا human being 

‘Irâq قاﺮﻋ Iraq; ~î ﰵاﺮﻋ Iraqi 

isti‘mâr ــﻌــﺘــــ 8 ﺳا 

hortik ﮏéرﻮﻫ ugly baby 

hosh شﯚـــــــﻫ consciousness; hâtinawa ~ 

kho- to regain consciousness; la ~ (i 

kho) chûn to lose consciousness; be~ 

شﯚـــﻬـــ ـــﺑ 

unconscious; be~-bûn v.i. to 

رﲈ colonialism, imperialism; 

~î یرﲈﻌﺘ8ﺳا imperialist 

îsh ﺶــõــﺋ work, labor, deed; ~-kirdin v.t. 

to work; ~kar رﻪـﮑﺸõﺋ ـ ــ hardworking; ~u-kâr 

رﰷ و ﺶõﺋ business 

-îsh ﺶ ـــــــß 

(enclitic, after vowels ’sh and 

faint, pass out, lose consciousness 

hoz زﯚﻫ tribe, people, population 

htâ ﺎﺘﻫ = hatâ 

humed ﺪــ¥ ــﻣﻮــﻫ 

hope; ~biřrâw واgــñﺪــ¥ 

ــﻣﻮــﻫ 

’ysh) too, also, either 

îshârat ت ﻩرﺎﺸõﺋ motion; sign 

îslâm مﻼﺴõﺋ Islam; ~î Islamic 

îstaram-kirdin la v ندﺮـB 

مﻩرﻪـﺘ8ﺴõﺋ 

ــ ـ ـ v.t. to 

hopeless, in despair 

hunar رﻪـــــــﻮﻧ ـــــــﻫ 

art, craft, skill; ~mand 

ﺪــﻧﻪــﻣرﻪــﻮﻧ ــﻫ 

artist, artisan; ba~ رﻪــﻮﻧ 

ــﻫﻪــﺑ 

beg, plead with 

îtir ﱰﻴﺋ again, another time 

îzn نﲒــــــــــــﺋ permission; ba ~ i khwâ by 

skilled 

ḥushtir ﱰﺷﻮﺣ = wishtir 

ḥuzayrân ناﺮa ﻩزﻮﺣ June 

hûn-bûn نوﻮﺑ نوﻮﻫ = hîn-bûn 

hûsha u fîsha ﻪﺸõﻓ و ﻪﺷوﻮﻫ hissing 

(initial i and î are intermingled in alphabetization; 

the distinction between 

initial i and î is not always maintained; 

initial î is spelled ـــ; ــﺋ 

and ـــﯾا indiscriminately) 

ibtidâî ﰃاﺪﺘﺑا elementary 

God’s leave 

jala-kirdin ندﺮــB vﻪــê 

v.t. to tie (animals) 

together in a herd 

jallâd دﻼﻠê executioner 

jambûra ﻩروﻮـmﻣ ـ ﻪـê 

generality, crowd; ~ i 

khałk ¸ ﻪL ىﻩروﻮmﻣﻪê 

ordinary people 

janâb بáﻪــــê excellency: khałk i gundakámân 

châwařwân i janâbitin the 

people of our village are waiting for 

your excellency; janâb i pâshâ his 

majesty, your majesty 

192


janâza ﻩزá ﻪê funeral 

child to death; ~gosha ﻪـﺷﯚـﮔ رﻪـﮕﺟ 

ـ child; 

jang ﮓs ﻪê war, battle 

~soz زﯚﺳر ﻪﮕﺟ consoler 

jarda ﻩدر ﻪê highway robber 

jigara ﻩرﻪـــــــﮕـــــــﺟ cigarette; ~-keshân to 

jarg گر ﻪê liver, heart (metaphorical) smoke cigarettes 

jarrâḥ حاڕ ﻪê surgeon 

jighâr رﺎﻐﺟ grief, sorrow 

jawanda ﻩﺪﻧ ﻩوﻪê 

leather water bag jil ﻞـــــــــــê clothes, togs; ~-nân to put on 

jawâł ڵاوﻪـــــــــــê large sack or saddlebag, clothes 

usually one of a pair on either side of jila Éê octopus 

a donkey or horse 

jiław و ﻪkê reins 

jawâhîr ﲑﻫاو ﻪê jewels 

jimîn ﲔﲨ jim- ﰖ v.i. to move 

jazhn نژ ﻪê festival, celebration 

jinew ﻮ ûﺟ insult; ~-dân ba to curse at 

jâ ﺎê then, therefore 

jinoka ﻪﮐﯚûﺟ genii 

jâda ﻩدﺎê road, street 

jinûb بوﻮûﺟ south 

jâdû وودﺎـê magic, sorcery; ~gar رﻪـﮔوودﺎـê 

jiř gــــﺟ rip; ~-dân v.t. to rip; ~-hâtin v.i. 

magician, sorcerer 

to have difficulty, be sad 

jâłjâłûka ﻪﮐوﻮTﺎÌTﺎê spider 

jirîwa ﻩﻮﯾﺮﺟ cooing (of doves) 

jâm مﺎê mirror, glass, pane; bowl jisin ﻦﺴﺟ noble, race 

jânawar ر ﻩوﻪﻧﺎê 

animal 

jiwân ناﻮـــﺟ young; ~amarg گرﻪـــﻣﻪـــﻧاﻮـــﺟ 

jândârm مراﺪﻧﺎê police 

died young; ~ka ﻪﮑsاﻮﺟ adolescent 

jântâ ﺎﺘﻧﺎê satchel 

jizma ﻪﻣﺰﺟ boot 

jâr رﺎـê time, instance: dû hafta ~èk once jîhân نﺎــﳱــﺟ world; ~bîn ﲔــﺒــﻧﺎــﳱ ــﺟ 

world- 

every two weeks; ~ân نارﺎـــــــــــê olden seeing, all-seeing 

times, past times; ~èk ﮏــــ§ رﺎــــê 

once; jînosâyd ﺪﯾﺎﺳﯚﻨ;ﺟ genocide 

~èkyân نﺎــ ;ﮑ§ ـرﺎـê 

once, one time; ba ~e jîra ﻩﲑــê salary, stipend; ~khor رﯚــﺧﻩﲑــê 

ێرﺎــêﻪــﺑ all at once; ~ u bâr ر ورﺎــê 

oc- salaried 

casionally, from time to time 

joga ﻪﮔﯚﺟ stream 

jâř ڕﺎـــــــــê proclamation; ~-dân la v.t. to jołâ üﯚﺟ weaver 

proclaim, to broadcast; ~-keshân v.t. jor رﯚـﺟ sort, kind; manner: b’ aw jorá in 

to proclaim, make a proclamation; that manner; ~âw~ رﯚ ــــــﺟارﯚــــــﺟ, 

~ba~ 

~chî ﯽﭼڕﺎê herald 

رﯚﺟ ﻪﺑرﯚﺟ of all sorts, various 

jâwîn ﻦaوﺎê v.t. to chew 

jorâw وارﯚﺟ sock 

je âــــــــــﺟ place; la ~gâ i instead of; ba ~ jořik کڕﯚﺟ bag, saddlebag 

mân v.i. to be left behind; ba ~ jozardân نادر ﻩزﯚﺟ the month of Gemini 

heshtin v.t. to leave, leave behind, jum‘a ﻪﻌﻣﻮﺟ Friday 

abandon; ~-mân v.i. to be left behind; jûł|a-kirdin ندﺮــــــB ﻪــــــTوﻮــــــﺟ 

to move, to 

~ga ﻪـﮕ¥ﺟ ـ ـ place, bed; ~gâ ﺎـﮕ¥ﺟ ـ ـ place, budge; ~ân نﻻوﻮــﺟ jûłe- âــﻟوﻮــﺟ v.i. to 

position; ~nishîn ﲔــﺸ ــــــ ¿ ¥ ﺟ heir-appar- move 

ent, successor 

jût توﻮﺟ pair; ~yâr رﺎﻴﺗوﻮﺟ farmer 

jebaje-kirdin ندﺮــB âــﺟﻪــﺒ 

ــــ ¥ ﺟ v.t. to finish jwâb باﻮـــــﺟ answer, reply; ~-dân v.t. to 

off, to polish off 

reply 

jiga la v ﻪــــــﮕــــــﺟ 

aside from, except for; jwân ناﻮـــــــﺟ pretty, beautiful; ~î ﱏاﻮـــــــﺟ 

without; jiga l’ awaî ىﻩوv ﻪـــﮕـــﺟ 

aside beauty 

from the fact that, in addition to the jyâ ﺎــ ;ﺟ separate, apart; ~wâz زاوﺎــ ;ﺟ sepa- 

fact that 

rate; ~wâzî یزاوﺎــ ;ﺟ distinguishing fea- 

jigar رﻪـﮕﺟ ـ liver, child; ~-sûtân to lose a ture 

193

jyât i ﰏﺎ;ﺟ instead of 

ka 1 ﻪــــــــــــﮐ other, else: hîch i ~’m nâwe I 

don’t want anything else 

ka 2 SORANI KURDISH 

ﻪـــــﮐ when (conj); that (subordinating 

conj.) 

ka- ﻪﮐ pres. stem of kirdin 

kachał ڵ ﻪ ﻪﮐ bald, mangy 

kachî ﯽﭼ ﻪﮐ but, on the other hand 

kaftin ﱳﻓ ﻪﮐ kaf- ف ﻪﮐ = kawtin 

kal لﻪـــــــــــــــﮐ mountain pass; broken (of 

teeth); ~-u-pal ل ﻪﭘولﻪﮐ 

odds and ends 

kalabâb ب vﻪﮐ 

rooster 

kałak ک ﻪTﻪﮐ 

pile; ~ a bard pile of rocks 

kałakewî یﻮ ﮐ ﻪTﻪﮐ 

mountain ram 

kalapoř ڕﯚﭘ vﻪﮐ 

paraphernalia, baggage 

kalapûr روﻮﭘ vﻪﮐ 

tradition; ~î traditional 

kałasher ﺮåﺷ ﻪTﻪﮐ 

rooster 

kalâwa ﻩوﻻ ﻪﮐ ruin, a ruined building 

kałk ﮏـTﻪـﮐ use, benefit: kałkî nabû it was 

hał-~ to pull up, uproot, dig 

kanîn ﲔـﻧﻪـﮐ -kan- نﻪـﮐ v.i. to laugh; pe-~ 

to laugh 

kanîshk ﮏﺸõﻧ ﻪﮐ girl, daughter 

kar ر ﻪﮐ donkey, ass 

karasa ﻪﺳ ﻩرﻪﮐ 

= karista 

kařat ت ﻩڕﻪﮐ. 

See karrat. 

karista ﻪـــ ﺘ8ﺳرﻪـﮐ 

raw material; instrument, 

tool, means; feature 

Karkûk کوﻮBر ﻪﮐ Kirkuk 

karrat تﻩڕﻪــــــﮐ time, instance: aw ~á’sh 

that time too; la mezhû i kurd’dâ bo 

hawałîn ~ for the first time in the 

history of the Kurds 

karsak ک ﻪﺳرﻪﮐ 

large clod 

karweshik ﮏﺸßور ﻪﮐ = kawreshik 

kas سﻪـﮐ person; ~è âـﺳﻪـﮐ anybody; ~-ukâr 

رﰷ و سﻪـﮐ 

people, relatives; ~âyatî 

ﰏ ﻪﯾﺎﺳﻪﮐ 

relationship 

kasâbat تﻪـﺑﺎـﺳﻪـﮐ livelihood: bâwkim kâr 

useless; ~ war-girtin la to derive 

benefit from; ~bakhsh ﺶـﺧﻪــ mﮑT ـﻪـﮐ 

beneficial; 

ba~ ﮏــTﻪــﮐﻪــ ﺑ useful, beneficial; 

be~ ﮏT ﻪﮑ ﺑ useless, worthless 

kałkała i ی ﻪTﻪﮑTﻪﮐ 

wish, desire for 

kalla Éـﻟ ﻪﮐ head 

kaltur رﻮﺘﻟ ﻪﮐ culture 

kalupal ل ﻪﭘﻮﻟﻪﮐ 

= kalapoř 

kam مﻪــﮐ little, little bit; ~bînâ ﺎــﻨــﻴــmــﻣﻪــﮐ 

u ~î chi bû? What did my father do 

for a living?; ~-kirdin v.t. to make a 

living 

kasâs سﺎﺳ ﻪﮐ distressed; ~î distress 

kash ش ﻪﮐ stormcloud 

kashtî ﱴ8ﺷ ﻪﮐ boat, ship 

kasukâr رﰷﻮﺳ ﻪﮐ see kas 

katin ﻦــéﻪــﮐ insult; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to insult: 

katinèk i gawra’y pe kirdûm he 

weak-sighted, unable to see well; 

~hawen ﻦـ§ وﻪـ 

ﻪـﮐ 

unproductive; ~tir ﻪـﮐ 

ﱰـﻣ less; ~ u zor more or less; ~tâkurtè(k) 

more or less 

kamarchîn ﲔ ر ﻪﻣﻪﮐ 

cliff 

kan- ن ﻪﮐ pres. stem of kanîn and kanin 

kanâł ڵá ﻪﮐ channel (television) 

kandałân نü ﻩﺪﻧﻪﮐ 

edge of ravine 

kandâł ڵاﺪﻧ ﻪﮐ hill 

kandin نﺪﻧ ﻪﮐ see kanin 

kandrân نارﺪـــﻧﻪـــﮐ v.p. to be pulled up, to 

be dug up; hał-~ to be pulled out, to 

be wrenched out 

kange âﮕs ﻪﮐ when?, what time? 

kanin ﻦ ــsﻪــﮐ 

(kandin نﺪ ــﻧﻪــﮐ) 

kan- نﻪــﮐ to 

has insulted me greatly 

kaw و ﻪﮐ sieve with large holes 

kaw- و ﻪﮐ pres. stem of kawtin 

kawâł ڵاوﻪـــﮐ herds and flocks; ~~ spread 

out 

kawâta ﻪﺗاو ﻪﮐ then, therefore, in that case 

kawâw واو ﻪﮐ roasted meat 

kawchik ﮏ و ﻪﮐ spoon 

kawł ڵوﻪـــﮐ skin (of an animal); ~-kirdin 

to skin (an animal) 

kawn نو ﻪﮐ old; ~ârâ ارáو ﻪﮐ old, ancient 

kawreshik ﮏﺸ‚رو ﻪﮐ rabbit, hare 

kawsh شو ﻪﮐ shoe 

kawtin ﻦـéوﻪـﮐ kaw- وﻪـﮐ v.i. to fall, befall; 

dar-~ to go outside, to appear; dâ-~ 

pull up, off, dig up; dâ-~ to pull off; to fall away; dûr ~awa to get far 

194

away; ~à … (+ inf.) to start to, fall to: 

kawtînà qsa kirdin we started talking; 

hał-~ la to be situated in 

kay ی ﻪﮐ when? 

kaybânû وﻮﻧﺎﺒﯾ ﻪﮐ lady 

kayf ﻒـــﯾﻪـــﮐ enjoyment; ~ u safâ kirdin 

lagał v.t. to enjoy oneself (sexually) 

with 

Kaykâwis سوﲀــــaﻪــــﮐ Kay-Kaus, shah of 

Iran 

kazh ژ ﻪﮐ mountain 

kazhâl لاژ ﻪﮐ = khazâł 

kâ ﰷ straw 

kâbrâ اﺮñﰷ man, gentleman 

kâch چﰷ pool 

kâghaz ز ﻪôﰷ paper 

kâhû وﻮﻫﰷ lettuce 

kâk کﰷ elder brother; ~a ﻪﮐ" sir 

kâkłamûshân نﺎﺷوﻮﻣ ﻪkﮐ" spider 

kâł ڵﰷ raw; unripe, immature; light 

(color); faded 

kâłâ üﰷ cloth, commercial goods 

kâlân نﻻﰷ scabbord 

kâm مﰷ which?, which one? 

kân نﰷ mine; ~zâ اﺰsﰷ mineral 

kânî ﱏﰷ spring; ~âw وﺎﻴﻧﰷ waterspring 


kârîgar رﻪــﮕــaرﰷ effective; mortal: birîn i 

~ mortal wound 

kârkhâna ﻪﻧﺎLرﰷ factory 

kâr-u-bâr ر ورﰷ affairs, busines 

kârwân ناورﰷ caravan; ~chî ـ# 

اورﰷ 

van leader; ~sarâ ﻪــﺴــÎاورﰷ 

ﯽ cara- 

ار caravanserai 

kâs سﰷ dizzy; faint 

kâset ﺖåﺳﰷ cassette 

kâsib ﺐـــﺳﰷ merchant, trader, shopkeeper; 

~î ﱮ8ﺳﰷ trade, commerce 

kât 1 تﰷ time: l’ aw ~á’dâ at that time; 

~è(k) Ïﰷ ،ﮏــ 

ــﺗﰷ 

when (temporal conjunction); 

la ~èk’dâ while, during, at 

a time when 

kât 2 تﰷ back of the neck 

kâwezh ﮋــــ§ وﰷ cud; ~-kirdin v.t. to chew 

the cud 

kâwrâ اروﰷ = kâbrâ 

kâya ﻪﯾﰷ game; ~gâ ﺎﮔ ﻪﯾﰷ playing field 

ke âﮐ who? 

kebarke âﮐر ﻪﺒ ﮐ race, competition 

kef ﻒ ﮐ mountain; cave 

kel ﻞ ﮐ tombstone 

kełân نÀ ﮐ keł- « ﮐ v.t. to plow 

kânûn نوﻮ ـــﻧﰷ 

: ~ i yekam December; ~ i 

dûham January 

kâr رﰷ work, thing (intangible): nâtwânîn 

am ~á bikayn we can’t do this 

ken ﻦـــåـــﮐ the black fabric of which tents 

are made 

ker ﺮåﮐ penis 

kerd دﺮåﮐ knife 

kesha ﻪـــﺸـــåـــﮐ dispute; ~ i … chârasar- 

thing; ~-kirdin v.t. to work, to do 

something; ba ~ henrân v.p. to be 

kirdin v.t. to deal with 

keshân نﺎـــﺸــــــ å ﮐ kesh- ﺶــــــ å ﮐ v.t. to pull, 

used, be put to use; ~ ba sarawa bûn draw; râ-~ to draw, pull, select; see 

v.i. to have a responsibility, have 

something to do: îdî kâr’it ba sarawa 

nabe you have nothing else to do, 

there is nothing further you have to 

do; be~ رﲀـ ـﺑ 

unemployed; be~î یرﲀـ 

ـﺑ 

unemployment 

kârabâ ﻩرﰷ electricity 

kârakar ر ﻪﮐﻩرﰷ 

worker, servant 

kârasât تﺎﺳ ﻩرﰷ catastrophe 

kârbadast ﺖﺳ ﻩدﻪﺑرﰷ 

official 

kârez ﺰــــ§ رﰷ underground water channel; 

~kan ن ﻪﮐﺰ§رﰷ kârez digger 

also râ-kishân 

kew ﻮ ﮐ mountain 

kha ﻪL pres. stem of khistin 

khabar رﻪــﺑﻪــL news; awareness; ~bazen 

ﻦـ§ زﻪـرﺑ 

ﻪـﺑﻪـL 

spy; ~dâr رادر ﻪـﺑﻪـL 

, ba~ ﻪـﺑﻪـLﻪـ 

ﺑ 

ر awake, aware, informed; ~-bûnawa 

v.i. to wake up; ~-dân v.t. to report, 

give news 

khabâr ر ﻪL danger 

khabât ت ﻪـــــL 

struggle; ~-kirdin v.t. to 

struggle; ~kar ر ﻪﮑé ﻪL struggler 

khafa ﻪـــــــﻓﻪـــــــL undistinguished family; 

195


weak flame; ~-kirdin v.t. to choke, bûn to be busy: ~ i dars-khwendinîn 

strangle; to lower (flame) 

khafat تﻪـﻓﻪـL sorrow; ~bâr رﺎـﺒﺗ ـﻪـﻓﻪـL 

sorrowful; 

~-khwârdin v.t. to grieve 

khałat ت ﻪTﻪL 

curse; mistake; deception 

khałatân نcﻪـTﻪـL khałate- ÏﻪـTﻪـL v.i. to be 

deceived, tricked 

khałatândin نﺪــــﻧcﻪــــTﻪــــL v.t. to deceive, 

we’re busy studying 

kharîta ﻪﺘﯾر ﻪL map 

kharj جرﻪــــــL outlay, expenditure; ~-kirdin 

v.t. to spend (money) 

kharmân نﺎــــــﻣرﻪــــــL haystack, threshing 

floor; ~a ﻪـﻧﺎـﻣر ﻪـL 

halo around the moon; 

~ân نáﺎــــــــﻣرﻪــــــــL the month of Virgo 

trick 

khałât تüﻪــL reward; ~-kirdin v.t. to reward 

khałef ﻒ T ﻪL beehive 

khałk ﮏT ﻪL people 

khałq ﻖT ﻪL = khałk 

khałtân نﺎــ ﺘTﻪـL 

wallowing, floundering; ~ 

i khwen ﻦـــ§ ﻮـــﺧ 

ﱏﺎـــﺘـــTﻪـــL 

weltering in 

blood 

kham مﻪـــL worry, sorrow; ~bâr رﺎــــــ 

m ﻣﻪـــL 

sorrow-raining; ~girtû وﻮـﺮﺗ ـﮕﻣ ـ ﻪـL 

grieving, 

sad; ~gîn ﲔــﮕــﻣﻪــL sorrowful, sad; 

~khor رﯚـــﳐﻪـــL sympathetic, consoler; 

~nâk کﺎûﻣ ﻪL sad 

khamłân نÀـﻣﻪـL khamłe- âــ kﻣﻪـL 

v.i. to be 

decorated, embellished 

khamřa ﻩgﻣ ﻪL large vat 

khamza ﻩﺰﻣ ﻪL wink 

khana ﻪﻧ ﻪL henna 

khandak ک ﻩﺪﻧﻪL 

ditch 

khanjar رﻪـــﳒﻪـــL dagger; dânà bar ~ v.t. 

to stab, cut with a knife 

khar- ر ﻪـــــL 

(imperative stem of khistin): 

(August 23–September 22) 

khars سرﻪــــــــــL estimate, guess; ~ândin 

نﺪـﻧﺎـﺳرﻪـL v.t. to estimate; ~-kirdin v.t. 

to estimate 

kharsak ک ﻪﺳرﻪL 

thick woolen carpet 

khartala v ﻪﺗرﻪL 

mustard 

khasândin نﺪـﻧﺎـﺳﻪـ L khasen- ﻦــ åﺳﻪـL 

v.t. to 

emasculate; to prune 

khasârat ت ﻩرﺎﺳﻪL 

loss 

Khasraw Parwez ﺰـــــــ§ 

ورﻪـــــــﭘ 

وﻩﴎﻪـــــــL 

Chosroës Parvez, Sassanian shah of 

Iran 

khasû وﻮــــــــﺳﻪــــــــL mother-in-law, son’s 

wife’s mother 

khat ت ﻪL line 

khatana ﻪــــﻧﻪــــﺗﻪــــL circumcision; ~sûrân 

ناروﻮﺳ ﻪﻧﻪﺗﻪL 

circumcision celebration 

khatar ر ﻪﺗﻪL 

grave, serious 

khaw وﻪـــــــــL sleep, dream; ~yân le kawt 

they fell asleep; pres. stem of khawtin; 

~~î یوﻪــــــــــLوﻪــــــــــL sleepy-head; 

~anûchka ﻪﮑﭼوﻮﻧ ﻩوﻪL 

drowsiness 

khawin نوﻪــــــــــــــL dream; ~-dîtin v.t. to 

bíkhara (impt. sing) throw! 

kharand ﺪﻧ ﻩرﻪL 

ditch, cesspool 

kharâb بار ﻪL bad, out of order, broken 

kharâmân نﺎــــــﻣارﻪــــــL graceful, walking 

dream 

khawtin ﻦـــــéوﻪـــــL khaw- وﻪـــــL v.i. to lie 

down; to sleep: khawtûa he’s asleep 

khayâł ڵpﻪــL idea, thought; imagination; 

stately 

kharâp پار ﻪL = khirâp 

kharâw وار ﻪــL 

= kharâb; ~akar ﻪــﮐﻩوارﻪــL 

ر, ~akâr رﰷﻩوارﻪــــL robber; ~-witin v.t. 

ba ~ i …dâ hâtin to occur to the 

mind of 

khayâr رp ﻪL cucumber 

khazałwar رﻩﻮـــTﻩزﻪـــL the month of Scor- 

to curse 

kharbâr ر رﻪــL large measure of weight, 

300 kilos 

kharek ﮏ§ر ﻪL = kharîk 

kharîb ﺐﯾر ﻪL stranger 

kharîk ﮏـــرa ﻪـــL 

busy, occupied; kharîkpio 

(October 23–November 21) 

khazâł ڵاز ﻪL gazelle 

khazâm ماز ﻪL = khazân 

khazân ناز ﻪL autumn 

khazena ﻪﻨlز ﻪL treasury 

khazna ﻪـــــزﻧ ﻪـــــL 

treasury; pool in public 

196

ath; ~dâr راد ﻪﻧزﻪL 

treasurer 

khazr رز ﻪL anger 

khazûr(a) رووزﻪــــــــL father-in-law, son’s 

wife’s father 

khâch چﺎL cross 

khâk کﺎL earth, dust; ~âwî dusty, dirty 

khâkalewa ﻩﻮــ ــﻟﻪــﮐòــL 

Aries (March 21– 

April 20) 

khâł 1 ڵﺎــL maternal uncle; ~o ﯚــTﺎــL uncle 

(maternal) 

khâł 2 ڵﺎـــL spot, mole (on skin); tattoo; ~ 

u mîl ﻞــــــــ ; ﻣ و ڵﺎــــL 

colors on neck and 

breast of partridge, (meta.) beauty of 

the beloved; ~-kutân v.t. to tattoo 

khâm مﺎL raw 

khâma ﻪﻣﺎL pencil, pen 

khâmosh شﯚــﻣﺎــL quiet, peaceful; silent; 

~-kirdin v.t. to extinguish; ~î quietness 

khân 1 نﺎL khan, chief; ~im ﱎﺎL lady 

khân 2 روود the Far East 

khâwen ﻦ§وﺎL clean, tidy 

khâya ﻪـــﯾﺎـــL egg; testicle; ~ron نۆرﻪـــﯾﺎـــL 

fried egg 

khe âﺧ habit, custom 

kher ﺮــــــــــ å L good; ba ~ well: ba ~ bît be 

well; qsa i ~ kirdin bo to put in a 

good word for: qsayèk i kherî bo 

bikirdîtâya she could have put in a 

good word for you 

kherâ اﺮــــåــــL quick, soon, fast; ba ~î ﻪــــﺑ 

ﱙاﺮåL quickly, rapidly 

kherâtin-kirdin ندﺮــB ﻦــéاﺮــåــL 

v.t. to wel- 

نﺎL inn; ~chî ﯽ#ﺎL innkeeper 

khâna ﻪـﻧﺎـL house; ~khirâp پاﺮـﺧﻪـﻧﺎـL unlucky; 

~khwe ێﻮـﺧﻪـﻧﺎـL host; ~qâ ﺎـﻗﻪـﻧﺎـL 

khanaqah, dervish hostel; ~wâda 

ﻩداو ﻪﻧﺎL family, wealthy family 

khânulân نﻻﻮــــــﻧﺎــــــL family, home; be~ 

نﻻﻮــﻧﺎــÿــ ــﺑ 

homeless; be~-kirdin v.t. to 

render homeless; be~î ﱏﻻﻮـﻧﺎـÿـ ـﺑ 

homelessness 

khânû وﻮﻧﺎL house 

khâpûr-kirdin ندﺮـــB روﻮـــﭘﺎـــL 

v.t. to ruin, 

destroy 

khâs سﺎL good 

khâsatan ن ﻪﺗﻪﺳﺎL 

especially 

khâshkhâsh شﺎÿﺷﺎL poppy 

khâtir ﺮــéﺎــL mind; ~ i یﺮــéﺎــL for the sake 

of; ~jam مﻪـــêﺮـــéﺎـــL with mind at ease, 

reassured; ~khwâ اﻮﺧﺮéﺎL in love 

khâw وﺎ ـــL 

= khâm; = khaw; ~-bûnawa 

come 

khesa-kirdin la v ندﺮــB 

ﻪــﺴــــ 

å L v.t. to turn 

away from 

khew ﻮ¥ﺧ owner, lord 

khewand ﺪﻧ ﻩﻮ¥ﺧ = khew 

khewat تﻩﻮـــــ¥ ـــــﺧ 

tent; ~ hał-dân v.t. to 

pitch a tent 

khezân ناﺰــــــ å L members of a family, dependents; 

~dâr راﺪـــــﻧاﺰــــــــــ å L man with 

many mouths to feed 

khida ﻩﺪL custom, manner 

khil ﻞـــL rolling; ~-kirdinawa v.t. to roll 

down: bardèkim khil kirdawa I rolled 

a stone down; ~a~ ﻞـــــــLÉـــــــL rolling, 

bouncing 

khiłâfândin نﺪﻧﺎﻓÀL v.t. to trick, deceive 

khilena ﻪﻨ ﻠL molar (tooth) 

khilîsk ﮏــــﺴــــõــــﻠــــL slippery, slimy; ~a 

ﻪـﮑﺴõﻠL ـ ـــ slippery place; ~âne ÍﲀـﺴõﻠL 

ـــ 

ice-skating; ~ân نﲀ ـﺴõﻠL ـــ /~în ﲔـﮑﺴõﻠL 

ـ ـــ 

v.i. to slip (on ice) 

khinkân نﲀـــûـــﺧ khinke- âـــﮑـــûـــﺧ v.i. to 

choke; to drown 

khiř 

v.i. to lose patience; ~ u khezân 

ناﺰåLووﺎL all the members of a family 

khâwa ﻩوﺎL toll 

khâwan نﻩوﺎــL owner, possessor; ~shiko 

ﯚﮑﺸÎ ﻩوﺎL lord, master 

khâwar رﻩوﺎـL east, orient; ~ i dûr ىرﻩوﺎـL 

1 gــــــــــــﺧ round: top i zawî khiřa the 

earth is round; ~-bûnawa v.i. to 

gather: la chî khiř bûnawa what did 

they gather for?; ~ dâ-khistin v.t. to 

shut tight, slam; ~ u khâłî ﯽـــTﺎـــL 

و gـــﺧ 

empty; ~ u khoł ڵﯚﺧ و gﺧ pretty 

khiř 2 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY 

gﺧ too big, too large 

khirâ اﺮـــــﺧ displeasing; ~î-kirdin ba v.t. 

to be angry with, displeased by: agar 

197

aw kârá nakan, khirâî’tân pe dakam 

if you don’t do it, I’ll be angry with 

you 

khirân ناﺮـــﺧ khire- ێﺮـــﺧ v.p. passive of 

khistin; râ-~ to grow, sprout 

khirâp پاﺮــــــــﺧ bad, awful, wrong: ~ tegayshtûy 

you’ve misunderstood; ~ 

geřânawa la bâra i …dâ v.i. to 

speak ill of; ~a ﻪــﭘاﺮــﺧ bad deed; ~akâr 

رﰷﻪـــﭘاﺮـــﺧ evil-doer, maleficent; ~akârî 

یرﰷ ﻪﭘاﺮﺧ evil, maleficence 

khiřka ﻪﮐgﺧ pebble; ~bard در ﻪﺑﻪﮐgﺧ 

ditto 

khiroshân نﺎـﺷۆﺮـﺧ khiroshe- âـﺷۆﺮـﺧ v.i. 

to be in turmoil, commotion 

khirt تﺮـﺧ cylindrical; ~ u pirt تﺮـ 

وتﺮـﺧ 

junk, worthless things; ~ak کﻪــــــﺮﺗ 

ــــــﺧ 

roller (for a chair, bed, &c.) 

khish|ân نﺎــــﺸــــﺧ khishe- âــــﺸــــﺧ v.i. to 

crawl; ~ândin نﺪـﻧﺎﺸﺧ khishen- ﻦåﺸﺧ 


nim dâkhist I pulled down the tree 

branches, la khajâłatî sarî dâkhist he 

lowered his head in shame; (4) to 

store, put up (food): âzûqam dâkhist I 

put up provisions 

khitûka ﻪـــــﮐوﻮـــــµ ـــــﺧ 

tickle; ~-dân v.t. to 

tickle 

khizân ناﺰـــــــﺧ khize- ێﺰـــــــﺧ v.i. to slip, 

crawl; ~ la to draw near to; râ-~ to 

sprout 

khizm مﺰـﺧ family; ~âyatî ﰏﻪـﯾﺎـﻣﺰ ـﺧ 

family 

relationship 

khizmat ﻪــﻣﺰــﺧ 

ت service; ~kâr رﲀــéﻪــﻣﺰــﺧ 

servant; ~-kirdin v.t. to serve; 

gayshtin ba ~ i to meet, see 

ـ ـ ــ ـ 

v.t. to drag on the ground; ~în ﲔـــﺸـــﺧ 

(honorific) 

khîm ﲓﺧ foundation; race, origin 

khîrat ت ﻩﲑL bravery, manly honor 

khîzałân نü ﻩﲒL sand, sandy patch 

kho ﯚـــــﺧ self (normally kho refers to the 

v.i. to creep, crawl 

khishił «ﺸﺧ ornament 

khishka u pishka ﻪـﮑﺸÈ ـ ـوﻪـﮑﺸﺧ 

ـ ـ creeping 

subject of the verb of the clause in 

which it occurs: kho’y kusht he killed 

himself; with a pron. encl. it also 

and crawling 

khisht ﺖـــــــﺸـــــــﺧ skewer; brick, slab of 

functions as a stressed pronoun: kâbrâ 

kuřaká’y kusht u amjâr hařasha i 

baked clay 

khishta ﻪــﺘــــ 8 ﺸــﺧ level; la ~ birdin v.t. to 

awa’y le kird ka kho’ysh’î bikuzhe the 

man killed her son and then he threat- 

level, ruin, destroy, (meta.) to have ened to kill her too); la ~awa by one- 

illicit relations with, to corrupt 

khistin ﱳـــﺴـــﺧ kha- ﻪ ـــL 

(v.t., impt. sing. 

self; la ~’râ by oneself; ~-dâ-girtin 

v.t. to lurk in ambush; ~-dâ-kutân v.t. 

bikhara; pass. khirân) to throw, put; to take root; ~-dâ-nân v.t. to sacrifice 

~à … to throw into: pâdshâ awânî oneself, lay down one’s life; ~-girtin 

khistà bandîkhâna the king threw v.t. to have patience, be stable; to be 

them into prison; ~awa to build, success-ful; ~-keshânawa v.t. to 

make; ~à …awa to pour s.th. into …: withdraw, secede; ~-khurândin v.t. 

daykhamà kupałayèk i damtangawa to scratch oneself; to participate in 

I’ll pour it into a jar with a narrow 

neck; ~à sar to fulfill a wish, to help 

charitable affairs; ~-khwârdinawa 

v.t. to suffer in silence; ~m مﯚــــــﺧ my- 

someone accomplish a goal; dar-~ to self; ~-pârâstin v.t. to defend oneself; 

express; dâ-~ (1) to shut, close: dargây 

dâkhist he shut the door; dalâqaká’y 

la sar dâkhistinawa he shut 

~t yourself; ~y him/herself 

khobâî ﰃ ﯚﺧ pride, self-satisfaction 

khokhor رﯚـــــﺧﯚـــــﺧ xenophile, enemy to 

the trap door over them; (2) to spread: one’s one people: kurd’îsh chi kurd 

bařakam dâkhist I spread out the rug; a? mîłat i khokhora pekawa / bo gyân 

(3) to pull down, lower: likadârakâ- u mâł i yektirî simkoł dakan la khoł 

198


(Malâ Mârif) And what are the the British didn’t like him; na~ شﯚـﺧﻪـﻧ 

Kurds? A self-destructive nation altogether 

stomping their hooves in the 

dust to get at each other’s lives and 

property 

khokird دﺮBﯚﺧ natural, not artificial 

khoł ڵﯚـــــــــــﺧ dust; ~ i mirdû ba sar’dâ 

kirân to be in mourning: khałkakáy 

ill, sick 

khosha ﻪــﺷﯚــﺧ ear of grain; ~chîn ﻪــﺷﯚــﺧ 

ﲔ gleaner 

khoshajân نﺎê ﻪﺷﯚﺧ cheers, bon appetit 

khoshawîst ﺖـﺴß ـوﻪـﺷﯚـﺧ 

beloved, dear; ~î 

love 

khoshâw وﺎـــــﺷﯚـــــﺧ dried fruit soaked in 

dałey khoł i mirdû’yân ba sar’dâ 

kirâwa you’d think the people were in 

mourning; ~akawa ashes; ~amesh 

ﺶåﻣ ﻪTﯚﺧ ashes; ~ameshî ﯽﺸåﻣ ﻪTﻮﺧ gray 

khomâłî ﯽـTﺎـﻣﯚ ـﺧ 

domestic, personal, own: 

water 

khoshbîn ﲔﺒ8ﺷﯚﺧ optimistic 

khoshchezha ﻩﮋــ å¬ﺷ ـ ﯚـﺧ 

good-tasting, delicious 

khoshdamâkh خﺎــــﻣﻩﺪــــﺷﯚــــﺧ happy, in a 

zimân i ~ mother tongue 

khoparist ﺖﺳر ﻪﭘﯚﺧ selfish 

khopasind ﺪـــ ﻨ8ﺳﻪـﭘﯚـﺧ 

self-satisfied, egotistical 

khopârezî یﺰ§رﺎﭘﯚﺧ self-defense 

khor رﯚـــﺧ sun; ~ałât تüﻩرﯚـــﺧ east, sunrise; 

~atâw وcﻩرﯚــــﺧ sun; ~âwâ اوارﯚــــﺧ 

west, sunset; ~hałât تüﻪـــــﻫرﯚـــــﺧ east; 

~nishîn ﲔـــﺸـــÎرﯚـــﺧ west(ern); ~wazân 

ناز ﻩورﯚﺧ east 

-khor رﯚـــــــﺧ suffix meaning eating, con- 

good mood 

khoshḥâl لﺎﴮﯚﺧ happy, pleased 

khoshî ﳽﯚـــﺧ pleasure, fun; la ~ân’dâ v 

اﺪﻧﺎﻴ8ﺷﯚﺧ in joy and happiness 

khoshken ﻦـåﮑﺷ ـ ـ ﯚـﺧ 

humble; ~î ﲎـ¥ﮑﺷ 

ـ ـ ﯚـﺧ 

humility 

khoshkhâna ﻪﻧﺎÿﺷﯚﺧ tannery 

khoshkok کﯚﮑﺷﯚﺧ pretty 

khoshlîbâs سﺎـﺒﻴﻠﺷ ـ ــ ﯚـﺧ 

well-dressed, dandy 

khoshmaza ﻩز ﻪﴰﯚﺧ delicious 

khoshnâw وﺎﻨ8ﺷﯚﺧ renowned 

khoshnûs سوﻮ ﯚـــﺧ 

calligrapher; ~î 

suming 

khoř ڕﯚﺧ blood; fast flowing of water 

khorâî ﰃارﯚﺧ free, gratis 

khořâî ﰃاڕﯚﺧ dictator 

ـــﻨــــــ 8 ﺷ 

ﳻوﻮﻨ8ﺷﯚﺧ calligraphy 

khoshposh شﯚﭙ8ﺷﯚﺧ well-dressed 

khotâsh شcﯚﺧ electric razor 

khorâk کارﯚﺧ food 

khořang ﮓs ﻩڕﯚﺧ natural color, colorfast 

khořâ اڕﯚﺧ stubborn, intractable 

khorist ﺖﺳرﯚﺧ wild, uncultivated 

khort ترﯚﺧ young, youth 

khosh شﯚ ــﺧ, 

khwash شﻩﻮــﺧ good, well; 

~ râ-bwârdin v.t. to have a good 

time, enjoy: l’ awe khoshmân râ- 

khoy یﯚﺧ sweat, dew 

khozga ﻪـــــــﮔزﯚـــــــﺧ would that (+ irrealis 

mood): khozga ahâtî would that you 

had come; ~-birdin v.t. to wish; ~khwârdin 

v.t. to wish 

khudâ ادﻮﺧ God; ~î divine, God-given 

khul لﻮــــﺧ turn, revolution; ~-dân v.t. to 

bwârd we had a good time there; ~bûn 

ba to be happy with, pleased by: 

revolve; ~-khwardin v.t. to revolve, 

spin (int.); ~ân نﻻﻮــﺧ khule- âــﻟﻮــﺧ v.i. 

pem khosh bû hâtî I’m glad you 

came; ~-kirdin v.t. to be nice: hawâ 

khoshî kird the weather turned nice; 

to fan a flame; to make ready, to improve; 

~-kirdinawa v.t. to make up, 

make peace; ~-wîstin v.t. to love, to 

like: înglîsîakân khoshyân nawîstûa 

to spin, turn 

khulyâ ﺎﻴﻟﻮﺧ wish, desire, daydream 

khuncha ﻪ#ﻮﺧ bud 

khuř ڕﻮـﺧ sudden rush of water, in flood; 

khwen u ~ ڕﻮﺧ وﻦ§ﻮﺧ 

hemorrhage 

khurân 1 نارﻮــﺧ khure- ێرﻮــﺧ v.i. to itch; 

~din نﺪـــﻧارﻮـــﺧ khuren- ﻦـــ§ رﻮـــﺧ 

v.t. to 

199

scratch 

khurân 2 نارﯚـﺧ khure- ێرﻮـﺧ v.p. passive 

of khwârdin 

khurd درﻮــــﺧ food; small, tiny; ~a ﻩدرﻮــــﺧ 

small change; ~agîr ﲑـــﮔﻩدرﻮـــﺧ carper, 

caviler 

khurî یرﻮﺧ wool 

khuřîn ﻦــــaڕﻮــــﺧ v.t. to yell, shout, neigh, 

whinny; te-~ to yell at, shout at 

khurj جرﻮﺧ saddlebag 

khurmâ ﺎﻣرﻮﺧ date 

khurosh شۆرﻮـــــــــــــــﺧ scream, yell; ~ân 

نﺎـــﺷۆرﻮـــﺧ khuroshe- âـــﺷۆرﻮـــﺧ v.i. to 

scream, to yell 

khurt ترﻮﺧ powerful, strong 

khurûka ﻪﮐوورﻮﺧ pox, pockmark 

khusa ﻪﺳﻮﺧ sorrow 

khut-u-khořâî ﰃاڕﯚـــﺧﻮـــﻮﺗ ـــﺧ 

for no good 

reason, for no reason at all 

khuyâ-kirdin ندﺮــــــB pﻮــــــﺧ 

v.t. to show, 

make obvious 

khû وﻮــﺧ custom; ~-girtin v.t. to become 

accustomed 

khûg گوﻮﺧ pig 

khûsân نﺎـــﺳوﻮـــﺧ v.i. to get soft in water; 

~din نﺪـﻧﺎـﺳوﻮـﺧ khûsen- ﻦــ åﺳوﻮـﺧ 

v.t. to 

soften in water 

khûzh ژوﻮﺧ hunchbacked 

khwar ر ﻩﻮﺧ sun 

khwash ش ﻩﻮﺧ = khosh 

khwayshk ﮏﺸß ﻩﻮﺧ sister 

khwâ 1 اﻮـــــــﺧ God: khwâ yek a u nâbe ba 

dû God is one and is not two (an oath, 

“by God almighty”); ~bakhshîw the 

late (for a deceased person); ~ḥâfîz 

ﲒــﻓﺎــÑاﻮــﺧ good-bye; ~ḥâfîzî kirdin la 

v.t. to say good-bye to; ~leykhoshbû 

وﻮـﺒ8ﺷ ــ ﯚـﺧ 

ﯽäـ 

ـﻟ 

اﻮـﺧ 

the late; ~parist ﻪـﭘاﻮـﺧ 

ﺖﺳر God-fearing 

khwâ 2 ووراﻮـــــــــــــــﺧ south; hâtinà ~e to come 

down, get down; khistinà ~awa v.t. 

to throw down 

khwârdin ندراﻮـــــﺧ kho- ﯚ ـــــﺧ 

(v.t., pass. 

khurân) to eat; ~awa to drink 

khwâs ساﻮﺧ bare (foot, head) 

khwâst ﺖــﺳاﻮــﺧ request; ~-kirdin v.t. to 

request 

khwâstin ﱳــــﺳاﻮــــﺧ khwâz- زاﻮــــﺧ v.t. to 

want, desire 

khwâzbenî ﲎــ åﺑزاﻮـﺧ 

proposal of marriage, 

engagement ceremony; ~ i X kirdin 

la Y v.t. to ask Y for X’s hand in marriage: 

khwâzbenî i kichá la âshawân 

dakâ he asks the miller for the girl’s 

hand in marriage; ~kar رﻪـﮑ;¿ ــــﺑزاﻮـﺧ 

suitor 

khwâztin ﻦéزاﻮﺧ = khwâstin 

khwe 

اﻮـﺧ whether: ~ bitawe yân natawe 

whether you want to or not 

khwâkhwâ اﻮـــﺧاﻮـــﺧ eager, impatient; ~ i 

impatient for 

khwân ناﻮﺧ dining table 

khwâr راﻮــــﺧ down; ~è ێراﻮــــﺧ down; ~û 

1 ێﻮـــﺧ owner: khâna~ ێﻮـــﺧﻪـــﻧﺎـــL 

householder, home-owner, host; 

khwena~ ێﻮـﺧﻪـﻨl ـاﻮـﺧ 

avenger, seeking 

retaliation 

khwe 2 SORANI KURDISH 

ێﻮﺧ salt 

khwen ﻦــ§ ﻮــﺧ 

blood; ~akhwe ێﻮــﺧﻪــﻨــ 

lﻮــﺧ 

avenger; ~bast ﺖ ـــﺳﻪـــــــــ 

m ¿ lﻮـــﺧ, 

~dâkuzhândin 

نﺪــــﻧاژﻮــــB‰ﺪــــﻨــــlﻮــــﺧ cease-fire; 

~garm مرﻪـــﮕـــﻨـــlﻮـــﺧ hot-blooded; ~gir 

ﺮــﮕــﻨــl ﻮــﺧ 

immediate member of a murdered 

man’s family; ~jimmân 

نﲈـﻤﺠﻨl ـ ــﻮـﺧ 

blood pressure; ~kar رﻪـﮑﻨl 

ــﻮـﺧ 

murderer; ~khwâ اﻮـﺨﻨl ــﻮـﺧ 

bloodthirsty; 

~khwâr راﻮـﺨﻨl ــﻮـﺧ 

mortal enemy; ~rizh 

ژﲊــــlﻮــــﺧ bloodshedder, murderer; ~tâł 

ڵﺎµ¿lﻮﺧ dull, sluggish 

khwen|din نﺪــﻨــlﻮــﺧ khwen- ﻦــ§ ﻮــﺧ 

v.t. to 

call; to read; ~dawâr راوﻩﺪــ ﻨlﻮـﺧ 

literate; 

na~dawâr راوﻩﺪــﻨــlﻮــﺧﻪــﻧ illiterate; ~ar 

ر ﻪﻨlﻮﺧ reader 

khweřâî ﰃاg§ﻮﺧ free, at no cost 

khwishk ﮏـــﺷﻮـــﺧ sister; ~azâ ازﻪـــﮑـــﺷﻮـــﺧ 

nephew, niece; ~âyatî ﰏﻪــﯾﲀــﺷﻮــﺧ sisterhood 

kich ﭻﮐ girl, daughter 

kifn ﻦـﻔﮐ ـ winding sheet, shroud; ~ u difn 

kirdin ندﺮـB ﻦـﻓدوﻦـﻔﮐ 

ـ v.t. to shroud and 

200


bury 

kiłâw وÀـﮐ hat: ~yân chû sare “they were 

fooled”; ~řozhina ﻪـــژۆڕوÀ ﻧ ـــﮐ 

window, 

ridden 

kish|ân نﺎـﺸ' ـ kishe- âـﺸ' ـ v.i. to crawl up; 

to pass quickly; ~ân-awa ﻩوﻪـــﻧﺎـــﺸـــ' to 

skylight 

kiłesha ﻪــﺸــåــkــﮐ corpse; bin ~ i … chûn 

draw back, go backwards, stretch: 

wak lâstîk la bar yek dakishetawa it 

stretches like rubber; râ-~ân to 

v.i. to deceive, dupe 

kilîl ﻞﻴﳇ, kiłeł « kﮐ key 

stretch out, crawl; ~ândin نﺪــــﻧﺎــــﺸــــ' 

kishen- ﻦــــــــــــ å ﺸــــــ' v.t. to drag on the 

kilk ﮏﳇ finger; tail; pen 

kiło ﯚــkــﮐ lump, clod, clump; ~ qand ﯚــkــﮐ 

ﺪــﻧﻪــﻗ lump of sugar, ~ gił « ــﮔ 

ﯚــkــﮐ 

mud 

clod 

kiloj جﯚــــــﳇ manner, way: ba hîch ~èk in 

ground; to stretch; to weigh; ~ândinawa 

ﻩو ﻪﻧﺪﻧﺎﺸ' to pull back; to reweigh 

kishtukâł ڵﰷﻮﺘ8ﺸ' agriculture 

kiz ﺰــــــﮐ limp, thin, light; despondent; ~î 

no way whatsoever 

kiłoł ڵﯚkﮐ wretched 

kilor رﯚﳇ hollow 

kimîsar ر ﻪﺴõﳈ commissioner 

kin ﻦB side, by the side of 

kip ﭗــــﮐ deaf; silent; ~ u kař ڕﻪــــﮐوﭗــــﮐ 

despondency 

kizabâ ﻩﺰﮐ cold dry wind 

kizoła-kirdin ندﺮB ﻪTۆﺰﮐ v.t. to cringe 

kîlo ﯚﻠﻴB kilogram 

kîzhoła ﻪTۆ ﮐ young girl 

ko ﯚـﮐ collection, assembly; ~-bûnawa la 

deaf: gwem kip u kara my ear’s deaf; v.i. to assemble, gather around s.o.; 

~-kirdin v.t. to silence, shut up: kip- ~(wa)-kirdin v.t. to gather, collect; 

mân kirdin we shut them up 

kirân ناﺮـــB kire- ێﺮـــB v.p. passive of kir- 

~bûnawa (n.) meeting, assembly 

koch چﯚـــــــــﮐ decampment, migration; ~din; 

~awa to be opened: bakhtî kirâkirdin v.t. to leave, depart, decamp; ~ 

watawa he has had a stroke of luck 

kirâs ساﺮB shirt 

kirch چﺮB upripe, immature 

kirda ﻩدﺮB act 

kirdawa ﻩو ﻩدﺮB behavior, act, deed 

kirdin ندﺮـB ka- ﻪ ـﮐ 

(v.t., passive kirân) to 

i dwâî kirdin v.t. to pass away, die; 

~ar رﻪـ ﯚـﮐ 

migrant, migratory; ~î ﻰـﭼﯚـﮐ 

(year) of the Hegira 

kod دﯚﮐ wooden milk bowl; concave 

koł ڵﯚـــــﮐ back of the neck, middle of the 

shoulders; burden, load; ~-dânawa 

do (for -kirdin compounds, see first v.t. to lay down a burden, to give up; 

element); ~à …awa to put s.th. in/on: ba ~’dâ dân v.t. to sling something 

daykamà dawrîyèk i pânawa I’ll put it over one’s shoulder: kalupalakáy ko 

on a flat plate; ~awa to open; ~ ba kirdawa u ba kolî’dâ dâ u wa re kawt 

…dâ to pick up, take away; ~ da to he gathered his things, slung them 

set on, put to: râwchî tânjî’yân te kird over his shoulder, and went on his 

u kushtyân the hunters set their dogs way; la ~ kawtin v.i. to disappear; la 

on it, and they killed it; hał-~ to pass 

one’s life; to roll up (sleeves, pant 

legs); to light (fire); hał-~awa to attack 

kire ێﺮB wage 

kiřewa ﻩﻮlgﮐ blizzard 

kirekâr رﲀ§ﺮB laborer, worker 

kiřîn ﻦagﮐ = křîn 

kirm مﺮـB worm; ~oł ڵﯚـﻣﺮـB wormy, worm- 

~ kirdin v.t. to throw over the shoulder; 

~kesh ﺶـــåـــﮑـــTﯚـــﮐ porter; ~wâna 

ﻪﻧاﻮTﯚﮐ sack, back-pack 

kołaka ﻪﮐ ﻪTﯚﮐ column 

kołân نüﯚﮐ lane 

kołîn ﲔــــTﯚــــﮐ koł- ڵﯚــــﮐ v.i. to boil; ~awa 

ﻩوﻪـــ ﻨﻴTﯚـﮐ 

v.t. to investigate, research; le- 

~awa ﻩوﻪــﻨــﻴــ ﻟﯚــﮑــ 

ــﻟ 

to assemble; le~awa 

ﻩو ﻪﻨﻴTﯚﮑ ﻟ assembly, council 

201

kołka ﻪـﮑT ـﯚـﮐ 

imperfect, pseudo- (precedes 

word it modifies): ~malâ pseudomulla, 

~shekh pseudo-sheykh, ~pyâw 

half-baked guy 

komał ڵﻪـــــــﻣﯚـــــــﮐ society, organization; 

~âyatî ﰏﻪــﯾüﻪــﻣﯚــﮐ societal, social; ~ga 

ﻪﮕT ﻪﻣﯚﮐ, 

~gâ ﺎﮕT ﻪﻣﯚﮐ society 

komâr رﺎﻣﯚﮐ tribe, nation, republic 

kon 1 نﯚــﮐ old; ~asâł ڵﺎــﺳﻪــﯚﻧ ــﮐ 

aged, old in 

years 

kon 2 kufr ﺮﻓﻮB ingratitude; curse 

kul لﻮB eye, sight 

kuł 

نﯚﮐ tent 

kor رﯚــﮐ blind; ~awar رﻩوﻩرﯚــﮐ miserable; 

~î یرﯚﮐ misery 

koř ڕﯚــــﮐ gathering place, meeting place; 

society; group, delegation: ~èk i amrîkâî 

châwpekawtinèkyân lagał aw 

ḥâkimá bûwa an American delegation 

has had an interview with that ruler; 

~-bastin v.t. to meet, hold a meeting 

korpa ﻪﭘرﯚﮐ newborn 

kosh شﯚﮐ lap; bar~ شﯚﮐر ﻪﺑ apron 

koshish ﺶﺷﯚﮐ attempt, endeavor 

koshîn ﲔـﺷﯚـﮐ kosh- شﯚـﮐ v.i. to strive; te- 

~ to attempt, strive 

koshk ﮏﺷﯚﮐ kiosk, pavilion; palace 

kosp ﭗـــــﺳﯚـــــﮐ hill, difficulty: ba be ~ u 

kand leaving no stone unturned 

kot u zinjîr ﲑــــــﳒز و تﯚــــــﮐ 

shackles and 

fetters 

kotara ﻩرﻪــﯚﺗ ــﮐ 

tree trunk; ~dâr رادﻩرﻪــﯚﺗ 

ــﮐ 

tree trunk 

kotâî ﰃcﯚـــﮐ end; ~-henân ba v.t. to conclude, 

put an end to 

kotik ﮏéﯚﮐ a wooden bowl 

kotir ﺮéﯚﮐ dove 

kowa-kirdin ندﺮB ﻩوﯚﮐ = ko-kirdin 

krân ناﺮB kre- ێﺮB = kirân 

krândin نﺪـﻧاﺮـB kren- ﻦـ§ ﺮـB 

v.t. to scratch; 

hał-~ to scratch 

křîn ﻦagﮐ kř- gﮐ v.t. to buy 

kroshtin ﱳـﺷۆﺮـB krozh- ژۆﺮـB v.t.; dâ-~ to 

crunch with the teeth 

ktâw وﺎــ ﺘﮐ book; ~î یوﺎــ ﺘﮐ student; ~khâna 

ﻪﻧﺎLوﺎﺘﮐ library 

ktew ﻮ ﺘﮐ = ktâw 

1 ڵﻮـــــــــــــB boiling, raging grief, overwhelming 

sorrow; hâtinà ~ to come 

to a boil; ~ u ko raging, boiling: 

kułuko dâmird it went up in flames; 

~ân نüﻮـB kułe- âـTﻮـB v.i. to boil; ~ândin 

نﺪﻧüﻮB kułen- ﻦåTﻮB v.t. to boil 

kuł 2 SORANI KURDISH 

ڵﯚﮐ short 

kun نﻮـــــــــــــB hole, lair, nest; ~-kirdin to 

make a hole, to pierce; ~â áﻮــــــــB hole; 

~âmurî یرﻮﻣáﻮB anthill 

kundabu ﻮﺑ ﻩﺪﻧﻮB owl 

kunna ﻪﻨﻧﻮB water sack 

kupała ﻪT ﻪﭘﻮB jar, jug 

kuř ڕﻮB boy, son 

kurd درﻮــــــB Kurd; ~awârî یراوﻩدرﻮــــــB the 

Kurds; ~âyatî ﰏﻪــــﯾادرﻮــــB Kurdishness; 

~istân نﺎــﺘــــ 8 ﺳدرﻮــB 

Kurdistan; ~î یدرﻮــB 

Kurdish; ~sât تﺎـــــﺳدرﻮـــــB Kurdsat, the 

Kurdish satellite broadcast network 

kurkakurke âﮐرﻮB ﻪﮐرﻮB palpitating 

kurt ترﻮـــB short; ba ~î ﰏرﻮـــB ﻪـــﺑ 

in short; 

pâsh ~a wichânèk ﻚــ 

ــﻧﺎــ 

و ﻪــرﻮ 

ﺗ ــB 

شﺎــﭘ 

after a short pause 

kurûshka-kirdin ندﺮـــB ﻪـــﮑـــﺷوورﻮ 

ـــB 

v.t. to 

curl up 

kushtin ﱳﺷﻮB kuzh- ژﻮB v.t. to kill 

kut تﻮـــB piece; ~-kirdin v.t. to chop into 

pieces; ~ u mit chûn la نوﻮـﭼ 

ﺖـﻣوتﻮـB 

v v.i. to look exactly like; ~ u piř تﻮـــB 

g و sudden(ly) 

kutak کﻪــــﻮﺗ ــــB 

strike, blow; ~ pyâ mâłîn 

v.t. to strike: kutakèk’î pyâ mâłî he 

struck him 

kutân نcﻮــB kute- ÏﻮــB v.t. to beat, strike; 

dâ-~ to drive into the ground: aw 

singá’m dâkutâ I drove that stake into 

the ground; hał-~à sar to attack; te-~ 

to hit, strike, poke 

kutik ﮏéﻮB = kutak 

kuzh- ژﻮB see kishtin, kuzhân 

kuzhân ناژﻮــB kuzhe- ێژﻮــB v.i. to go out, 

be extinguished; ~awa ﻩوﻪــــﻧاژﻮــــB to be 

extinguished, be silenced 

202


kuzhândin نﺪــﻧاژﻮــB kuzhen- ﻦــ§ ژﻮــB 

v.t. to 

extinguish; dâ-~ to extinguish, put 

vicious, spiteful 

lanja ﻪـــــــﳒv stately walk, grace; ~-u-lâr 

out 

kûcha ﻪ وﻮB lane 

kûp پوﻮB vat; ~ala v ﻪﭘوﻮB jar 

kûř ڕوﻮB deep, steep 

kûtâł ڵcوﻮB goods, wares 

kûzh- ژوﻮB = kuzhkwâ 

اﻮB where is…? 

kwe ێﻮB where?: la ~ya? where is it? 

kwen ( 1) 

ﻦ§ﻮB = ken, (2) = kwe 

kwer ﺮـــ§ ﻮـــB 

blind; ~awar رﻩوﻩﺮـــ§ ﻮـــB 

miserable; 

~awarî یرﻩوﻩﺮـــــــ§ ﻮـــــــB 

misery; 

~asawâd داوﻪـﺳﻩﺮـ§ ﻮـB 

semi-literacy; ~âî 

ﰃاﺮ§ﻮB blindness 

kwestân نﺎﺘ8ﺴ‚ﻮB mountainous region 

la v (with encl. pronouns, le) in, at, 

stately, graceful walk 

laq قv loose; ~-kirdin v.t. to loosen, 

shake loose; shwen ~-kirdin ba to 

dislodge, displace: b’ aw hîwâyáî 

shwen’yân pe laq nakâ in hopes that 

he wouldn’t displace them 

laqab ب ﻪﻗv 

title, nickname 

laqam م ﻪﻗv 

= laqab 

laqândin نﺪـﻧﺎـﻗv laqen- ﻦــ åﻗv 

v.t. to shake; 

sar-~ to shake the head 

laqlaq ق Éﻗv 

stork 

lař ڕ v puny 

larîn ﻦــرa v lar- رv v.i. to shake; ~-awa to 

tremble, quiver 

larz|în v.i. ﻦـــــaزر v to shake, tremble; ~ok 

کۆزرv trembling: ba dangèk i ~ pey 

from; la …-awa from; la …-dâ in, at 

labar رﻪـــﺑv for the sake of, because of; ~ 

wit he said to him in a trembling 

voice; zawî la zher pey’dâ dalarzî the 

awaî because, since, inasmuch as; ~ 

dast i …dâ in front of, in the presence 

of, with 

labât i ﰏ v instead of 

lagał ڵﻪـــــــﮔv with; ~ awaî ka (conj.) de- 

ground shook under his foot 

lash ش v body 

lashkir ﺮـــــﮑـــــﺷv army; ~-keshân v.t. to 

mobilize an army 

lat تv piece, bit; ~-kirdin v.t. to cut 

spite the fact that, in addition to the into pieces; ~-u-pat bûn to be 

fact that 

lagham م ﻪôv 

tunnel 

laḥîmkrâw واﺮﮑﻤـ;ﺣ v soldered 

laka ﻪـــﮐv spot, stain, blemish; ~dâr ﻪـــﮐv 

راد stained, spotted; ~-kirdin v.t. to 

stain 

lakhorâzî ێزارﯚﺧ v self-satisfied 

lamař ڕ ﻪﻣv 

= labar 

lamaw و ﻪـــﻣv: 

~bar رﻪـــﺑوﻪـــﻣv previously; 

~pâsh شﺎﭘو ﻪﻣv 

henceforth, hereafter 

lamezhîna ﻪﻨﯾﮋåﻣ v see mezh 

lampar ر ﻪ‹ﻣv 

obstacle 

Landan ن ﻩﺪﻧv 

London 

langar رﻪـــﮕـــsv anchor; balance; ~-girtin 

shattered into bits; ~-u-pat kirdin to 

tear to pieces 

lawařgâ ﺎﮔڕ ﻩوv 

pasture 

lawař|ândin نﺪــــــــــــﻧاڕﻩوv v.t. to pasture, 

graze; ~în ﻦaڕ ﻩوv 

to pasture 

lâ ﻻ side; ~ i یﻻ for, in the opinion of, 

next to, near: lâ i ewâra bû it was 

near evening; to: am râzá’y lâ dirkând 

he disclosed this secret to him; ~ 

i kam مﻪــــــﮐ یﻻ at least; ~-chûn v.i. to 

get away, go aside: lâ cho! get out of 

here!; ~-dân v.t. to shove, push aside; 

to remove; to take up residence: la 

pař i shârawa lâ’yân dâ khânèk they 

v.t. to balance oneself: chona l’ am took up residence in a house on the 

sar dîwâr a bârîká langarî girtûa? edge of the city; to be a guest; to de- 

how has he kept his balance atop this 

narrow wall? 

lanj ﱋv viciousness, spite; ~bâz زﺎـــﺒـــﳒﻪـــﺑ 

viate; ~-dirân v.p. to be removed; ba 

~ i …awa ﻩوه... یﻻ ﻪــﺑ 

between; ~t wâ 

nabe / ﻪﻧ او تﻻ don’t think that… 

203


lâf فﻻ boast; ~-dân v.t. to boast 

lâfâw وﺎﻓﻻ flood 

lâga ﻪﮔﻻ village; ~î villager 

lâłân-awa ﻩوﻪـــــﻧüﻻ lâłe- âـــــﻟﻻ v.i. to beg, 

together; ~-dânawa v.t. to interpret: 

ba shûm bo khoyân lek dâyawa they 

interpreted it as an ill omen; ~-hâtin 

v.i. to go well together: makhmar u 

beseech 

lâmarkazî یز ﻪﮐرﻪﻣﻻ 

decentralization 

lân نﻻ extent; ~ i kam م ﻪﮐ ﱏﻻ at least 

lânawâz زاو ﻪﻧﻻ poor, helpless, lost 

lânik ﮏsﻻ cradle 

lâpařa ﻩڕ ﻪﭘﻻ page 

lâq قﻻ leg 

lâr رﻻ crooked; ~ u pâl kawtin لﺎـــــﭘ 

و رﻻ 

ﻦéو ﻪﻛ to fall in a heap 

lâsâr رﺎـﺳﻻ disobedient; ~î ىرﺎـﺳﻻ disobedience 

lâsha ﻪﺷﻻ corpse 

lât تﻻ poor, wretched; punk; ~-u-lût 

توﻮﻟ وتﻻ 

ruffian, hooligan 

lâtîr ﲑــﺗﻻ out of the corner of one’s eyes: 

konadawâr lek nadahât velvet and 

old tent material would not go well 

together; ~-nân to close, put together 

the two parts of something: châwakânim 

lek-nâ I closed my eyes, ktebaká’m 

lek nâ I shut the book; ~birrâw 

وا…ﮑ ﻟ separated 

lekolar ر vﯚﮑ ﻟ assembler, collector 

lekolînawa ﻩوﻪــــــ ﻨ ﻴ ﻟﯚــﮑــــ 

ﻟ assembly, collection; 

investigation 

leł-kirdin ندﺮB « ﻟ v.t. to sully, muddy 

lepirsînawa ﻩوﻪـûõﺳ ـ ـ ﺮـŒـ 

ـﻟ 

interrogation, investigation; 

khistinà bar ~ v.t. to 

interrogate 

leqawmâw وﺎـــﻣوﻪـــﻘـــ ـــﻟ 

grief-stricken (see 

~ twâshây kirdim he looked at me out 

of the corner of his eyes 

lâw وﻻ youth, young man 

lâwakî ﰽ ﻩوﻻ foreign 

lâwâz زاوﻻ skinny 

lâwech ﭻlوﻻ handful 

lâyangir ﺮﮕs ﻪﯾﻻ partisan 

lâyaq ق ﻪﯾﻻ appropriate 

lâzim مزﻻ necessary 

le âﻟ see la 

le: ~-dân ناﺪــــــ ــــــﻟ 

v.t. to hit, strike, play 

(musical instrument); to up and…: 

mâlâwâîy kird u leydâ u roysht he 

said goodbye and upped and left; ~kirdin 

to separate, take away; ~kirdinawa 

to separate; pick (fruit); ~nân 

bo v.t. to fix (food) for: shorbâm 

bo le-nâwa I’ve fixed soup for him 

łe- âT pres. stem of witin 

lefa ﻪﻔ ﻟ quilt 

lehâtû وﻮﺗﺎﻬ ﻟ worthy, considerable 

lek ﮏــ ــﻟ 

apart, from one another; ~-birrân 

v.p. to be separated; ~-bûn v.i. to 

qawmân) 

leř gåﻟ forest 

leshâw وﺎﺸåﻟ downpour 

lew ﻮ ﻟ lip 

lik ﮏـــ¢ branch, limb; ~adâr رادﻪـــﮑ ـــ¢ 

tree 

branch 

liq ﻖﻟ = lik 

lirf(a) فﺮﻟ ،ﻪﻓﺮﻟ roar (of a flood, oven) 

lînj ﺞﻨﻴﻟ cloying 

lîra ﻩﲑﻟ lira, pound 

lîta ﻪﺘﻴﻟ mud, mire 

lîwân ناﻮﻴﻟ drinking glass 

lîzga ﻪﮔﲒﻟ beads strung on a string 

lîzhna ﻪﻧ ﻟ committee 

loghat ت ﻪôﯚﻟ rumor 

loghân نﺎôﯚﻟ celebration, rejoicing 

loka ﻪﮐﯚﻟ cotton 

lolo ﯚـــــﻟﯚـــــﻟ beginning of certain Kurdish 

songs 

lotî ﰏﯚــــﻟ a professional singer and entertainer 

lulu ﻮﻟﻮﻟ pearl 

lûra ﻩروﻮـﻟ growl; ~lûr روﻮـﻟﻩروﻮـﻟ continual 

resemble each other; to be separated; 

~-bûn-awa v.i. to break into pieces; 

growling 

lûsh-kirdin ندﺮــــB شوﻮــــﻟ 

v.t. to swallow, 

to end (hostilities); ~-dân v.t. to mix gulp down 

204


lût توﻮـــــﻟ nose; ~ ba bar kho hâtinawa 

to regret; ~ ba kho dâ hâtinawa to 

be humiliated; ~-chûzânawa v.i. to 

be disappointed; ~-girtin v.t. to hold 

without cause 

małâs سü ﻪﻣ = miłâz 

małband د ﻪﺒTﻪﻣ 

area, region 

malotik ﮏ ـéﯚـﻟﻪـ 

ﻣ , malotka ﻪـﮑé ـﯚـﻟﻪـﻣ 

babe in 

the nose; ~-hał-kirdin v.t. to get 

angry; ~-shikân v.i. to be disappointed, 

ashamed; ~-shikândin v.t. to 

disappoint, to chastize; ~barz haughty, 

nose in the air; dast ba ~awa 

girtin to hold one’s nose 

má- ﻪـــــــــــﻣ neg. imperative prefix: máro 

don’t go 

mába ﻪ ـﺑﻪـﻣ 

(neg. impt. sing. of bûn) don’t 

be 

mabas س ﻪﺑﻪﻣ 

aim, goal 

mabast ﺖﺳ ﻪﺑﻪﻣ 

= mabas 

mabda’ ءﻩﺪﺑﻪﻣprinciple machak ک ﻪ ﻪﻣ arm 

magar ( 1) 

رﻪـــﮔﻪـــﻣ 

introduces an affirmative 

question to which a negative answer 

is expected: magar dazânî? you 

don’t know, do you?; (2) introduces a 

swaddling clothes 

mamik ﮏﻣ ﻪﻣ breast 

mamlakat ت ﻪﮐÉﻣﻪﻣ 

country, realm 

manjał ڵ ﻪﳒﻪﻣ 

pot 

manzil لﺰs ﻪﻣ stopping place, destination 

maqâm مﺎﻗ ﻪﻣ station 

mař ڕ ﻪﻣ sheep 

marad د ﻩرﻪﻣ 

state, condition 

marâq قارﻪــــﻣ wishing, wondering; la ~ i 

…dâ bûn v.i. to wonder about 

march چرﻪــــﻣ mashed, squashed; ~în ﻪــــﻣ 

ﲔـــــــــــــ ر v.i. to be mashed, squashed; 

~ândin نﺪﻧﺎ ر ﻪﻣ v.t. to mash, squash 

marez ﺰــ§ رﻪــﻣ 

sick, ill; ~khâna ﻪــﻧﺎــLﺰ 

ــ§ 

رﻪــﻣ 

infirmary 

marg گر ﻪﻣ death 

marḥûm موﻮﺣر ﻪﻣ the late 

marj جرﻪـﻣ promise, condition; b’ aw ~áî 

ی ﻪـêرﻪـﻣ 

وﻪـﺑ 

(+ subj.) on condition that, 

negative question to which an affirmative 

answer is expected: magar 

namgut? didn’t I say so?, (3) unless: 

magar bimirim, danâ daykam unless I 

die—otherwise I’ll do it 

magaz ز ﻪﮔﻪﻣ 

fly 

magîn ﲔﮔ ﻪﻣ = magar 

Maḥmûd دوﻮـﲪﻪـﻣ Mahmud, masc. proper 

name 

mak ک ﻪـﻣ: 

shit-u-~ کﻪـﻣوﺖـﺷ tools, stuff, 

provided that 

markaz ز ﻪﮐرﻪﻣ 

center 

mařtaba ﻪﺑ ﻪﺗڕﻪﻣ 

time, instance; degree 

masala v ﻪﺳﻪﻣ 

affair, question, object 

masâf فﺎﺳ ﻪﻣ battle 

mashq ﻖــﺷﻪــﻣ exercise, drill; sar~ ﻪــﻣرﻪــﺳ 

ﻖﺷ lesson 

mashrût|a ﻪــــــﺗووﴍﻪــــــﻣ constitution; ~akhwâz 

زاﻮـــﺧﻪـــﺗووﴩـــﻣ constitutionalist; 

~iyat تﻪـــﻴـــﺗووﴍﻪـــﻣ the Constitutional 

paraphernalia 

makân نﰷ ﻪﻣ place 

makhmar ر ﻪﲬﻪﻣ 

velvet 

mako ﯚـــﮐﻪـــﻣ a crowded place, gathering, 

Movement in Iran 

mast ﺖــﺳﻪــﻣ drunk; ~î drunkenness, inebriation 

matał ڵﻪــﺗﻪــﻣ riddle; ~-zândrân v.p. for a 

cluster 

mal ل ﻪﻣ bird 

mala vﻪــــــــــﻣ swimming; ~-kirdin v.t. to 

swim; ~wân ناو vﻪﻣ 

swimmer 

malâ ﻻ ﻪــــــﻣ, 

małâ üﻪــــــﻣ mulla, religious 

riddle to be figured out 

matâ-dân ناد cﻪـــــــــــــــﻣ 

to crouch on the 

ground in expectation, ambush 

mawdâ ( 1) 

ادوﻪـﻣ 

edge, tip (of sword); (2) 

period (of time); (3) distance: gundèk 

authority 

malâbângdân ناﺪﮕs ﻻ ﻪﻣ dawn 

małâmat تﻪــــــﻣüﻪــــــﻣ reason, cause; be~ 

i dîka habû ka mawdây la mâl i najâr 

zor bû there was another village, the 

distance of which from the carpen- 

205

ter’s house was great; (4) opportunity, 

chance: mawdâm niya biyânbînim I 

won’t have a chance to see them; la ~ 

i through, by means of 

mawzûn نووزوﻪــﻣ metrical, having poetic 

meter 

maydân ناﺪﯾ ﻪﻣ field, arena 

maynatî ﰏ ﻪﻨﯾﻪﻣ 

grief 

maysar رﻪـﺴß ـﻪـﻣ 

possible; ~-kirdin v.t. to 

make possible, carry out 

maytar ر ﻪﺘﯾﻪﻣ 

groom 

mazât تاز ﻪﻣ auction, sale 

mazin نز ﻪﻣ great, huge 

mazina ﻪﻧز ﻪﻣ = mazinda 

mazinda ﻩﺪـزﻧ ﻪـﻣ 

guess, estimate; ~-kirdin 

ba v.t. to estimate at 

mazrâ ارز ﻪﻣ farm 

mazrân نارزﻪـﻣ mazre- ێرزﻪـﻣ v.i. to stay, 

dwell, be established; dâ-~ to be set 

up (tent), be established, be appointed 

mazrândin ـﻧارزﻪـﻣ 

نﺪ mazren- ـ§ 

رزﻪـﻣ 

dâ-~ ba to set up (tent), appoint as, 

establish 

mâch چﺎﻣ kiss; ~-kirdin v.t. to kiss 

mâdâm مادﺎﻣ as long as 


negotiate with, bargain with 

mâmir ﺮﻣﺎﻣ chicken 

mâmo ﯚﻣﺎﻣ uncle (paternal) 

mâmostâ ﺎﺘ8ﺳﯚﻣﺎﻣ teacher 

mân نﺎــﻣ men- ﻦــåــﻣ v.i. to remain; (neg., 

namân) to cease to exist, to be no 

more; ~-awa v.i. to stay behind, be 

left behind; dâ-~ to be flabbergasted, 

perplexed; râ-~ to pause, to stop and 

think 

mânâ áﺎـــــــﻣ meaning, significance; ~dâr 

رادáﺎﻣ significant 

mândû ووﺪـــــــﻧﺎـــــــﻣ tired; ~-bûn v.i. to be 

tired; ~-kirdin v.t. to tire out: zorî 

mândû kirdim it made me very tired; 

~î ﱙووﺪــــــــﻧﺎــــــــﻣ tiredness, exhaustion; 

~nabûn kirdin la v.t. to greet 

someone who is working 

mândwetî ﱴlوﺪﻧﺎﻣ tiredness, exhaustion 

mâng ﮓــsﺎــﻣ moon, month; ~âna ﻪــﻧﺎــﮕــs 

ﺎــﻣ 

ﻦ v.t.: monthly salary; ~î ﯽــــﮕــــsﺎــــﻣ monthly, 

lunar 

mângâ ﺎﮕsﺎﻣ cow 

mângir ﺮﮕsﺎﻣ obstinate 

mâfûr روﻮﻓﺎﻣ carpet 

mâł ڵﺎــــﻣ house, home; ~akî ﰽﻪــــTﺎــــﻣ like 

mâr رﺎﻣ snake 

mâra ﻩرﺎـــــــﻣ marriage; ~-kirdin la v.t. to 

give in marriage to: kichaká i khoy le 

family, a member of the household; 

~ât تüﺎــﻣ possessions; ~lakoł ڵﯚــﮐﻪــTﺎــﻣ 

nomadic, vagrant, wanderer; ~werânî 

ﱏاﺮـــــ§ ﻮـــــTﺎـــــﻣ 

destruction, devastation; 

chûnà ~è v.i. to go home 

mâłâwâ اوüﺎــــﻣ goodbye; ~î-kirdin la v.t. 

to say goodbye to 

mâłîn ﲔــTﺎــﻣ v.t. to strike, hit; to rub: ronî 

pyâ bimâla rub some oil on it; to 

mâra kird he gave him his daughter in 

marriage; ~î ﰃ ﻩرﺎﻣ wedding gift 

mârakuł ڵﻮB ﻩرﺎﻣ scorpion 

mâshen ﻦåﺷﺎﻣ autombile, car 

mâsî ﳻﺎـــﻣ fish; ~-girtin v.t. to fish; ~gir 

ﺮﮕﻴ8ﺳﺎﻣ fisherman 

mâst ﺖﺳﺎﻣ yoghurt 

mâsûlka ﻪﮑ¢وﻮﺳﺎﻣ sinew 

mât تﺎـــــــــــﻣ silent; stunned into silence; 

sweep; dâ-~ to take off, throw off: jil grief-stricken; shorter than others: aw 

i pâshâî’y la bar khoy dâmâlî she bardânaî da regat girtûa yekyân ~a 

threw off her regal garb; râ-~ to one of those stones you have lined up 

sweep away, drive off, repel; ~awa to is shorter than the others; ~î stunned 

take everything away, to clear; to pol- silence; perplexity; sorrow; ~-kirdin 

ish 

mâm مﺎﻣ paternal uncle 

mâmała ﻪــTﻪــﻣﺎــﻣ transaction, interaction; 

~-kirdin lagał v.t. to interact with; to 

to checkmate; to stun into silence 

mâtam مﻪـﺗﺎـﻣ bereavement; ~zada ﻩدﻩﺰـﻣﻪـﺗﺎـﻣ 

bereaved, grieving, mourning 

mâwa ﻩوﺎــــﻣ period (of time): dwâ i ~yek, 

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pâsh ~yèk after a while; mâwayèk râ- ground 

bwârd a period of time passed millat ت Éﻠﻣ nation 

mâyin ﻦaﺎﻣ mare 

mimbârak کﻩرﺎــــــﺒــــــﳑ happy, felicitous, 

me âﻣ female 

blessed 

megal لﻪﮕ¥ﻣ flock, herd; ~ a mař vﻪﮕ¥ﻣ 

min ﻦﻣ I, me 

ـ ـ ـ 

ڕ ﻪﻣ flock of sheep 

memil ﻞﻤ¥ﻣ calamity, catastrophe 

merd دﺮåﻣ man, husband 

ـ ـ ـ 

merg گﺮåﻣ meadow 

mesh ﺶــåــﻣ fly, honeybee; ~ûla vوﻮــﺸــåــﻣ 

mosquito 

meshik ﮏﺸåﻣ brain, mind; skull 

meshûla vوﻮﺸåﻣ mosquito 

mewa ﻩﻮــ¥ ــﻣ 

fruit; ~ron نۆرﻩﻮــ¥ ــﻣ 

marma- 

minatbâr i یرﺎﺒﺗ ﻪûﻣ grateful for 

minâł ڵﺎــ ûﻣ child; ~âna ﻪـﻧüﺎــ ûﻣ childish; ~î 

ﯽـTﺎــ ûﻣ childhood; ~ochka ﻪـﮑﭼ ـ ﯚـTﺎــ 

ûﻣ small 

child, baby 

minâra ﻩرﺎûﻣ tower, minaret 

mindâł ڵاﺪûﻣ = minâl 

minga ﻪـﮕûﻣ ـ ـ snort: mingayèkî lewa dahât 

u wa dar dakawt he snorted and left 

miqomqo ﯚـــﻘـــﻣﯚـــﻘـــﻣ yelling, screaming, 

lade: wak mewaron labar dast i 

dawlata khâwan zordârân-dâ bûn 

they were like putty in the hands of 

powerful nations 

mewân ناﻮــ¥ ــﻣ 

guest; ~dâr راﺪــﻧاﻮــ¥ ــﻣ 

host; 

~dârî-kirdin ندﺮB یراﺪﻧاﻮ¥ﻣ v.t. to host 

mewizh ژﻮ¥ﻣ raisins 

mez ﺰåﻣ table, desk 

mezar ر ﻩﺰåﻣ turban 

mezh ﮋـــــåـــــﻣ long time; la ~-a for a long 

time, (+ neg. pres. perf.) it’s been a 

uproar 

mir ﺮـــــــﻣ hen; ~âwî یواﺮـــــــﻣ duck; ~îshk 

ﮏﺸßﺮﻣ chicken 

miř gــﻣ satiated, sated: awanda’y khwârdûa 

miř bûa he ate his fill 

miř-u-misht ﺖﺸﻣ و gﻣ fight, quarrel 

moch چﯚﻣ frowning 

mirândin نﺪـﻧاﺮـ ﻣ miren- ﻦـ§ ﺮـﻣ 

v.t. to cause 

to die; kho- ~ to play dead 

mirârî یراﺮﻣ pearl 

mirchqândin نﺪـﻧﺎــ ﻘﭼﺮـﻣ 

mirchqen- ﻦـــ 

åﻘﭼﺮـﻣ 

long time since: la ~a namdîtûyta it’s 

been a long time since I saw you, I 

haven’t seen you for a long time; 

la~îna ﻪﻨﯾﮋåﻣ v ancient, very old 

mezhû ووﮋــ åﻣ history; ~nûs سوﻮـﻧووﮋ ــ åﻣ historian 

midbaq ق ﻪﺑﺪﻣ kitchen 

Miḥamad د ﻪـﻣﻪـﳏ, 

Miḥmid ﺪ ـﶊ, 

Miḥimid 

ﺪﶊ Mohammed, masc. proper name 

mijrî یﺮﳎ box, chest 

mil ﻞـــــــﻣ neck; ~-nân la v.t. to head for; 

~huř ڕﻮــــﻬــــــــ ﻠ ﻣ tough, bully; charlatan; 

~kach چﻪـﮑﻠﻣ ـ ـ obedient, subservient; la 

~ dân v.t. to behead 

mił « ـــــﻣ 

sniff; ~-kirdin v.t. to sniff; ~-umo 

kirdin ندﺮــــB ﯚــــﻣ 

و « ــــﻣ 

v.t. to sniff 

around looking for food 

miłâz زÀ ــــــــــــــــﻣ 

: kho ~-dânawa v.t. to 

crouch on the ground in ambush: khoy 

le miłâz dâwa he crouched on the 

v.t. to crumple 

mirdâr رادﺮﻣ carrion 

mirdin ندﺮﻣ mir- ﺮﻣ v.i. to die 

mirdov ڤۆدﺮﻣ man 

mirdû وودﺮﻣ dead; ba ~î dead 

mirîshk ﮏﺸßﺮﻣ chicken 

mirkân نﰷﺮــﻣ v.i. to subside; dâ-~ to settle 

down: bo chi nâmirkî why don’t 

you settle down?; to die down (flame, 

fire): âgir dâmirkâwa the fire has died 

down; dâ-mirkândin mirken- v.t. to 

quieten down 

mirkh خﺮﻣ passion, lust 

mirov ڤۆﺮـﻣ man, person, one: ~èk i feudâl 

u pûldâr bûwa he was a feudal 

and wealthy man 

mirwârî یراوﺮﻣ = mirârî 

misha ﻪﺸﻣ frequent 

mishik ﮏﺸﻣ mouse 

misogar رﻪـﮔﯚـﺴﻣ ـ insured; ~ kirdin to in- 

207


sure 

mist ﺖـﺴﻣ ـ fist; palm (of the hand), hand- 

muflîs ﺲõﻠﻓﻮﻣ bankrupt, impoverished 

mu‘jîza ﻩﲒــــﲺﻮــــﻣ miracle; ~yek i pâshaful; 

~-washândin v.t. to box, hit, 

strike with the fist 

mitâłâ üﺎµﻣ study, contemplation 

mitmâna ﻪـﻧ0ـﻣ safe, secure (ba) in, trusting 

(ba) in 

miza ﻩﺰﻣ wage; expense 

mizgawt تو ﻪﮔﺰﻣ mosque 

mizgen ﻦåﮔﺰﻣ good news 

mizgit ﺖﮔﺰﻣ = mizgawt 

mizh ﮋـــــــﻣ inhaling; ~-dân v.t. to inhale: 

~èk i qûlî la jigarakáy dâ he took a 

deep drag on his cigarette 

mizhda ﻩدﮋﻣ good news 

mizhî یﮋﻣ brain 

mizhîn ﻦaﮋﻣ mizh- ﮋﻣ v.t. to suck 

mizmaḥîl ﻞ;ﺣ ﻪﻣﺰﻣ deprived, destitute 

mîch ﭻ;ﻣ roof 

mîdyâ pﺪ;ﻣ media 

mîl ﻞ;ﻣ stripe (in cloth) 

mîll|at ت Éﻠﻣ nation; ~î ﰏ Éﻠﻣ national 

mînga ﻪـﮕﻨ;ﻣ ـــ nasality, talking through the 

nose 

mîrât تاﲑﻣ legacy, heritage 

mîrî یﲑﻣ governmental 

mîrûla vووﲑﻣ ant 

mîtr ﱰ;ﻣ meter 

mîwân ناﻮ;ﻣ guest 

mokh خﯚـــﻣ brain, marrow; ~-keshân v.t. 

rozh a latter-day miracle 

mukriyânî ﱏpﺮBﻮﻣ of the Mukri region 

musulmân نﺎﳌﻮــﺳﻮــ ﻣ Muslim; ~î Muslimism, 

Islam 

mutaham م ﻪﻫﻪﺗﻮﻣ 

accused 

muwaqat تﻪـــــــﻗﻩﻮـــــــﻣ temporary, provisional: 

hikûmatèk i muwaqat i Kurdistân 

a provisional government of 

Kurdistan 

mû وﻮﻣ hair; ~khor رﯚﺧوﻮﻣ depilatory 

mûch چوﻮــﻣ wrist, ankle; ~awâna ﻪــ 

وﻮــﻣ 

ﻪﻧاو bracelet 

mûcha ﻪــ وﻮــﻣ 

portion; wage; one-family 

farm; ~khor رﯚـﺧﻪـ وﻮـﻣ 

salaried, wageearner: 

kâkim ~ i dawlata my brother 

is salaried by the government 

mûchândin نﺪـﻧﺎـ وﻮـﻣ 

mûchen- ﻦــ å وﻮـﻣ 

v.t. 

to bend; dâ-~ to turn up (cuff, hem) 

mûnândin نﺪـﻧáوﻮـﻣ mûnen- ﻦــ åﻧوﻮـﻣ 

v.t. to 

spin (thread) 

na ﻪﻧ no 

ná- ﻪﻧ negative subjunctive prefix 

nabaga ﻪﮔ ﻪﺑﻪﻧ 

weak, feeble 

nabân ن ﻪـــــــﻧ 

animal that spurns its own 

young; not on speaking terms: kâkim 

lemân ~a, nâmândwene my brother’s 

not on speaking terms with us, he 

to bother, annoy 

molaq قvﯚـــــــــﻣ staring: châwî ba molaq 

wastâ he stood staring into space 

mołat ت ﻪTﯚﻣ respite 

mom مﯚﻣ candle 

moř ڕﯚــــــــﻣ frowning; hard stare; ~-bûn- 

doesn’t speak to us; ~-kirdin v.t. to 

spurn, to disown; to turn away from 

nabz ﺰñ ﻪﻧ pulse 

naft ﺖﻓ ﻪﻧ oil, petroleum 

nagbat ت ﻪﺒﮔﻪﻧ 

calamity; unlucky 

nagrîs ﺲــﺮß ــﮔﻪــﻧ 

stubborn, badly behaved; 

awa la to stare at 

mor رﻮــــــﻣ violet; virgin; seal; ant; ash; ~ 

mean, evil 

naguta ﻪــﻮﺗ ــﮔﻪــﻧ 

unspoken: ~ la jwâbakám 

kirdin to seal 

mora ﻩرﯚـــــــــﻣ crack in a mud wall; game 

piece 

mu ﻮﻣ sorrow, worry 

muchiřka ﻪﮐgﭼﻮﻣ shiver, shudder 

mufařik کڕﻪــــﻓﻮــــﻣ auspiciousness, good 

te gaysht he understood my unspoken 

answer 

najîbzâda ﻩداﱫ;ﺟ ﻪﻧ aristocratic 

najâr رﺎê ﻪﻧ carpenter; ~î carpentry 

nak کﻪـــــﻧ and not: ~ pechawânakáy and 

not vice-versa; dû jâr’it le birdawa, 

omen 

nak se you’ve beat him twice, not 

208


three times; ba râstî awaî tyâ chûa 

minim, nak aw really the one who 

was lost was I, not he 

nakhosh شﯚـــــــﺧﻪـــــــﻧ ill, patient; kho ~khistin 

v.t. to pretend to be ill; ~î 

ﳽﯚــﺧﻪــﻧ illness; ~khâna ﻪــﻧﺎــÿــﺷﯚــﺧﻪــﻧ 

courage; to trip, stumble 

naw‘ عو ﻪﻧ type, sort 

nawa ﻩو ﻪﻧ grandchild 

nawanda ﻩﺪﻧ ﻩوﻪﻧ 

fall planting 

nawân ناو ﻪﻧ naw- و ﻪﻧ v.i. to bend over 

nawândin نﺪـــﻧاوﻪـــﻧ nawen- ﻦـــ§ وﻪـــﻧ 

v.t. to 

hospital 

nakhsh ﺶــﺧﻪــﻧ role: ~ i daraja dû yâ sey 

lower; dâ-~ to lower, bring down 

nawîn ﻦـــــــaوﻪـــــــﻧ v.i. to cave in: bânakáy 

haya it has a secondary or tertiary 

role; piř ~ u nîgâr رﺎـــﮕـــﻴـــﻧ 

وﺶـــﺧﻪـــﻧ 

gـــ 

beautiful 

nakhsha ﻪـﺸﺧ ـ ﻪـﻧ 

map, plan; ~-dâ-nân v.t. 

nawîbû his roof had caved in 

nawroz زۆرو ﻪﻧ the vernal equinox 

nawsha ﻪﺷو ﻪﻧ poetry; ~kâr رﰷ ﻪﺷوﻪﻧ 

poet 

Nawshîrwân ناوﲑــــــﺷوﻪــــــﻧ Anosharwan, 

to lay a plan; ~-keshân v.t. to lay a 

plot; ~-keshânawa v.t. to draw maps, 

make plans 

nakhshândin نﺪـــﻧﺎـــﺸـــﺧﻪـــﻧ nakhshen- ﻪـــﻧ 

ﻦåﺸﺧ v.t. to draw 

nakht ﺖـﺧﻪـﻧ bit; ~è(k) ﮏـــ µﺧﻪـﻧ 

a bit, a little, 

a while; ~-u-pukht ﺖــﺧﻮــﭘ 

وﺖــﺧﻪــﻧ 

completely: qsaká’y ~ la bardam’dâ 

Sassanian shah of Iran 

nazhâd داژ ﻪﻧ race, lineage 

nazîla Éﯾز ﻪﻧ short story 

nazm مز ﻪﻧ poetry 

nâ á no, oh no 

nââsâî ﰃﺎﺳﺎﺋá unusual, unaccustomed 

nâbâwařî یڕ ﻩو á disbelief 

nâchâr رﺎـــ á helpless, there was nothing 

nâ he had his say completely 

nakhwâzâ ازاﻮﺧ ﻪﻧ especially 

nakhwendawâr راو ﻩﺪﻨlﻮﺧﻪﻧ 

illiterate 

nalâmat ت ﻪﻣﻻﻪﻧ 

accursed 

namâm مﺎﻣ ﻪﻧ sapling 

namâm-kirdin ندﺮــــB مﺎــــﻣﻪــــﻧ 

v.t. to have 

someone walled up: khân kâwrâyèkî 

namâm kird the khan had a man 

walled up 

namân نﺎﻣ ﻪﻧ → mân 

nana ﻪﻧ ﻪﻧ grandmother 

nanâsîwî یﻮــﻴــــ 8 ﺳáﻪــﻧ 

disguise: la ~ in disguise, 

in secret; kho la ~ dân la v.t. 

he could do 

nâdyâr رpدá invisible, unseen 

nâf فá navel 

nâguzûr رووزﻮـــــــــــــﮔá destitute, povertystricken 

nâḥaq قﻪــــÑá dishonest, unrightful; ba ~ 

ق ﻪÑá ﻪﺑ unjustly 

nâḥaz ز ﻪÑá ugly; enemy 

nâkâw, la وﰷá v suddenly, all of a 

sudden 

nâkh خá depth, interior: la ~ i âkh’dâ 

inside the earth, in the grave 

nâkher ﺮــــ å Lﻪــﻧ 

no; ba ~ i gyânim unwill- 

to be secretly in favor of 

naqândin نﺪـــﻧﺎـــﻗﻪـــﻧ naqen- ﻦــــــ å ﻗﻪـــﻧ 

v.t. to 

ingly 

nâkhosh شﯚـــــﺧá unpleasant; ~î ﳽﯚـــــﺧá 

choose, select 

nařândin نﺪـﻧاڕﻪـﻧ nařen- ﻦـ§ ڕﻪـﻧ 

v.t. to roar, 

scream 

nardîwân ناﻮﯾدر ﻪﻧ ladder, staircase 

nargiz ﺰﮔر ﻪﻧ narcissus 

narît ﺖﯾر ﻪﻧ custom, manner 

nastařin ﻦaڕ ﻪﺘ8ﺳﻪﻧ 

eglantine 

natawa ﻩوﻪــﺗﻪــﻧ nation: ~ yekgirtûakân the 

United Nations; ~î ﰃ ﻩوﻪﺗﻪﻧ 

national 

natra ﻩﺮــéﻪــﺗ courage; ~-birdin v.t. to lose 

unpleasantness 

nâł ڵá horseshoe; ~dâr راﺪTá horse 

nâla vá wail, lament; ~bâr ر vá sad, 

lamentable 

nâlândin نﺪـــﻧﻻá nâlen- ﻦـــåـــﻟá v.t. to bemoan 

nâm|a ﻪﻣá letter; ~îlka ﻪﮑﻠ;ﻣá pamphlet 

nâmo ﯚﻣá stranger, foreign 

nân نá bread, food; ~-khwârdin to eat, 

have a meal; ~araq قﻩرﻪـﻧá dry crust of 

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bread; ~awâ اوﻪـــﻧá baker; ~azig گزﻪـــﻧá 

nâtawâw واوﻪــﺗá deficient, incomplete; ~î 

someone who works for his board; 

~kar ر ﻪﮐﻪﻧá 

breadmaker, baker 

deficiency 

nâumed ﺪ ﻮــﺋá 

in despair, desperate; ~- 

nân نá ne- Í (v.t., pass. nirân nre-) to 

put, place; dâ-~ to put down, set 

down, to compose, put together 

(book): ktebèkî dânâwa he has written 

a book; râ-~ v.t. to exhibit, show; 

le-~ bo to fix food for: shorbâm bo 

le-nâwa I’ve fixed soup for him; pe- 

~à to make it to: agar aw shawá 

bimâbâya, pemân danâyà rozh i shasham 

if he had remained that night, 

we would have made it to the sixth 

day; sar-~awa to lay one’s head 

down (to sleep) 

nâpâk کﺎﭘá unclean, filthy 

nâřazâ|î ﰃازﻩڕá unhappiness, dissatisfaction; 

~yatî ﰏ ﻪﯾازاڕá ditto 

nâřawâ او ﻩڕá unreadable 

nârâstawkho ﯚﺧو ﻪﺘ8ﺳارá indirect 

nârâzî یزارá unhappy, dissatisfied 

nârdin ندرá ner- ﺮåﻧ v.t. to send 

nârdîwân ناﻮﯾدرá ladder 

nârdrân ناردرá nârdre- ێردرá v.p. to be 

sent 

nâsândin نﺪـــﻧﺎـــﺳá nâsen- ﻦـــåـــﺳá v.t. to 

introduce, make known 

nâshe âـــﺷá it’s not right, it’s not proper, 

shouldn’t 

nâshtin ﱳـﺷá nezh- ﮋــ åﻧ v.t. to bury in the 

ground, plant in the ground 

nâsik ﮏﺳá fine, thin 

nâs|în ﲔــﺳá nâs- سá v.t. to know, be acquainted 

with, recognize; ~înawa 

ﻩوﻪــــûــــõــــﺳá to recognize: nâynâsîtawa 

don’t you recognize him?; ~rân v.p. 

ناﴎá to be known, recognized; ~rân 

ba ﻪـــﺑ ناﴎá v.p. to be known as; ~râw 

واﴎá well-known, famous; ~yâr رﺎـــ 

ﻴ8ﺳá 

acquaintance; ~yâw وﺎـــ ﻴ8ﺳá 

acquainted; 

na~yâw وﺎـــ ﻴ8ﺳáﻪـﻧ 

unacquainted: nanâs- 

ــ¥ ــﻣ 

kirdin v.t. to dash someone’s hopes: 

hîwâdârim nâumedmân nakay I hope 

you won’t dash our hopes; ~î despair 

nâw 1 وá midst, middle; among, between; 

la ~ birdin v.t. to eradicate, get rid of; 

la ~ chûn v.i. to disappear, cease to 

exist; ~ařâst ﺖــــﺳاڕﻩوá middle; ~arok 

کۆرﻩوá contents; ~and ﺪـــــرﻧ ﻩوá center; 

~andî یﺪـــــﻧﻩوá central; ~châw وﺎـــــ 

وá 

forehead; ~qad دﻪـــــــــــﻗوá waist; ~râst 

ﺖـــــــﺳاروá middle, center; ~châw-turshândin 

نﺪﻧﺎﺷرﻮﺗ وﺎ وá v.t. to frown 

ﮓــــــs fame, renown; 

~dâr رادوá renowned; ba~bâng 

nâw 2 وá name; ~bâng وá 

ﮓs وá ﻪﺑ famous, well-known 

ــــــµ ــــــﺧﻩوá 

nâwakhtâ, la ﺎ v at an unusual 

time, unexpectedly 

nâwcha ﻪ ـ وá, 

newcha ﻪـ ﻮـ 

ـﻧ 

administrative 

region 

nâwik کوá pit: ~ a khurmâ date pit 

nâyeł- ڵﻪــــــــــــﯾá dial. var. for nâheł- (see 

heshtin) 

nâyen- ن ﻪﯾá see henân 

nâz زá coquetry; ~dâr رادزá dear, cute; 

ba ~-u-goz bakhew-kirdin v.t. to 

spoil (a child) 

nâzlâw وﻻزá tender shoot 

nâznâw وáزá nickname, nom de plume 

ne Í pres. stem of nân 

nechîr ﲑ¬ ﻧ prey 

negatîv ﭫ ﺗ ﻪﮕ ﻧ negative 

ner ﺮåﻧ male; ~îna male 

nerdîwân ناﻮﯾدﺮåﻧ = nârdîwân 

nerdrân ناردﺮåﻧ = nerrân 

nerrân نارﺮــــــ å ﻧ nerre- ێرﺮ ــــــ å ﻧ (passive of 

nârdin) to be sent 

new ﻮ ﻧ = nâw, nâwcha 

newarok کۆر ﻩﻮ ﻧ contents 

newchâwân ناوﺎ ﻮ ﻧ forehead, brow 

nezh- ﮋåﻧ pres. stem of nâshtin 

yâwèk biydîbân if someone who 

didn’t know them were to see them nigrîs ﺲßﺮﮕs = nagrîs 

nâsor رﯚﺳá an infected sore, gangrene nihen ﻦــåــﳖ secret, hidden; ~î secret, hid- 

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den thing; ba ~î in secret, secretly 

nihom مﯚﳖ floor, story 

nimakbaḥarâm مارﻪــÑﻪــﺒــBﻪــﳕ ingrate, un- 

nok کﯚـــــﻧ chickpea; ~âw وﰷﯚـــــﻧ chickpea 

soup 

nokar رﻪـــﮐﯚـــﻧ servant; ~âyatî ﰏﻪـــﯾارﻪـــﮐﯚـــﻧ 

grateful 

nimûna ﻪـــــﻧوﻮـــــﳕ example, sample; ~ nî- 

servitude, service 

nokîsa ﻪﺴõﮐﯚﻧ nouveau riche 

noł ڵﯚــــــــــﻧ soft: zhûshik ba bechû i khoy 

shân-dân v.t. to give as an example 

nirân ناﺮs nre- ێﺮs v.p. passive of nân 

nirka ﻪﮐﺮs rumble, rumbling sound 

nirkândin نﺪــﻧﰷﺮــs nirken- ﻦــåــﮐﺮــs v.t. to 

grunt, to make a rumbling sound 

nirkh خﺮـs value, worth; ~dâr راﺪـLﺮـ s valuable; 

ba~ خﺮــsﻪــﺑ worthwhile, valuable; 

~ândin نﺪ ـﻧﺎـLﺮـ 

s ~en- ﻦ ﺮـs 

v.t. to evalu- 

ــ åL 

ate (ba as) 

nishân نﺎﺸÎ = nîshân 

niwishta ﻪﺘ8ﺷﻮﻧ inscription 

niyâz زﺎﻴﻧ need; desire 

dałe okhay roła narm u nołakám the 

porcupine says to its baby, “O my 

soft little one” 

nomâ ﺎﻣﯚﻧ colt 

nomâł ڵﺎﻣﯚﻧ newly wed 

nora ﻩرﯚﻧ turn 

nosh شﯚﻧ: ~ i gyân cheers, bon appetit 

noshân نﺎﺷﯚﻧ nosh- شﯚﻧ v.t. to drink 

noshâtir ﺮéﺎﺷﯚﻧ bleach 

nizâw واﺰs water exuded from anything 

nizim مﺰــــــــــــــs low: ba dang i ~ in a low 

voice; ~âî ﰃﺎﻣﺰs lowliness 

nizîk ﮏـــﺰa ـــs 

near; la khoy ~ khistinawa 

v.t. to seat s.o. near oneself 

nînok کﯚûõﻧ fingernail 

nîsân نﺎﺴõﻧ April 

nîsh- ﺶõﻧ pres. stem of nîshtin 

nîshân نﺎـــﺸــــــ õ ﻧ target; trace, sign; ~-dân 

v.t. to show, give forth; ~-shikândin 

nuft ﺖﻓﻮﻧ nose 

nukrândin نﺪـﻧاﺮـﻮB ـﻧ 

nukren- ﻦـ§ ﺮـﻮB 

ـﻧ 

v.t. to 

carve (on wood or stone) 

nukta ﻪﺘﮐﻮﻧ joke, pleasantry 

nuqim-bûn نوﻮــﺑ ﰴﻮــﻧ 

v.i. to disappear, be 

lost 

nuqta ﻪµﻗﻮﻧ point 

nushân نﺎــﺷﻮــﻧ nushe- âــﺷﻮــﻧ v.i.: ~awa to 

bend, be folded; ~dinawa ﻩوﻪــﻧﺪــﻧﺎــﺷﻮــﻧ 

nushen- ﻦåﺷﻮﻧ v.t. to bend, fold 

nuskha ﻪﲯﻮﻧ manuscript, copy 

nustin ﱳـــﺳﻮـــﻧ nu- ﻮـــﻧ v.i. to sleep, go to 

v.t. to practice archery; ~shiken 

ﻦåﮑﺸÎﺎﺸõﻧ sharpshooter 

nîshâna ﻪـــﻧﺎـــﺸــــــ õ ﻧ sign, mark; ~-girtin la 

v ﻦéﺮﮔ ﻪﻧﺎﺸõﻧ to take aim at 

nîshtaje âﺟ ﻪﺘ8ﺸõﻧ successor 

nîshtimân ن0ــ 8ﺸõﻧ ــ country, homeland; ~î 

ﱏ0ــ 8ﺸõﻧ ــ national; ~parwar رﻩورﻪــ 

ﭙﻧ0ــ 

8ﺸõﻧ ــ 

patriot 

nîshtin ﱳـــ ﻴ8ﺸÎ ـ nîsh- ﺶــ õﻧ v.i. to sit; dâ~ to 

sit down, to dwell 

nîw ﻮــ ﻴﻧ half, mid-; ~ařo ۆڕﻩﻮــ ﻴﻧ noon, midday; 

~ashaw و ﻪﺷﻩﻮﻴﻧ 

midnight 

Nîzâmî ﯽـــــﻣاﲒـــــﻧ Nizami (1141–1209), a 

very well-known Persian poet 

nîzîk ﮏaﲒﻧ = nizîk 

no ﯚﻧ nine; ~(h)am م ﻩﯚﻧ ،مﻪﻫﯚﻧ 

ninth 

noba ﻪﺑﯚﻧ turn; ba ~ by turn 

noga ﻪﮔﯚﻧ turn 

sleep 

nûk کوﻮــــــﻧ tip, point: nûk a chaqo point 

of a knife; beak; whimper 

nûka ﻪﮐوﻮﻧ now, at that time 

nûkanûk کوﻮــﻧﻪــﮐوﻮــﻧ whimper: am ~á la 

chiya? what’s this whimpering for? 

nûkâ ﰷوﻮﻧ = nûka 

nûq قوﻮـﻧ dunked; ~ân نﺎـﻗوﻮـﻧ nûqe- ’وﻮـﻧ 

v.i. to be dunked; ~ândin نﺪـــــﻧﺎـــــﻗوﻮـــــﻧ 

nûqen- ﻦåﻗوﻮﻧ v.t. to dunk 

nûqîn ﲔــــﻗوﻮــــﻧ v.t. to close, shut: châwit 

binûqe shut your eyes 

nûs|ar رﻪــــــﺳوﻮــــــﻧ writer, author; ~ândin 

نﺪﻧﺎﺳوﻮﻧ nûsên- ﻦåﺳوﻮﻧ v.t. to write 

nûs|en- ﻦــــåــــﺳوﻮــــﻧ v.t. to write; ~ânawa 

ﻩوﻪـﻧﺎـﺳوﻮ ـﻧ 

copy; ~în ﲔـﺳوﻮـ ﻧ nûs- سوﻮـﻧ v.t. 

to write; ~înawa ﻩوﻪـــ ûõﺳوﻮـﻧ 

v.t. to copy, 

to transcribe; literature 

211

nûsân نﺎـﺳوﻮـﻧ nûse- âـﺳوﻮـﻧ ba v.i. to stick 

to, to be stuck to, in 

nûsândin نﺪـﻧﺎـﺳوﻮ ـﻧ 

nûsen ﻦــ åﺳوﻮـﻧ 

ba v.t. to 

clutch at 

nûsînga ﻪﮕûõﺳوﻮﻧ office 

nûtak ک ﻪﺗوﻮﻧ heavy darkness 

nûza ﻩزوﻮﻧ moan 

nwândin نﺪــﻧاﻮــﻧ nwen- ﻦــ§ ﻮــﻧ 

v.t. to represent, 

look like; kho ~ to show oneself 

nwe ێﻮـــــــــﻧ new; ~-kirdinawa v.t. to renew, 

to renovate 

nwen ﻦ§ﻮﻧ bedclothes, sheets 

nwen- ێﻮﻧ pres. stem of nwândin 

nwenar ر ﻪﻨlﻮﻧ representative 

nweshk ﮏﺸ‚ﻮﻧ rennet 

nwezh ﮋــ§ ﻮــﻧ 

prayer (one of the five daily 

Muslim prayers); ~-khwendin v.t. to 

perform prayer; ~-kirdin v.t. to pray 

oghir ﺮــــــﻏﯚــــــﺋ journey, good omen for a 

journey: oghrit kher bet bon voyage 

orgân نﺎﮔرﯚﺋ organ 

okhizhn نﮋﺧﯚﺋ rest, calm 

ordû وودرﯚﺋ camp; ~gâ ﺎﮔوودرﯚﺋ campsite 

otonomî ﯽﻣﯚﻧﯚﺗﯚﺋ autonomy 

pak ک ﻪﭘ need, necessity; amazing 

pakhsh ﺶـــــﺧﻪـــــﭘ dispersal; ~-bûn v.i. to 

spread out, to be dispersed 

pakhsha ﻪﺸﺧ ﻪﭘ publication 

pakhshân نﺎـــﺸـــﺧﻪـــﭘ prose; dispersed; ~bûn 

v.i. to be dispersed, to spread 

out; ~-kirdin v.t. to scatter; ~kirdinawa 

v.t. to distribute 

pala vﻪــﭘ haste; ~-kirdin v.t. to hurry; ba 

~ v ﻪﭘ ﻪﺑ in haste, hurriedly 

pała 1 ﻪT ﻪﭘ field, farm 

pała 2 grab, snatch, attack 

pałg ﮓـT ﻪﭘ eyelid 

palk ﮏـــ¢ ﻪـــﭘ 

tress, leaf, branch; ~ i châw 

وﺎ ﯽﮑ¢ ﻪﭘ eyelid; ~a ﻪﮑ¢ ﻪﭘ tress 

pałk ﮏـT ﻪﭘ a type of plane tree 

palkesh-kirdin ندﺮــB ﺶــــ 

å ﮑ ــ¢ 

ﻪــﭘ 

v.t. to pick 

up 

palupo ﯚـﭘﻮـﻟﻪـ ﭘ endurance: palupoy pichiřâ 

he couldn't take it any longer; la ~ 

kawtin to come to the end of one’s 

endurance 

pama ﻪﻣ ﻪﭘ cotton 

panâ áﻪــــــــــــﭘ shelter, refuge, asylum; ~birdin 

ba v.t. to take refuge in; ~bar 

ر ﻪﺑáﻪﭘ 

refugee 

pand ﺪﻧ ﻪﭘ advice 

paner ﺮåﻧ ﻪﭘ cheese 

pang-khwârdin ندراﻮـــﺧ ﮓـــsﻪـــﭘ 

v.t. to be 

ﻪT ﻪﭘ stain, spot 

pałahawr رو ﻪﻫﻪTﻪﭘ 

bird 

palapalî ﱃ ﻪﭘvﻪﭘ 

confusion 

palaqâzhe ێژﺎـﻗvﻪـﭘ flailing the hands and 

feet 

palawar ر ﻩوvﻪﭘ, 

palawir رو vﻪﭘ 

bird 

palâmâr رﺎـــــــﻣﻻﻪـــــــﭘ attack; ~-dân v.t. to 

pent up 

panhân نﺎﳖ ﻪﭘ wonderful, rare, strange 

panja ﻪــﳒﻪــﭘ hand; claw; ~-dân lagał v.t. 

to fight with, contend with; ~ i kho 

gastin v.t. to bite one’s fingers, to express 

surprise 

panjara ﻩر ﻪﳒﻪﭘ 

window 

panjoła ﻪTﯚﳒ ﻪﭘ claw 

papka-bastin ﱳـــﺳﻪـــﺑ ﻪـــﮑـــﻪـــﭘ 

v.t. to coil: 

mârakân papkayân bast the snakes 

coiled up 

pař 1 ڕﻪــــــــــﭘ side, direction: aw~ i on the 

other side of, past 

pař 2 SORANI KURDISH 

ڕ ﻪﭘ feather 

pařa ﻩڕ ﻪﭘ petal: ~ i gul rose petal 

parasandin نﺪــﻧﻪــﺳﻩرﻪــﭘ v.i. to be in general 

use 

pařawâza ﻩزاو ﻩڕﻪﭘ 

wandering, homeless 

pařândin نﺪــــﻧاڕﻪــــﭘ pařen- ﻦــــ§ ڕﻪــــﭘ 

v.t. to 

make leap, jump; to cause to flee; to 

cut off part of something: am liká 

bipařena cut off this limb; to leave 

out: la khwendinawa’dâ khatèkit 

pařând you left out a line in your 

reading; to remove: lamparim pařând 

I removed the obstacle; ~awa to save: 

pařândûtimawa you've saved me; 

212

dar-~ la to drive away from, to chase 

out of; dâ-~ to shake: la dârakáwa 

against the wall 

pashîmân ن7ــ 8ﺷﻪـﭘ 

regretful, sorry; ~-kir- 

am sewâná’m dâpařândà khwâr I 

shook these apples down from the 

tree; râ-~ to wake up, roust out of 

sleep 

pařâw واڕ ﻪﭘ notebook 

parâwezân ناﺰــ§ وارﻪــﭘ 

parâweze- ێﺰــ§ 

وارﻪــﭘ 

v.t. to edit 

parcham م ﻪ رﻪﭘ 

bangs 

parch-dânawa ﻩوﻪـــﻧاد چرﻪـــﭘ 

v.t. to pound 

(the head of a nail) flat 

parchî ﯽﭼر ﻪﭘ cheap, insignificant 

pardâkh خادر ﻪﭘ glass, tumbler 

pare ێر ﻪﭘ day before yesterday 

pařendrân نارﺪــﻨــlڕﻪــﭘ v.p. passive of pařândin 

parez ﺰ§ر ﻪﭘ place for harvested grain 

paristin ﱳــــﺳرﻪــــﭘ parist- ﺖــــﺳرﻪــــﭘ v.t. to 

serve, adore, worship 

parî یر ﻪﭘ peri, fairy 

pařîn ﻦـڕa ﻪـﭘ 

pař- ڕﻪـﭘ v.i. to leap, jump; te- 

~ la to pass by/through 

dinawa to dissuade 

pashok|ân نﰷﯚـﺷﻪـﭘ pashoke- âـﮐﯚـﺷﻪـﭘ v.i. 

to get upset, be terrified; ~âw وﰷﯚـــﺷﻪـــﭘ 

terrified; ~âwî یوﰷﯚﺷ ﻪﭘ terror 

pasind ﺪﻨ8ﺳ ﻪﭘ approval 

past ﺖـﺳﻪـﭘ low, dejected; ~î ﱴــ 8ﺳﻪـﭘ 

dejection; 

ba ~îawa ﻩو ﻪ;nﺳﻪﭘ 

ﻪﺑ dejectedly 

pastâwtin ﻦـéوﺎـﺘ8ﺳ ــ ﻪـﭘ 

v.t. to stuff, cram; to 

beat with the feet, kick 

pat 1 تﻪـــــــــﭘ rope, cord: pat i hîwâ kawtà 

bârîk the thread of hope wore thin, 

there was not much hope left 

pat 2 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY 

ت ﻪﭘ see lat-u-pat 

patâta ﻪﺗc ﻪﭘ potato 

payâ p ﻪﭘ = paydâ 

payâm مpﻪـﭘ message; ~-nârdin to send a 

message 

paydâ اﺪــﯾﻪــﭘ visible, found; ~-bûn v.i. to 

happen, to become visible; ~-kirdin 

v.t. to find 

payjo(r) رﯚــﳚﻪــﭘ investigator, researcher; 

parmûn ـﻣرﻪـﭘ 

نوﻮ parme- ـﻣرﻪـﭘ 

â v.t. to rely 

on oneself; râ-~ to consider worthy, 

to find s.o. capable (+ subj.) of doing 

something 

parsh شرﻪــﭘ scattered; ~ u bilâw kirdinawa 

ﻩوﻪـﻧدﺮـ 6 وﻼـﺑ 

و شرﻪـﭘ 

v.t. to scatter, let 

loose: kichá qizh’î parsh u bilâw 

kirdawa the girl let her hair fly loose 

parsiv ﭫﺳر ﻪﭘ answer, response 

partuk کﻮﺗر ﻪﭘ book 

parwarda-kirdin ندﺮــــــB ﻩدرﻩورﻪــــــﭘ 

v.t. to 

raise, rear (flocks, herds) 

parzh ژر ﻪﭘ opportunity 

pařzh ژڕ ﻪﭘ broadcast, widespread 

parzhîn ﻦaژر ﻪﭘ relation; business 

parzhân ناژرﻪـــﭘ parzhe- ێژرﻪـــﭘ v.i. to be 

busy 

pasand-bûn la v نوﻮـﺑ 

ﺪـﻧﻪـﺳﻪـﭘ 

to be pleasing 

to 

pasârdin ـﺳﻪـﭘ 

ندرﺎ paser- ــ åﺳﻪـﭘ 

ﺮ v.t.: hał-~ 

ba ...awa to lean against: bel ba 

dîwârawa hałpasera lean the shovel 

213 

~î investigation, research 

paymân نﺎــــﳝﻪــــﭘ promise; ~-bastin lagał 

v.t. to make a promise to someone 

paytâ-paytâ ﺎــ ﺘﯾﻪـﭘ 

ﺎــ 

ﺘﯾﻪـﭘ 

constantly, continuously 

paywand ﺪﻧ ﻩﻮﯾﻪﭘ 

connection, relation 

paz ز ﻪﭘ sheep 

pazhâra ﻩراژ ﻪﭘ sorrow, worry 

pâchîn ﲔـــ ﺎـــﭘ 

v.t. to pound; dâ-~ to split 

from top to bottom 

pâdâsht ﺖـﺷادﺎـﭘ reward; ~-dânawa to reward 

pâk کﺎـــــــــــﭘ pure, clean; ~-kirdin v.t. to 

clean 

pâł ڵﺎــــــﭘ side; back; inside: la ~ khoy’dâ 

tûřaya he’s angry inwardly; ~-dân 

v.t. to push: nâbizue: wara dagalmân 

pâl da it won’t budge: come push 

with us; ~-dânawa v.t. to lean back, 

rest; ~-dân ba v.t. to lean against: 

~im ba dîwârawa dâ I leaned against 

the wall; ~-kawtin v.i. to lie down; ~

pewa nân v.t. to push; la ~ a kho’dâ 

for one’s own part, on one’s own behalf 

pâławân ناوﻪـــــTﺎـــــﭘ champion, hero; ~etî 

ﱴåﻧاو ﻪTﺎﭘ , ~iyatî ﻪﻴﻧاوﻪTﺎﭘ 

ﰏ heroism 

pâłâ üﺎﭘ = pelâw 

pâłpishtî ﱴ8ﺸŒTﺎﭘ backing, support 

pâłtâw وﺎﺘTﺎﭘ overcoat 

pân نﺎﭘ wide, broad, shallow 

pâr رﺎﭘ last year 


portune; ba ~ i in account of; ~ pewa 

nân v.t. to get a move on, to hightail 

it out; dang i ~yek the sound of a 

footstep; ~ la kawsh’(d)â bûn to insist, 

to be firm: peyèkit la kawsh’â bet 

u aw pekát nakirdibe ba jey bela be 

firmly resolved, stick to your guns 

pe 3 ــــــــــﭘ 

âä (postposition) see ba; ~… wâ 

bûn to think, be of the opinion that: 

pem wâ bû I thought so; pey wâ bû 

diz u regirin he thought they were 

robbers and brigands 

pâra ﻩرﺎﭘ money 

pâřân ناڕﺎـــــﭘ pâře- ێڕﺎـــــﭘ v.i. to beg, beseech 

pârâstin ﱳـــﺳارﺎـــﭘ pârez- ﺰـــ§ رﺎـــﭘ 

la v.t. to 

protect from, keep 

pârâztin ﻦéزارﺎﭘ = pârastin 

pârez ﺰــــ§ رﺎــــﭘ 

avoidance, abstaining; ambush; 

~-birdin v.t. to ambush; ~-chûn 

v.i. to wait in ambush; ~-kirdin v.t. to 

abstain; ~rân نارﺰــــ§ رﺎــــﭘ 

v.p. to be protected, 

kept; ~ar رﻩﺰـ§ رﺎـﭘ 

defender, protector, 

defence lawyer; ~gâr رﺎـــﮔﺰـــ§ 

رﺎـــﭘ 

protector; ~î یﺰــــــ§ رﺎــــــﭘ 

protection; ~îkirdin 

ندﺮB یﺰ§رﺎﭘ v.t. to protect 

pârû وورﺎﭘ morsel 

pâsawân ناو ﻪﺳﺎﭘ guard; ~î surveillance 

pâsh شﺎــــــﭘ after (prep); ~-kawtin to fall 

behind, be backward; ~-khistin v.t. to 

delay; to neglect, ignore; ~ awaî (ka) 

after (conj.); la ~’â afterwards; ~arozh 

ژۆرﻪـﺷﺎـﭘ future; ~kawtû وﻮـوﺗ 

ﻪـﮑﺷ 

ـ ﺎـﭘ 

backward; ~mana ﻪـﻧﻪـﴰﺎـﭘ left-over; lamaw~ 

شﺎﭘو ﻪﻣv 

henceforth 

pâshał ڵ ﻪﺷﺎﭘ back of the skirt; hind leg 

pâshâ ﺎﺷﺎﭘ king, prince 

pâshu ﻮﺷﺎﭘ leg (of an animal) 

pâya ﻪﯾﺎﭘ rank 

pâyiz ﺰaﺎﭘ autumn 

pâzh ژﺎﭘ portion, section; document 

pe 1 âä ـﭘ 

(adj.) (1) fasting: min amřo peyim 

I’m fasting today; (2) on hand: pûl’it 

peya? do you have any money on 

hand?; (3) lit (fire): âgir peya the 

fire’s lit 

pe 2 pe 

âäـﭘ foot; ~-dâ-girtin v.t. to insist, im- 

4 âäـﭘ cmpd. vb. element, see under verbal 

element: pe-gayshtin, pe-kanîn, 

pe-wîstin 

pe-chûn نوﻮﭽ ﭘ see under chûn ba 

pe-kirdin ندﺮــــﮑــــ ــــﭘ 

v.t. to force, oblige: 

pe’yân kirdim aw kârá bikam they 

forced me to do it; to fool; to light 

(fire); dast ~ (+ inf.) to begin (doing) 

pechawâna ﻪـﻧاوﻪـ¬ ــﭘ 

reverse, opposite; ba 

~wa ﻩو ﻪﻧاوﻪ¬ 

ﭘ ﻪﺑ on the contrary 

pechân نﺎـ¬ ــﭘ 

pech- ﭻــﭘ v.t. to fold, wrap; 

hał-~ v.t. to roll up 

pechrân ناﺮـﭽـ ـﭘ 

pechre- ێﺮـﭽـ ـﭘ 

v.p. to be 

wrapped 

pedasht ﺖﺷ ﻩﺪ ﭘ piedmont plain 

pedâ اﺪ ﭘ = paydâ 

pedâwîst ﺖﺴßواﺪ ﭘ = pewîst 

peghamar ر ﻪﻣﻪﻐ 

ﭘ prophet 

pek ﮏــﭘ together, in order; ~-ânîn v.t. to 

accomplish, to reconcile; ~-biřrân 

v.i. to be suitable: to u aw kirâsá 

daley pek biřrâwin it’s as though you 

and that shirt were made for each 

other; ~-gayshtin v.i. to meet, see 

each other; ~-hâtin v.i. to agree, get 

along together; to consist (la of); ~henân 

v.t. to put together, produce, 

accomplish; to reconcile; ~awa ﻩوﻪـﮑـ 

ـﭘ 

together; ~awa-nân v.t. to shut, close 

(book, eyes), to stick together; rek u 

~ ﮏ ﭘو ﮏ§ر ordered, arranged 

pe-kanîn ﲔﻧ ﻪﮑ ﭘ v.i. to laugh 

pekân نﲀــﭘ peke- âـﮑــﭘ v.t. to hit with an 

214

arrow or bullet, hit the mark 

pełâw وÀ ﭘ shoes 

peło ﯚk ﭘ eyelid 

penâs سﺎûåﭘ identity, identity card 

penâw وﺎ ـــ ûåﭘ: 

la ~ i ...’dâ for, for the sake 

of: la penâw i âzâdî’dâ khom bakht 

akam I’ll risk my life for the sake of 

freedom 

penj ﺞـûåﭘ ـ ـ five; ~am مﻪـÌûåﭘ ـ ـ ـ fifth; ~shamma 

ﻪﳑ ﻪﺸﺠûåﭘ Thursday 

peřaw وﻩgــــــــ å ﭘ pedestrian; sidewalk; pro- 

pewa ﻩﻮ ـــ ـــﭘ: 

~ dân see ba …awa dân; ~ 

girtin see ba …awa girtin 

pewand ﺪــﻧﻩﻮــــﭘ contact, link; ~-girtin lagał 

v.t. to form a link with 

pewân ناﻮ ﭘ pew- ﻮ ﭘ v.t. to measure 

pewâr راﻮ ﭘ unseen, invisible 

pewdân نادﻮ ﭘ measure, rule 

pewîst ﺖـﺴß ـﻮــﭘ 

necessary; ~î ﱴــ 8ﺴß ـﻮــﭘ 

necessity 

pey ﯽä ﭘ = pe 

gram 

pere ێﺮåﭘ = pare 

pesh ﺶـåﭘ ـ before, ahead; ~ awaî (ka) before 

(conj); ~-girtin ba v.t. to 

prevent: la chûn pesh’yân pe girtim 

they prevented me from going; ~girtin 

la v.t. to stand in front of; ~kawtin 

v.i. to advance, go forward, 

get ahead of: peshmân kawtûn they 

have gotten ahead of us; dânà ~ to 

drive forward 

peshak ک ﻪﺸåﭘ foreword 

peshawâ او ﻪﺸåﭘ leader 

peshîn ﲔـﺸåﭘ ــ former, olden; ~îân نﺎـــــ 

;¿ﻴ8ﺸåﭘ ــ 

the ancients, ancestors, forefathers 

peshkash شﻪـﮑﺸåﭘ ـ ــ present, gift; ~-kirdin 

ba v.t. to present to; ~-krân v.p. to be 

presented 

peshkawtû وﻮـوﺗ ﻪـﮑﺸåﭘ 

ـ ــ advanced, progressive 

peshmarga ﻪــﮔرﻪــﻤــﺸــــ å ﭘ guerilla, freedom 

fighter 

peshnirâw واﲊــﺸــــ å ﭘ proposed, suggested; 

proposal 

peshnyâr رﺎــ; ــــ ¿ ﺸــــ å ﭘ suggestion; ~-kirdin 

v.t. to suggest 

peshnyâz زﺎــ; ــــ ¿ ﺸــــ å ﭘ suggestion; ~-kirdin 

v.t. to suggest 

peshwakht ﺖﺧ ﻩﻮﺸåﭘ early, untimely 

peshwâz زاﻮـﺸåﭘ ــ greeting: hât ba peshwâz 

i merdakáyawa she came to greet her 

husband; ~î kirdin v.t. to receive 

2 


pichiřândin نﺪـﻧاgـﭽﭘ ـ pichiřen- ﻦـ§ gـﭽﭘ 

ـ v.t. 

to break, break apart 

pichiřîn ﻦــga ــﭽــﭘ pichiř- gــﭽــﭘ v.t. to break, 

cut; ~-awa la to sever relations with: 

kâkim la ema pichiřîwatawa, hâtuchû’mân 

nâkâ my brother has severed 

relations with us—he doesn’t come to 

see us; hał-~ to force a cover off 

pichiřrân ناgـﭽﭘ ـ pichiřre- ێgـﭽﭘ ـ v.p. to be 

broken, snapped 

pichok کﯚﭽﭘ little, tiny 

pif ﻒﭘ puff; ~-kirdin v.t. to puff, blow 

pil ﻞﭘ finger, toe 

pilân نﻼﭘ plan 

piłâw وÀﭘ pilaf, cooked rice 

piling ﮓﻨﻠﭘ tiger 

piłîshâ|nawa ﻩوﻪـﻧﺎـﺸõkﭘ ـــ v.i. to be mashed, 

squashed; ~ndinawa ﻩوﻪـﻧﺪـﻧﺎـﺸõkﭘ ـــ v.t. to 

squash 

pilk ﮏﻠﭘ eyelid 

piř gــــــــــــ full; for compounds, see next 

element; la ~ g ــ v, 

la ~èk’á ﲀ ــ§ 

gــ 

v, 

la 

~dâ ادgــــــ v suddenly, all at once; ~ la 

…awa full of; ~-bûn la to be angry 

with: let piřim: mamdwena I’m angry 

with you: don’t speak to me; ~’î 

pe’dâ kirdin v.t. to snatch away; ~âî 

ﰃاgــ midst, middle: la piřâî i âwakádâ 

pest ﺖﺴåﭘ skin 

petakht ﺖﺧ ﻪµåﭘ capital 

215 

in the middle of the water; majority: 

piřâî i khałkaká hât the majority of 

the people came 

pird دﺮ bridge 

piřma ﻪﻣg whinny, snivel 

pirshing ﮓﻨ8ﺷﺮ ray 

pirsîn ﲔﺳﺮ pirs- سﺮ la v.t. to ask


pirsyâr رﺎـﻴ8ﺳ ــ ﺮـ 

question; ~-kirdin la v.t. یﲑـــــــﭘ old age; the act of going out to 

to ask s.o. 

piřtâw وcg haste; ba ~ hâtin to rush 

pirtuk کﻮﺗﺮ piece 

piryâska ﻪﮑﺳpﺮ small sack 

piřzhân ناژgـــــ v.i. to be scattered, sprinkled; 

hał-~ to grapple; to squirt: pe’m 

le nâ, quř u lîta’m pe hałpirzhâ I put 

greet a superior; ba ~î i …awa hâtin 

to come/go out to greet 

Pîrânshâr رﺎــﺸــÎاﲑ ــﭘ 

Piranshahr, a town in 

Iranian Kurdistan 

pîroz زۆﲑﭘ happy, blessed, auspicious 

pîs ﺲــــ õ ﭘ dirty, filthy; ~ gâl-dân لﺎــﮔ 

ﺲــــ 

õ ﭘ 

ناد v.t. to stir up filth; dil ~-kirdin la 

my foot in it and mud squirted up all 

over me 

piřzhândin نﺪـﻧاژgـ piřzhen- ﻦـ§ ژgـ 

v.t. to 

scatter, sprinkle, squirt 

pisân نﺎﺴÈ v.i. to break, snap 

v.t. to suspect the worst of 

pîsha ﻪﺸõﭘ trade, craft 

pîshân نﺎﺸõﭘ trace; ~-dân v.t. to show 

pît ﺖõﭘ letter of the alphabet 

pît u lat ت v و ﺖõﭘ bit, little bit 

pishî ﯽﺸÈ cat; ~la Éﻴ8ﺸÈ kitten 

pishkinîn ﲔـûﮑﺸÈ ـ ـ ـ pishkin- ـﮑﺸÈ ـ ـ 

pitir ﱰﭘ earlier; more 

pizhîshk ﮏﺸßﮋ doctor, physician 

pizhma ﻪﻣﮋ sneeze 

pizhmîn ﲔﻣﮋ pizhm- مﮋ v.i. to sneeze 

pizîshk ﮏﺸßﺰ = pizhîshk 

pîwâz زاﻮﻴﭘ onion 

po ﯚﭘ weft 

ﻦ v.t. to 

examine 

pisht ﺖــﺸــÈ back; reliance; generation; ~ 

pol لﯚﭘ flock (of birds) 

poł ڵﯚــــــﭘ grade: la pol i penjam i ibtidâ- 

ba khwâ for God’s sake; ~ bastin ba î’dâ in the fifth grade of elementary 

v.t. to click on; ~-dân v.t. to run 

away; ~-dân-awa v.t. to calm down: 

biro ~ i khot’î le bidawa go calm 

down; ~-girtin v.t. to help, protect; ~ 

hał-kirdin v.t. to turn away in anger; 

~-kirdin ba v.t. to rely on; ~ te-kirdin 

v.t. to turn the back on, ignore; ~astûr 

complacent; ~ i ﱴــ 8ﺸÈ ـ behind; ~î 

ﱴــــ 8 ﺸــÈ bolster; ba~ ﺖــﺸــÈﻪــ ﺑ solid, firm, 

school; group, squadron 

połâ üﯚﭘ steel 

pop پﯚـــﭘ cock’s comb, forelock; lik-u-~ 

پﯚﭘ وﮏ¢ 

branches and twigs 

poř ڕﯚــــــــــﭘ hair (on the head); partridge; 

pân u ~ ڕﯚﭘو نﺎﭘ wide, broad 

poshîn ﲔـﺷﯚـﭘ posh- شﯚـﭘ v.t. to wear, put 

on 

poshta ﻪـﺘ8ﺷ ــ ﯚـﭘ 

chic; happy; ~-kirdinawa 

strong 

pishtâw وﺎـﺘ8ﺸÈ ــ ـ gunpowder sack; type of 

v.t. to dress in fine clothes 

post 

pistol 

pishter ﺮåﺘ8ﺸÈ stable 

pishû وﻮــــﺸــــÈ breath; ~-dân v.t. to take a 

breath 

pispoř ڕﯚﭙ8ﺴÈ expert 

pisû وﻮﺴÈ feeling 

pitaw و ﻪﺘﭘ strong, firm 

1 ﺖـــﺳﯚـــﭘ skin, peel; ~-girtinawa v.t. 

to peel: post i am khayârá bigirawa 

peel this cucumber 

post 2 ﺖــــــﺳﯚــــــﭘ post, mail; ~ i alîktronî 

ﱏۆﱰﮑﻴﻟ ﻪﺋ ﱴ8ﺳﯚﭘ e-mail 

prûsk ﮏــــــﺳووﺮــــــ remains of a decayed 

corpse 

prûsha-kirdin ندﺮB ﻪﺷووﺮ v.t. to nibble 

pushpař ڕ ﻪﭙ8ﺷﻮﭘ the month of Cancer 

pûł ڵوﻮﭘ money 

pûř-kirdin ندﺮB ڕوﻮﭘ v.t. to store 

pûs سوﻮﭘ skin 

pûsh شوﻮﭘ dried grass 

pût توﻮﭘ weight equal to sixteen kilos 

pyâ ﺎﻴﭘ = pe’(d)â 

pîlân نﻼﻴﭘ = pilân 

pîr ﲑـــــــﭘ old, aged; ~ak کﻩﲑـــــــﭘ woman, 

wife; ~amerd دﺮــ åﻣﻩﲑـﭘ 

old man; ~azhin pyâła ﻪTﺎﻴﭘ cup 

نژ ﻩﲑـــﭘ, 

~ezhin نﮋـــ§ ﲑـــﭘ 

old woman; ~î pyâsa ﻪــﺳﺎــﻴــ ﭘ walk, stroll; ~-kirdin v.t. to 

216

take a stroll, go for a walk 

pyâw وﺎـــﻴـــﭘ man; ~atî ﰏﻩوﺎـــﻴـــﭘ manhood, 

manliness, generosity; ~ a gawrakân 

qawr رو ﻪﻗ grave, tomb 

qaychî ﯽ: ﻪﻗ scissors 

qayd ﺪــﯾﻪــﻗ impediment; link (in a chain); 

dignitaries 

pyâz زﺎﻴﭘ onion 

qaba ﻪﺑ ﻪﻗ thick 

qabûł ڵوﻮـﺑﻪـﻗ acceptance; ~-bûn v.i. to be 

~e nâkâ never mind, it doesn’t matter 

qazâwat ت ﻩوازﻪﻗ 

judgeship, judiciary 

qâch چﺎــــــﻗ leg; har ~èk kirdin ba duân 

v.t. to run as fast as one can: kichá har 

qâchèkî dakâ ba duân the girl runs as 

acceptable; ~-kirdin v.t. to accept, fast as her legs will carry her; ~ khis- 

agree to 

qadpâl لﺎﭘد ﻪﻗ mountainside 

qafaza ﻩز ﻪﻓﻪﻗ 

closet, storeroom 

qałabâłigh ﻎﻟ ﻪTﻪﻗ 

crowd 

qałam م ﻪTﻪﻗ 

pen 

qaław وﻪــTﻪــﻗ fat; lâm i ~ وﻪــTﻪــﻗ ﱉﻻ velarized 

l 

qałâ ü ﻪﻗ fort; ~ycha ﻪ:ü ﻪﻗ fortress 

qalâcho ﯚﭼﻻ ﻪﻗ extermination 

qałbaz زﻪــﺒــTﻪــ ﻗ chain of rocks on a mountain; 

~a ﻩز ﻪﺒTﻪﻗ 

waterfall 

qalishîn ﲔﺸﻟ ﻪﻗ v.i. to split, crack 

qalisht ﺖﺸﻟ ﻪﻗ crack, split 

qanâra ﻩرá ﻪﻗ gallows 

qandin نﺪ ــــﻧﻪــــﻗ: 

hał-~ v.t. to uproot, dig 

tinà sar … v.t. to step on; ~ râkeshân 

v.t. to stretch out the legs 

qâchâkh خﺎـــ ﺎـــﻗ 

smuggling, contraband; 

~chî ﯽﭽﺧﺎ ﺎﻗ smuggler 

qâlî ﱃﺎﻗ carpet 

qâmik ﮏﻣﺎﻗ finger, finger joint 

qân نﺎـــﻗ qe- ’ v.i.: hał-~ da to get stuck 

on: dâwenim d’ aw bizmârá hałqâ my 

skirt got stuck on that nail 

qâp پﺎﻗ dish 

qâpelk ﮏﻠ ﭘﺎﻗ shell, hollow shell 

qâpî ﯽäﭘﺎﻗ door, gate 

qâqaz ز ﻪﻗﺎﻗ paper 

qâramân نﺎﻣ ﻩرﺎﻗ hero; ~î ﱏﺎﻣ ﻩرﺎﻗ heroism 

qârch چرﺎـﻗ mushroom; ~ik ﮏـ رﺎـﻗ 

mush- 

up, get out 

qandrân نارﺪــﻧﻪــﻗ qandre- ێرﺪ ــﻧﻪــﻗ: 

hał-~ 

v.p. to be uprooted, dug up 

qara ﻩرﻪـــﻗ nearness, vicinity; kho nadân 

room 

qârpoz زﯚﭘرﺎﻗ saddlehorn 

qârpuz زﻮﭘرﺎﻗ melon; lampshade 

qât تﺎـﻗ time: hazâr ~ jwântir a thousand 

la ~ i … not to get anywhere near 

qarabâłikh ﺦT ﻩرﻪﻗ 

= qalabâligh 

qarâkh خار ﻪﻗ edge, outskirts 

qasâb بﺎﺳ ﻪﻗ butcher 

qast ﺖﺳ ﻪﻗ intention; la ~ intentionally 

qat ت ﻪﻗ absolutely 

qatl ﻞﺗ ﻪﻗ murder 

qawân ناوﻪـــــــــــــﻗ phonograph record; ~khwendinà 

gwe i … v.t. to harp on 

the same theme to, to keep repeating 

times more beautiful 

qâw 

into s.o.’s ear 

qawîl ﻞﯾو ﻪﻗ accepted, acceptable 

qawmân نﺎــﻣوﻪــﻗ qawme- âــﻣوﻪــﻗ v.i. la to 

have something wrong or bad happen 

to: wak ley naqawmâbe wâ bû it was 

as though nothing bad had happened 

to him 

1 وﺎـــــــــــــﻗ rumor; ~ dâ-khistin v.t. to 

spread a rumor 

qâw 2 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY 

وﺎﻗ dish, plate, container 

qâwa ﻩوﺎﻗ coffee 

qâwirma ﻪـــــــﻣروﺎـــــــﻗ meat fried in small 

pieces 

qâyil-bûn ba ﻪﺑ نوﻮﺑ ﻞﯾﺎﻗ v.i. to agree to 

qâyim ﱘﺎﻗ : ba ~ quick, fast, hard 

qâzân نازﺎـﻗ pot, cauldron; ~asar رﻪـﺳﻪـﻧازﺎـﻗ 

bogey man 

qâzânj ﱋازﺎــﻗ profit; ~-kirdin v.t. to make 

a profit 

qâzî یزﺎﻗ cadi, Islamic judge 

qez ﺰــ åﻗ revulsion: ba ~ u bezawa with repugnance 

qiłâycha ﻪ:Àﻗ small fortress, castle 

217


qiłîshân نﺎـﺸõkﻗ ـــ qiłîsh- ﺶـــ õkﻗ v.i. to split; 

dâ-~ to split from top to bottom 

qiłîshândin نﺪـﻧﺎـﺸõkﻗ ـــ qiłîshen- ﻦــ åﺸõkﻗ ـــ v.t. 

qoř ڕﯚﻗ nonsense 

qořa ﻩڕﯚﻗ rumble, rumbling sound 

qoztin ﻦـéزﯚـ ﻗ qoz- زﯚـﻗ v.t.; ~awa to snatch 

to split, be split; dâ-~ to be split from out of the air: topaká’m hałdâ, la ha- 

top to bottom 

qilyân نﺎـــﻴـــﻠـــﻗ waterpipe, long-stemmed 

smoking pipe 

qing ﮓûﻗ buttocks 

qinj ﺞûﻗ upright, upturned 

qinyât تﺎﻴûﻗ patience 

qircha ﻪــ ﺮــﻗ 

sound of cracking, splinterwâ 

qoztîawa I threw the ball up and 

he caught it in mid air 

qsa ﻪـﺴﻗ ـ words, speech, story; ~-pe-birîn 

v.t. to interrupt: ba tundî qsaká’m pe 

biřî u gutim I quickly interrupted him 

and said; ~-kirdin v.t. to speak, to tell 

a story 

ing; ~-kirdin v.t. to splinter 

qirchân نﺎــ ﺮــﻗ 

v.i. to melt (fat over fire); 

~-awa to sting, hurt; hał-~ to be 

heated over fire, sizzle, shrivel up 

qirchândin نﺪـﻧﺎـ ﺮـﻗ 

qirchen- ﻦــ å ﺮـﻗ 

v.t. to 

qtâw = qutâb 

qubûł ڵوﻮﺑﻮﻗ = qabûl 

qula vﻮﻗ mountain peak 

qułang ﮓs ﻪTﻮﻗ crane (zoo.) 

qułâkh خüﻮـﻗ sensitive (of the ear); gwe~ 

heat fat, grease; to make something 

shrivel up over heat; ~-awa to cauterize 

qirîwa ﻩﻮﯾﺮﻗ a shout for joy 

qirtaqirt تﺮﻗ ﻪﺗﺮﻗ peep, chirp 

qirtândin نﺪـﻧcﺮـﻗ qirten- ﻦـåﺗ ـﺮـﻗ 

v.t. to cut 

bûnawa v.i. to listen attentively 

qułf ﻒTﻮﻗ lock; ~-kirdin v.t. to lock 

qum مﻮـﻗ draught, drink: ~e âw a drink of 

water 

quř ڕﻮـﻗ mud; ba ~ girtin v.t. to seal with 

mud: mâlit ba quř gîre “may your 

(with scissors), to tear with the teeth; 

to crack (seeds with the teeth) 

qirzhâng ﮓsاژﺮﻗ crab 

qisht ﺖﺸﻗ cute 

qit-kirdin ندﺮB ﺖﻗ v.t. to eliminate 

qizh ﮋﻗ hair (on the head) 

qîbla Éـﺒ;ﻗ ـ ـ the kiblah, the direction of Islamic 

prayer 

qîn ﲔﻗ spite 

qîr ﲑــــــــﻗ tar, pitch; ~rezhî-kirdin v.t. to 

cover with tar 

qît ﺖـ;ﻗ ـ erect, in order; kho ~-kirdin v.t. 

to put oneself in order, straighten oneself 

up; ~ u zît ﺖـــزﯾ وﺖـــ; 

ـــﻗ 

stylish; ~ u 

qoz زﯚﻗ وﺖ;ﻗ 

tall and elegant 

qîzh ـــﻗ cry, scream; ~ândin نﺪـــﻧا ـــﻗ 

qîzhen- 

ﻦ§ ﻗ v.t. to scream 

qol لﯚــــﻗ arm, sleeve; ~ hał-mâlân v.t. to 

roll up one’s sleeves, get to work in 

earnest 

qonâgh غáﯚﻗ = qonâkh 

qonâkh خáﯚـــــﻗ lodging, place to stay the 

house be mudded up,” damn you 

qurbân ن رﻮـــﻗ sacrifice; (vocative) qúrbân 

sir, sire; ~î-kirdin labar pe i 

…dâ v.t. to sacrifice for the sake of 

qurchândin نﺪـﻧﺎـ رﻮـﻗ 

qurchen- ﻦــ å رﻮـﻗ 

v.t. 

to swallow; dâ-~ to swallow, gulp 

down 

qurg گرﻮﻗ throat 

qurosh شۆرﻮﻗ piastre 

quřqushim ﴌﻮﻗڕﻮﻗ lead (metal) 

qurs سرﻮﻗ heavy, weighty 

qursh شرﻮﻗ footstool of a throne 

qurwâq قاورﻮﻗ frog 

qut تﻮﻗ short, brief 

qutâb بcﻮـــــــﻗ book; ~î ﰉcﻮـــــــﻗ student; 

~khâna ﻪﻧﺎﲞcﻮﻗ school 

qutân نcﻮــﻗ qute- Ïﻮــﻗ v.t. to beat, strike, 

hit 

qutîla Éﻴﺗﻮﻗ small box; small lamp 

qûchândin نﺪــﻧﺎــ وﻮــﻗ 

qûchen- ﻦ ــــ å وﻮــﻗ 

= 

qûjândin 

qûjândin نﺪــﻧﺎــê وﻮــﻗ 

qûjen- ﻦــــ å êوﻮــﻗ 

v.t. to 

night; historical event 

close together (eyes, fingers) 

218

qûł ڵوﻮــــﻗ deep; ~âî ﰃüوﻮــــﻗ depth: la ~ i 

dilawa kâr’î kirdûa he labored from 

the bottom of his heart; ~î ﯽTوﻮﻗ depth 

qûłîna ﻪﻨﻴTوﻮﻗ fruit basket 

qûn نوﻮـﻗ anus, butt; ~ i qalam مvﻪـﻗ 

ﱏوﻮـﻗ 

stub of a pencil 

Qûstantaniya ﻪــﻴــﻧﻪــﺘ ــﻧﻪــﺘــــ 

8 ﺳوﻮــﻗ 

Constantinople 

rachałak کﻪــTﻪــ ﻩر root; ~-birînawa v.t. 

to uproot, eradicate 

rachâw وﺎــــ ﻩر observation; ~-kirdin v.t. 

to observe 

rafîq ﻖ;ﻓ ﻩر friend, comrade 

rag گ ﻩر vein, root 

ragaz زﻪـﮔﻩر origin, race; ~âyatî ﰏﻪـﯾازﻪـﮔﻩز 

racism 

rahanda ﻩﺪﻧ ﻪﻫﻩر 

wanderer, nomad 

rakhsân نﺎــﺴــﺧﻩر rakhse- âــﺴــﺧﻩر v.i. to 

come into existence 

rakhsândin نﺪـﻧﺎـﺴﺧ ـ ﻩر rakhsen- ﻦــ 

åﺴﺧ ـ ﻩر 

v.t. to bring about accidentally 

rama ﻪـــــﻣﻩر herd; ~kî common, ordinary 

(people), of the common herd 

rang 1 ﮓـــــــsﻩر color; ~-dân da/la to happen 

to; ~-dânawa to bleed (as color 

onto a fabric); ~dânawa i … bûn v.i. 

to be in accordance with; ~-hałbizirkân 

v.i. to lose color, go pale; ~hałbizirkâw 

وﰷرﱫــT ﻪــﻫﮓــsﻩر 

pale, “white as a 

sheet” (with fright); ~în ﲔﮕs ﻩر colorful 

rang 2 rat-dânawa ﻩو ﻪﻧاد تﻩر 

v.t. to rouse 

rawand ﺪﻧ ﻩوﻩر 

nomad 

rawâ-dîtin ﱳﯾد اوﻩر 

v.t. to allow 

rawg گو ﻩر herd: ~ a asp herd of horses 

rawisht ﺖﺷو ﻩر manner 

rawîn ﻦaو ﻩر v.i. to shy, run away 

razâ ازﻩر face, mien, aspect; ~girân dullard 

razâmandî یﺪــﻧﻪــﻣازﻩر agreement, acceptance 

razbar رﻪــــــزﺑ ﻩر the month of Libra (September 

23–October 22) 

razîl ﻞــــــزﯾ ﻩر stingy, tightfisted; ~î stinginess 

râ ار view, opinion 

râ- ار cmpd. vb. agent; see under the verbal 

element: râ-bwârdin, râ-girtin, râhâtin, 

râ-henân, râ-keshân, râ-wastân 

râ-bûn نوﻮـﺑار to be awakened, roused; la 

khaw ~ to be roused from sleep 

râbirdû وودﺮـــñار last, past: rozh i shamma 

i ~ last Saturday; la chand sada i ~’dâ 

over the last several centuries 

râburdû وودرﻮﺑار = râbirdû 

râ-chanîn, la khaw ﲔـﻧﻪـ ار وﻪـL 

v to wake 

from sleep with a start 

râchâw-kirdin ندﺮـــB وﺎـــ 

ار v.t. to choose, 

ﮓــsﻩر possible; ~ a ka ﻪ ــﮐ 

ﻪــﮕــsﻩر 

(+ 

subj.) it’s possible that 

ranj ﱋﻩر pain, suffering; ~-dân to take 

pains; to go to trouble; to suffer 

raq قﻩر stiff; ~ hał-hâtin v.i. to be 

frozen stiff; ~-kirdin v.t. to freeze; ~u-hîshk 

i sar ر ﻪﺳ ﯽﮑﺸõﻫوقﻩر 

madness 

raqan ن ﻪﻗﻩر 

hard, stoney ground 

rasan ن ﻪﺳﻩر 

pure, pure-blooded 

rash شﻩر black; ~abâ ﻪـــﺷﻩر dust storm; 

~mâl ڵﲈــــﺷﻩر black tent, nomadic tent; 

~posh شﯚﭙ8ﺷ ﻩر clad in black 

rashama ﻪـــــﻣﻪـــــﺷﻩر the month of Pisces 

(February 20– March 20) 

select, elect 

râda ﻩدار degree, extent: tâ ~yèk to an 

extent; tâ chi ~yèk to what extent? 

râgayândin نﺪﻧp ﻪﮔ‰ر communications 

râhat ت ﻪﻫار comfortable 

râhî ﯽﻫار solution; salvation 

râ-kirdin ندﺮB‰ر v.t. to run 

râmyâr رﺎــــــــــــــــ ; ﻣار 

shepherd, herdsman; 

statesman, politician 

rân 1 نار herd 

rân 2 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY 

نار leg, thigh 

rândin نﺪــــــﻧار ren- ﻦــــــ§ ر v.t. to drive; to 

throw (stones) 

râspârda ﻩدرﺎﭙ8ﺳار errand, charge 

râsperî یﺮåﭙ8ﺳار charge, commission 

râst ﺖـﺳار right, correct, true; ~-bûnawa 

to get up; ~-bûnawa la to loom over; 

~aqîna ﻪـﻨ;ﻗ ـ ـ ﻪـﺘ8ﺳ 

ــ ار truth: ~y bo darkawt 

219

the truth dawned on him; ~awkho 

ﯚـــﺧوﻪـــﺘــــــ 8 ﺳار 

straight, direct: ~ biro go 

straight ahead; ba ~î ﱴــــ 8 ﺳارﻪــﺑ 

actually, 

rebwâr راﻮﺒـlر wayfarer 

rechâł ڵﺎ¬lر, rechâr رﺎ¬lر marmalade 

rechka ﻪـﮑﭽl ـ ـر 

path of a swarm of insects; 

really, frankly; dast i ~ right hand; ~î 

ﱴ8ﺳار truth 

râtib ﺐـــــــــﺗار salary, stipend: ~ dadre ba 

~-bastin v.t. to swarm (of insects); ~ 

hał-kirdin v.t. to send out a swarm 

rega ﻪـﮕ§ ـ ر road, way; la ~ i…awa via; ~- 

darskhwen u kârkar i dawlat stipends girtin ba v.t. to stop, make halt: pâsa- 

are given to students and government wân rega’yân pe girt the guards 

workers 

râtu(a) ﻮﺗار theological student’s stipend 

râva-kirdin ندﺮB ﻩوار v.t. to explain 

râw وار prey, hunt; ~-kirdin v.t. to hunt; 

stopped him; ~-kutân v.t. to travel; 

regâ ﺎﮕ§ر road; ~ i âsin railroad; 

regir ﺮﮕ§ر highway robber, bandit 

rek ﮏــــ§ ر smooth, organized, correct; ~- 

~-nân v.t. to hunt down, track down: kawtin v.i. to go well, to be smoothly; 

polîs râwî nây the police tracked you 

down; ~ařewî-henân bo نﺎـــ 

ﻨ ﻫ یﻮـlڕﻩوار 

ﯚـﺑ v.t. to foxhunt; to sidetrack; ~ashaw 

وﻪـــﺷﻩوار night hunt; ~chî ﯽـــﭼوار hunter, 

out hunting; ~kar رﻪــــﮐوار hunter; ~- ushikâr 

رﲀﺷووار hunting 

râwezh ﮋـ§ وار speaking (lagał with), man- 

~-kawtin lagał v.i. to arrange with; ~khistin 

v.t. to rub together; to organize; 

to make up; to make a truce; ~kirdin 

v.t. to smooth, arrange; ~kewtin 

arrangement, agreement; ~-u-pek 

ﮏ ﭘ وﮏ§ر 

arranged, in order 

rekawt توﻪــــﮑ ــــ§ 

ر chance, accident: ba ~ 

ner of speaking 

rây یار idea, plan 

râyakh خ ﻪﯾار rug 

râz زار conversation; story 

râz|ân نازار râze- ێزار v.i. to be embellished; 

~ândin نﺪــﻧازار râzen- ﻦــ§ زار v.t. 

to embellish; ~ândinawa ﻩوﻪـــﻧﺪـــﻧازار to 

adorn, embellish 

râzâwa ﻩوازار embellished, decorated 

râzî یزار satisfied, content; lakho~ 

یزاڕﯚﺧ v self-satisfied 

by chance, by accident 

renwen ﻦـــ§ ﻮـــﻨـــlر 

leader; ~î-kirdin v.t. to 

lead 

reřaw وﻩgـــــــــ§ ر crossroads; chance: ba ~ 

tûshî bûm I met him by chance 

resh ﺶ‚ر wound, wounded 

reushwen ﻦ§ﻮﺷ و ێر way 

rewân ناﻮlر guide 

rewî یﻮlر fox 

rez 1 ﺰ§ر = rîz 

rez 2 SORANI KURDISH 

ﺰــــ§ ر respect; ~-girtin la v.t. to show 

respect for; ~legîrâw واﲑــــﮕــــ ــــﻟﺰــــ§ 

ر respected; 

ba~ ﺰ§ر ﻪﺑ respected, eminent 

re ێر way, road; ~-dân v.t. to admit, 

allow in; ~-girtin v.t. to commit highway 

robbery; ~-kawtin la to chance 

upon: ~m l’ aw jegâyá kawt I chanced 

upon that place; ~ te-chûn to be possible; 

ba ~ kirdin v.t. to escort out/ 

away; ba ~wa birdin v.t. to lead, 

manage, administer; ba ~wa kawtin 

to get under way, hit the road; birdinà 

ba ~wa to carry out, execute; la ~ i 

ﻰälر v by way of, through, via 

rebandân ناﺪـﻧﻪ ر the month of Aquarius 

ــ ﺒl 

(January 21– February 19) 

rebar ر ﻪﺒـlر leader, guide 

220 

rez- 3 ﺰ§ر pres. stem of ristin 

reza ﻩﺰـــــ§ ر bit, little bit; la ~ i ...dâ equal 

to: kichim la reza i kuř i aw’dâya my 

daughter is equal to his son 

rezh- ﮋ§ر pres. stem of rishtin 

rezmân نﺎـﻣﺰـ§ ر grammar; ~î ﱏﺎـﻣﺰـ§ ر gram- 

matical 

ridenspî ﯽäﭙ8ﺴ¿lدر elder 

rif فر shelf 

rifḥa ﻪﲿر = rif 

rikef ﻒ ﮐر stirrup 

rim مر spear

imândin نﺪــــﻧﺎــــﻣر rimen- ﻦــــåــــﻣر v.t. to rîz 

destroy 

rinân نáر: dâ-~ v.t. to shed (skin, 

clothes) 

rinîn ﲔـــــرﻧ v.t. to scratch with the fingernails; 

~-awa ditto; qizh-~awa to pull 

the hair out 

2 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY 

ﺰــرa line, rank: rîz i lashkir i duzhmin 

enemy army ranks; ~-kirdin v.t. to 

line up, arrange 

ro ۆر = rozh 

rochin ﻦــــــﭼۆر window, skylight: ~akán 

riq قر spite, spitefulness; ~abar رﻪــــﺑﻪــــرﻗ 

spiteful rival; ~abarâyatî ﰏﻪـــﯾارﻪـــﺑﻪـــرﻗ 

bikaynawa let’s open the windows 

roła ﻪTۆر child 

român نﺎﻣۆر story 

spiteful rivalry 

rishqanjâr رﺎﳒ ﻪﻘﺷر butt of a joke 

rishtin ﱳــﺷر rezh- ﮋــ§ ر v.t. to pour; ~awa 

ﻩوﻪــــــ û n ﺷر 

to pour, cast (metal), to stir up 

trouble; dâ-~ = dâ-rizhândin; hał-~ 

to shed (tears) 

rist ﺖﺳر line, dog collar 

rista ﻪﺘ8ﺳر noodle; sentence 

ristin ﱳﺳر rez- ﺰ§ر v.t. to spin (thread) 

riwân ناور v.i. to be green (of a field) 

riwâłat ت ﻪTاور mien 

rizân نازر v.i. to rot; dâ-~ to be overcooked; 

to rot and fall to pieces 

rizândin نﺪــﻧازر rizen- ﻦــ§ زر v.t. to make/ 

let rot 

rizgâr رﺎـﮔزر saved, rescued; ~-bûn v.i. to 

be saved, to escape: rizgâryân bû they 

were saved, they escaped; ~-kirdin 

v.t. to rescue, to save: tanyâ to datwânî 

l’ am balâyá rizgârmân bikay 

only you can save us from this catastrophe; 

~î salvation, liberation, rescue; 

~îkhwâz زاﻮــــﳜرﺎــــﮔزر liberationist; 

~kar ر ﻪﮐرﺎﮔزر rescuer, savior 

rizhân ناژر v.i. to pour out, be poured 

out; dâ-~ to pour down, fall down 

rizhândin نﺪـﻧاژر rizhen- ﻦـ§ ژر v.t. to pour 

out; dâ-~ to pour, mold; lay (foundation) 

rizhdî یدژر miserliness, stinginess 

rizhtin ﻦéژر = rishtin 

rîkordar ر ﻩدرﯚﮑaر tape recorder 

rîqna ﻪûﻘﯾر bird droppings 

rîsh ﺶßر beard; ~-tâshîn v.t. to shave 

rîsha ﻪﺸßر root 

rîz 1 ron نۆر oil, grease, fat 

roshin ﻦــﺷۆر bright; ~bîr ﲑــــ “ ﻨــــ 8 ﺷۆر 

intellectual, 

enlightened; ~-kirdin v.t. to 

light, turn on, start (machines) 

Rostam مﻪــﺘــــ 8 ﺳۆر 

Rustam, the legendary 

champion of Iran 

royshtin ﱳــﺸــßۆر ro- ۆر v.i. to go (away, 

off), leave 

rozh ژۆر day; ~âna ﻪــﻧاژۆر daily; ~(h)alât 

تüﻪـــﻫژۆر east, orient, dawn: rozhałât i 

nâwrâst the Middle East; ~hałâtnâs 

سﺎـــــﻨـــــﺗüﻪـــــﻫژور orientalist; ~âwâ اواژۆر 

west; ~èkyân نﺎــ; ــﮑ ــ§ 

ژۆر one day; ~nâma 

ﻪـــــــــــﻣáژۆر newspaper; ~nâmanûs 

سوﻮﻧ ﻪﻣáژۆر journalist 

rozhgâr رﺎــــــــــــــﮔژۆر days, time: la ~ân i 

kon’dâ in olden times; fate 

rozhû ووژۆر fasting; ~-girtin to fast 

rukhân نﺎـــــــــLور rukhe- âـــــــــﺧور v.i. to 

collapse 

rukhândin نﺪـﻧﺎـLور rukhen- ﻦــ åLور 

v.t. to 

destroy, pull down 

rukhsat تﻪــﺴــﺧور permission; ~-dân v.t. 

to give permission; ~-khwâstin la v.t. 

to request permission of 

rukhsâr رﺎﺴﺧور face 

runâk کáور = rûnâk 

ruwâłat تﻪــــTاور obviousness; hypocrisy; 

ﺰaر small, tiny 

ba ~ obviously 

rû وور face, aspect, mien; ~-dân v.t. to 

happen, occur; ~-dân ba yek v.t. to 

frown; ~-kirdin rwaw v.t. to face, 

turn toward; ~-kirdinà … to face, 

head for (s.o., s.th.); ~ ba ~ i face to 

face with, opposite; ~ i dam kirdinà 

… v.t. to turn to face …; ba ~ kho’dâ 

henân to reveal; khistinà ~ v.t. to 

221


bring to light, to reveal; l’ am ~áwa v 

ﻩو ﻩوورم 

in this respect 

rûbâr ر وور river 

rûdiřâw واڕدوور event 

rûdâw وادوور event, incident 

rûgirzh ژﺮﮔوور frowning 

rûkândin نﺪـــﻧﰷوور rûken- ﻦــــــ å ﮐوور 

v.t. to 

scratch 

rûkâr رﰷوور cover 

rûkhosh شﯚـــــﺧوور cheerful; ~î cheerful- 

sagasaga-kirdin ندﺮــB ﻪــﮔﻪــﺳﻪــﮔﻪــﺳ 

v.t. to 

play ’possum 

saghlat تÉــôﻪــﺳ confused, perplexed; ~î 

ﰏ Éôﻪﺳ 

confusion 

saḥrâ اﺮﺣ ﻪﺳ field 

sakht ﺖﺧ ﻪﺳ hard, difficult 

sako ﯚﮐ ﻪﺳ bench 

sakta ﻪـﺘﮐ ـ ﻪـﺳ 

heart attack; ~-kirdin v.t. to 

have a heart attack 

sałâ üﻪـــــﺳ resurrection; ro i ~ üﻪـــــﺳ 

ىۆر 

ness 

rûmat ت ﻪﻣوور cheek 

rûn نوور bright, clear; ~-kirdin v.t. to 

explain 

rûnâk کáوور bright; ~bîr ﲑـــﺒـــBáوور intellectual; 

~î ﰽáوور brightness 

rûpař ڕ ﻪﭘوور page 

rûshân نﺎـــﺷوور v.i. to be scratched; ~din 

نﺪﻧﺎﺷوور rûshen- ﻦåﺷوور v.t. to scratch 

rût توور naked; ~al لﻪـــــــﺗوور naked; ~alî 

ﱃ ﻪﺗوور nakedness 

rûtâł ڵcوور frowning, with a sour 

expression 

rûtan ن ﻪﺗوور wasteland, desert 

rwaw و ﻩور toward 

rwân ناور rwe- ێور v.i. to grow, sprout: 

tokaî chândim rwâ the seed I planted 

sprouted; ~ga ﻪــﮕــsاور standpoint, view- 

doomsday 

salâmat تﻪـــﻣﻻﻪـــﺳ healthy; ~î health; ba 

~î in good health 

sałmândin نﺪـﻧﲈـTﻪـ ﺳ sałmen- ﻦــ åﻤT ـﻪـﺳ 

v.t. to 

prove, to accept 

sałmenrân ناﲊــﻤT ـﻪـﺳ 

sałmenre- ێﲊــﻤT 

ـﻪـﺳ 

v.p. to be proven 

sałp ﭗـTﻪـﺳ oar; ~ândin نﺪـﻧﺎـﭙT ـﻪـﺳ 

salpen- 

ﻦåﭙT ﻪﺳ v.t. to row 

sałt ﺖــــTﻪــــﺳ single, unmarried; ~azalâm 

مﻻ ﻩزﻪﺘTﻪﺳ 

a solitary traveler on foot 

samar ر ﻪﻣﻪﺳ 

fruit 

samara ﻩرﻪــﻣﻪــﺳ amazing: shitèk i sayr u 

~ya it’s something amazing; toil 

samâ ﺎﻣ ﻪﺳ dance; ~-kirdin v.t. to dance 

samâs سﺎﻣ ﻪﺳ patient, calm 

samâwar ر ﻩوﺎﻣﻪﺳ 

samovar 

sandin نﺪــﻧﻪــﺳ sen- ﻦــــ å ﺳ v.t. to take, take 

point 

rwânîn ﲔــــــﻧاور v.t. to look; ~à ... to look 

at: rwânîyânà min they looked at me; 

hold of, get, buy 

sangân نﺎـــﮕـــsﻪـــﺳ sange- âـــﮕـــsﻪـــﺳ v.i. to 

weigh; ~din نﺪـﻧﺎـﮕs ـﻪـﺳ 

sangen- ﻦــ 

åﮕs ـﻪـﺳ 

hał-~ ba to look something over from v.t. to weigh, evalute; hał-~din to 

top to bottom, to give s.o. the “onceover” 

sa ﻪﺳ = sag 

sa‘ât تﺎـ`ﻪـﺳ hour, clock, o’clock: la ~ (i) 

evaluate, assess 

sangîn ﲔﮕs ﻪﺳ heavy 

sannalî ﱃ ﻪﻨﻧﻪﺳ 

chair 

sapân نﺎـــﭘﻪـــﺳ v.i. to be imposed, forced; 

~din نﺪـﻧﺎـﭘﻪـﺳ sapen- ﻦـåﭘ ـ ﻪـﺳ 

v.t. to im- 

chwâr-dâ at four o’clock 

sabârat ba ﻪـﺑ تﻩر 

ﻪـﺳ 

concerning, about, 

pose 

saqat تﻪــﻗﻪــﺳ dangerous: pyâwèk i saqat 

in terms of 

sabîl ﻞﻴﺑ ﻪﺳ tobacco pipe 

sad د ﻪﺳ hundred; ~a century 

safar ر ﻪﻓﻪﺳ 

trip; ~-kirdin v.t. to travel 

sag گﻪــــــﺳ dog; ~ i pe-sûtâw wandering 

aimlessly 

a— nâwerim bichimà lây he’s a dangerous 

man—I don’t dare go near him 

Saqiz ﺰــــــﻗﻪــــــﻗ Saqqez, a town in Iranian 

Kurdistan 

saqâ ﺎﻗ ﻪﺳ watercarrier, waterseller 

sar رﻪـﺳ head (verbal expressions involv- 

222


ing sar are given below; for all other shâr it has come to my mind to go to 

compounds, see alphabetically): ~ âw 

chûnawa v.i. to go to the bathroom; ~ 

bilind-kirdinawa v.t. to rebel; ~ dâ- 

town 

sarabahâr رﺎﻫ ﻪﺑﻩرﻪﺳ 

beginning of spring 

sarak کﻩرﻪــــــــــــﺳ head, chief, president: 

nwândin ba to bow the head to; la ~ 

dân v.t. to decapitate; ~ dar-henân 

v.t. to appear: gyâ sar’î darhenâwa 

the plants have appeared; to stick the 

head out: sar’î la panjara darhenâ 

she stuck her head out of the window; 

~ kho hâtin v.i. to recover; ~ la farmân 

i … hał-pechân to disobey; ~ la 

re dân v.t. to disappoint: sar’mân la 

re’t dâya you’ve disappointed us; ~birdin 

v.t. to spend (time); ~ chamândin 

v.t. to lower the head, to give 

up, submit; ~-dar-chûn la v.i. to 

sarak wazîrân prime minister; ~î 

ﰽ ﻩرﻪﺳ 

main, chief 

sar’anjâm مﺎﳒ ﻪﺋرﻪﺳ 

in the end, finally 

sarařâ i یاڕ ﻩرﻪﺳ 

in addition to 

sarařo ۆڕ ﻩرﻪﺳ 

headstrong 

saratâ c ﻩرﻪﺳ 

beginning 

sarawa ﻩو ﻩرﻪﺳ 

upward 

sarawgird دﺮﮔو ﻩرﻪﺳ 

guardian (of a child) 

sarawkhwâr راﻮﺧو ﻩرﻪﺳ 

headed down 

sarawzher ﺮ§ژو ﻩرﻪﺳ 

headed down 

sarawzhûr رووژو ﻩرﻪﺳ 

headed up 

sarâ ار ﻪﺳ government building 

sarâpâ ﺎـــــﭘارﻪـــــﺳ from head to foot, com- 

understand: sarim le darnâche I don’t 

understand; ~-dâ-nawândin v.t. to 

lower the head; ~-dân la v.t. to visit, 

pletely 

sarâw وار ﻪﺳ spring 

sarbadarawa ﻩوﻩرﻩدﻪــــرﺑ ﻪــــﺳ 

well-known, 

go to see; ~-gum-kirdin v.t. to get 

excited; ~-hał-girtin v.t. to break the 

famous 

sarbakho ﯚـﺧﻪـرﺑ ﻪـﺳ 

independent; ~î inde- 

reins; ~-keshân v.t. to peek; ~ khistinà 

~ v.t. to tease: saryân khistà sarmân 

they teased us; ~-khulânawa v.i. 

pendence 

sarbaraw|zher(a) ( ه) 

ﺮـ§ 

ژوﻩرﻪـرﺑ 

ﻪـﺳ 

headed 

down; ~zhûr(a) ﻩرووژوﻩرﻪـــرﺑ ﻪـــﺳ 

headed 

to be dizzy; kirdinà ~… v.t. to impose 

on, charge with: pâshâ dakâtà 

up 

sarbarz زرﻪــــرﺑ ﻪــــﺳ 

honorable, respected, 

sar âshawân kichaká’y bidâtè the 

king forces the miller to give him his 

with one’s head held high 

sarbast ﺖـــﺳﻪـــرﺑ ﻪـــﺳ 

free, independent; ~î 

daughter; ba ~ kirdinawa v.t. to visit; 

~ le-shewân v.i. to be helpless, in distress; 

~-nânawa v.t. to lay one’s head 

down (to sleep): dabûâya sarî be 

shew binetawa he would have had to 

freedom, independence 

sarbân ن ر ﻪﺳ roof 

sarbâz ز ر ﻪﺑ soldier; ~î military 

sarbilind ﺪﻨﻠﺑر ﻪﺳ proud 

sarbiř gــــــرñ ﻪــــــﺳ 

shortcut: ~ royshtim, zû 

lay his head down without supper; gayshtim I took a shortcut and got 

~pechî-kirdin v.t. to be obstinate; ~spârdin 

ba v.t. to rely totaly upon: 

sar’im pe daspere she relies totally 

upon me; ~-tâshîn v.t. to have a hair- 

here early 

sarburd درﻮﺑر ﻪﺳ adventure 

sarbûrî یروﻮﺑر ﻪﺳ adventure 

sarchâwa ﻩوﺎــــــ رﻪــــــﺳ 

source, spring; ~cut; 

~udar dar-kirdin la v.t. to understand: 

l’ am kârá sarudar darnâgirtin 

la v.t. to originate with 

sarchopî ﯽäـــﭘﯚـــﭼرﻪـــﺳ leadership of a ring 

kam I don’t understand this; ba ~ 

hâtin v.i. to happen; birdinà ~ v.t. to 

spend (time); hâtinà ~ v.i. to think, to 

come to mind: hâtûtà sarim bichim bo 

dance 

sardam مﻩدرﻪـﺳ moment; ~è(k) ﮏــ 

¥ﻣﻩدرﻪـﺳ 

all at once; ~î ﯽﻣ ﻩدرﻪﺳ 

temporary 

sardast ﺖـﺳﻩدرﻪـﺳ sleeve; ~akî ﰽﻪـــ 

ﺘ8ﺳﻩدرﻪـﺳ 

223

standing (doing something normally sarpot تﯚﭘر ﻪﺳ desultory, superficial 

done seated or lying down): ~ tifang’î sarqâp پﺎﻗر ﻪﺳ lid 

hâwîsht he fired the rifle standing sarqâfilachî âﭼ Éﻓﺎﻗرﻪﺳ 

caravan leader 

sardân i ﱏادر ﻪﺳ visit to 

sarraq ق ﻩررﻪﺳ 

stubborn 

sardâr ر ر ﻪﺳ leader, chief 

sarrâ اررﻪـﺳ in addition; by the by; on the 

saren ﻦ§ر ﻪﺳ lifetime 

way 

saresha ﻪ ـﺸ‚ ـرﻪـﺳ 

, sareshân نﺎـﺸ‚ ـرﻪـﺳ 

head- sarrishta ﻪﺘ8ﺷرر ﻪﺳ expertise 

ache 

sarrût توورر ﻪﺳ bareheaded, schoolchild 

sargardânî ﱏادر ﻪﮔرﻪﺳ 

perplexity sarsarî یر ﻪﺳرﻪﺳ 

flighty, empty-headed 

sargarmkar ر ﻪﮑﻣرﻪﮔرﻪﺳ 

amusing sarsâm مﺎﺳر ﻪﺳ perplexed, dumbfounded 

sargirân ناﺮﮔر ﻪﺳ lazy, drunk 

sarshoř ڕﯚﺷر ﻪﺳ humiliated 

sargurushta ﻪﺘ8ﺷورﻮﮔر ﻪﺳ adventure sarsuřmân نﺎـــﻣڕﻮـــﺳرﻪـــﺳ amazement: ba 

sarhât تﺎﻫر ﻪﺳ event 

sarsuřmânawa gutim I said with 

sarinj ﱋرﻪــــــﺳ scrutiny, investigation; ~- amazement 

dân la to scrutinize, investigate close- sartâsh شcرﻪـــــــﺳ barber; ~khâna ﻪـــــــﺳ 

ly; ~ râ-keshan v.t. to attract the at- ﻪﻧﺎÿﺷcر barbershop 

tention; ~râkesh ﺶåﮐ‰ﺮﳒر ﻪﺳ attractive sartop پﯚــــرﺗ ﻪــــﺳ 

unrivaled (in beauty or 

sarîn ﻦaر ﻪﺳ pillow 

bravery): l’ am nâwá’dâ ~a he is 

sarjam مﻪــêرﻪــﺳ collection, ensemble, al- unrivaled in these parts 

together; ba ~ together with; ~gal ﻪـــﺳ 

sarugwelâk کﻼlﻮﮔور ﻪﺳ form, shape 

ل ﻪﮕﻣﻪ 

ر community 

sarwar ر ﻩورﻪﺳ 

leader; ~î leadership 

sarkawtû وﻮـــوﺗ ﻪـــﮐرﻪـــﺳ 

successful, having saryek ک ﻪﯾرﻪﺳ 

altogether 

attained one’s desire, having made an sarzawî یو ﻩزرﻪﺳ 

earth, land 

achievement; ~âna ﻪـﻧاوﻮـوﺗ ﻪـﮐرﻪـﺳ 

trium- sarzârakî ﰽ ﻩرازرﻪﺳ 

all talk and no action 

phantly 

sarzârî یرازر ﻪﺳ talk, speech 

sarkhosh شﯚﺧر ﻪﺳ drunk 

sarzhimârî یرﺎﻣژر ﻪﺳ census 

sarkird|a ﻩدﺮـرB ﻪـﺳ 

commander, leader; ~aî sawa ﻩو ﻪﺳ basket 

ﰃﻩدﺮـرB ﻪـﺳ 

leadership, command; ~âyatî sawdâ ادوﻪــــﺳ commerce, trade; love; ec- 

ﰏ ﻪﯾادﺮBرﻪﺳ 

leadership 

zema; ~î ﰃادوﻪـــــــﺳ afflicted with ecze- 

sarkomâr رﺎﻣﯚﮐر ﻪﺳ president 

ma; violently in love 

sarkona ﻪﻧﯚﮐر ﻪﺳ reproach, rebuke sawr روﻪــــــــــــﺳ slowly: ~ qsa bika speak 

sarkwer ﺮ§ﻮBر ﻪﺳ stupid 

slowly 

sarleshewâw واﻮ 8ﺸåﻟر ﻪﺳ distressed sawz زۆ ﻪﺳ green 

sarmashq ﻖــﺷﻪــﻣرﻪــ ﺳ lesson; hâtinà ~ to say ی ﻪﺳ = sag 

serve as an example 

sayâra ﻩرp ﻪﺳ automobile 

sarmâ ﺎـﻣرﻪـﺳ cold, coldness; ~-khwârdin saydawân ناو ﻩﺪﯾﻪﺳ 

hunter 

v.t. to catch cold 

sayid ﺪـﯾﻪـﺳ sayyid, title borne by descen- 

sarmâwaz زﻩوﺎـــﻣرﻪـــﺳ the month of Sagitdants of the Prophet Muhammad 

tarius (November 22–December 21) sayr ﺮـaﻪـﺳ strange, odd: ~a that’s odd; ~- 

sarnâs سáر ﻪﺳ famous, well-known kirdin v.t. to look: sayr i amá ka look 

sarok کۆرﻪـــﺳ leader; ~âyatî ﰏﻪـــﯾﰷۆرﻪـــﺳ 

at this! 

leadership 

sayrân ناﺮـaﻪـﺳ outing, trip; ~gar رﻪـﮕs 

ـاﺮـa 

ﻪـﺳ 

sarparisht ﺖﺷر ﻪﭘرﻪﺳ 

chief, head 

excursioner, tourist 

sarpech ﭻ ﭘر ﻪﺳ obstinate, refractory sâ 

sarpiř g ر ﻪﺳ brimful 

1 ﺎﺳ then, so 

sâ 2 SORANI KURDISH 

ﺎـــــﺳ shadow; na bikay na bikhoy, har 

224


waffle; be seudû lekirdin وود و âـــﺳ 

/ 

tamâshâ i sâ i gardinî bikay you 

wouldn’t be able to do anything or eat 

anything, you’d just look at the shadow 

of her neck (an expression for being 

mesmerized by beauty) 

sâbûn نوﻮﺑﺎﺳ soap 

sâda ﻩدﺎﺳ simple 

ندﺮﮑ ﻟ without hesitation 

sebar ر ﻪmåﺳ shadow 

sedâra ﻩراﺪ 8ﺳ gallows 

sełâw وÀ 8ﺳ flood, deluge 

sew ﻮ 8ﺳ apple 

sâgh غﺎـــﺳ whole, hail, healthy; ~î ﯽـــﻏﺎـــﺳ 

shabaq قﻪــــﺑﻪــــﺷ dawn; ~-dân v.t. imprs. 

for dawn to break: wirda wirda sha- 

health; ~-bûnawa to reach a conclubaqî dadâ little by little dawn was 

sion, come to an end 

sâkâr رﰷòﺳ straightforward 

sâkhta ﻪµﺧﺎﺳ fabricated, false 

sâkhtimân ن0ﺧﺎﺳ building 

sâł ڵﺎﺳ year; ~gâr a long period of time 

sâm مﺎــــــــــــــﺳ fear: sâm’î le nîsht he was 

gripped by fear; ~nâk کﺎــ ûﻣﺎـﺳ 

frightful; 

ba~ مﺎــﺳﻪــﺑ fearful, terrible; piř~ مﺎــﺳgــ 

fearful, frightful 

sâmâł ڵﺎﻣﺎﺳ clear (sky, weather) 

sândin نﺪﻧﺎﺳ sen- ﻦåﺳ = sitândin 

sâqata ﻪﺗ ﻪﻗﺎﺳ tree trunk 

sârd درﺎــﺳ cold; ~î coldness; ~î u garmî i 

zhyân dîtin to have much experience 

breaking 

shakat ت ﻪﮐﻪﺷ 

tired; ~î exhaustion 

shakând- ﺪﻧﰷ ﻪﺷ = shikândshakhs 

ﺲﺧ ﻪﺷ person, personage 

shałâł ڵüﻪــــــــــــــــــﺷ steeped; la khwen ~ 

steeped in blood 

shamcha ﻪ¬ﻣ ﻪﺷ match 

shamma ﻪﳑ ﻪﺷ Saturday 

shamshama ﻪـﻣﻪـﺸﻣ ـ ﻪـﺷ 

bat; ~kwera ﻪـﺸﻣ 

ـ ﻪـﺷ 

ﻩﺮ§ﻮB ﻪﻣ bat 

shan ن ﻪﺷ winnowing 

shap پ ﻪﺷ slap 

shapoł ڵﯚﭘ ﻪﺷ wave 

shaq قﻪــــــــﺷ slap, kick; ~ hał-dân ba to 

in life 

sârghî ﯽﻏرﺎﺳ bandage 

sâřezh ﮋـــ§ ڕﺎـــﺳ 

healed; ~-bûn v.i. to heal 

kick; ba ~ pe-kirdin to kick around: 

ba shaq tarâten i hawshaká’yân pe 

kirdim they kicked me all around the 

(wound) 

Sâsânî ﱏﺎﺳﺎﺳ Sassanian 

sât تﺎــــــــﺳ time, moment; la dwâ ~ i aw 

courtyard; ~-birdin v.t. to crack, split; 

to go to pieces, to fly into a rage 

shaqa ﻪــــــﻗﻪــــــﺷ flutter, sound of a bird’s 

rozhá in the aftermath of that day 

sâwân ناوﺎــــﺳ sâw- وﺎــــﺳ v.t. to rub, wear 

down 

sâwîlka ﻪﮑﻠﯾوﺎﺳ poor, beggarly 

sâya ﻪـﯾﺎـﺳ shadow; la ~ i ىﻪـﯾﺎـﺳ v because 

of, on account of 

sâz زﺎـــــــــــــﺳ musical instrument; happy; 

wealthy; ready; baggage; ~inda ﻩﺪــزﺎ 

ﻧ ــﺳ 

musician; ~-kirdin v.t. to construct; 

~-krân la v.p. to be constructed of 

sbayn|î ﲎـﯾﻪـــ ﺒ8ﺳ tomorrow; bo ~e > ـﯾﻪـــ 

ﺒ8ﺳ ﯚـﺑ 

the next morning, tomorrow morning 

sbene >åﺒ8ﺳ = sbaynî 

se âـﺳ three; ~ham مﻪـﻬـ ــ 8ﺳ third; ~shamma 

ﻪـﳑﻪـﺸåﺳ ـ ـ Tuesday; ~-u-dû-(le) kirdin 

v.t. ندﺮــ6 ( âــﻟ) 

وود و âــﺳ 

to hesitate, 

wing in flight; dân la ~ i bâl v.t. to 

flap the wings 

shaqâm مﺎﻗ ﻪﺷ street 

shaqâw وﺎﻗ ﻪﺷ big step 

shaqqa ﻪﻘﻗ ﻪﺷ = shaqa 

shař ڕﻪــــﺷ fight; ~-kirdin v.t. to fight; ~nânawa 

v.t. to stir up war; ~ajwenkirdin 

dagal ڵﻪــﮔﻩد ندﺮــB 

ﻦــ§ 

ﻮــﺟﻩڕﻪــﺷ 

v.t. 

to exchange curses with; ~agařak ﻪـــﺷ 

کﻩڕﻪـــــــــﮔﻩڕ war between city quarters, 

civil war; ~ânî ﱏاڕ ﻪﺷ hostile 

sharm مرﻪــــــــــــﺷ shame, embarrassment: 

sharm girtimî I was embarrassed; 

~azâr راز ﻪﻣرﻪﺷ 

embarrassed 

sharwâł ڵاور ﻪﺷ pants, trousers 

shash ش ﻪﺷ six; ~am م ﻪﺷ ﻪﺷ sixth 

225


shatak-dân ناد کﻪﺗﻪﺷ 

to tie up tight ~zwân ناوز ﻩﻮ 8ﺷ dialect 

shaw وﻪـــﺷ night; am~ وﻪـــﺸـــﻣﻪـــﺋ tonight; shewała ﻪT ﻩﻮ 8ﺷ very small valley 

~chara ﻩرﻪــ وﻪــﺷ 

banquet; ~è ێوﻪــﺷ by shewân ناﻮـــ 8ﺷ shewe- ێﻮـــ 8ﺷ v.i. to be in 

night; ~gâr رﺎﮔو ﻪﺷ all night long distress; ~din نﺪـﻧاﻮـ ــ 8ﺷ shewen- ﻦـ§ 

ﻮـ 

ــ 8ﺷ 

shaytân نﺎﺘﯾ ﻪﺷ Satan, the devil 

v.t. to cause distress 

shâ ﺎـﺷ king; ~nishîn ﲔـﺸÎ ـﺎـﺷ 

capital; ~rag shewâz زاﻮ 8ﺷ = shîwâz 

گ ﻩرﺎﺷ artery 

shikaft ﺖﻓ ﻪﮑﺷ cave 

shâbâł ڵ ﺎﺷ wing feather 

shâd ــﺷ 

shikân نﲀﺷ shke- âﮑﺷ v.i. to break 

دﺎ happy; ~î joy, rejoicing; ~-bûn 

v.i. to rejoice at seeing someone from 

whom one has been separated 

shâdimânî ﱏﺎﻣدﺎﺷ gaity, joy 

shâgashka ﻪـﮑﺷ ـ ﻪـﮔòـﺷ 

overjoyed, about to 

faint from joy 

shâhîd ﺪﻴﻫﺎﺷ witness 

shâkh خﺎﺷ mountain; horn 

shâłîna ﻪﻨﻴTﺎﺷ a square of woolen cloth 

shâłłâ ÀــTﺎــﺷ I wish (+ past cond.) shâłłâ 

bíhâtîtâya I wish you had come 

shân نﺎـــــــﺷ shoulder; ~-dânà bar v.t. to 

undertake 

shân-dân ناد نﺎﺷ v.t. to show 

shâno ﯚﻧﺎﺷ stage 

shânâzî یزáﺎــﺷ pride; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to 

take pride in 

shâr رﺎــــﺷ city; ~azâ ازﻩرﺎــــﺷ urbane, citified; 

~azâ la knowledgeable, expert 

in; ~ângař ڕﻪــــﮕــــsارﺎــــﺷ world traveler; 

~badar رﻩدﻪــــﺑرﺎــــﺷ exiled, driven from 

town; ~istâniyatî ﰏﻪـﻴﻧ ـﺎـﺘ8ﺳ 

ــ رﺎـﺷ 

civilization; 

~î یرﺎــﺷ urban; ~ochka ﻪــﮑــﭼۆرﺎــﺷ 

town; ~oka ﻪﮐۆرﺎﺷ town 

shârdin ندرﺎـــﺷ shâr- رﺎ ـــﺷ: 

~-awa v.t. to 

hide, conceal 

shâro ۆرﺎﺷ a sheaf of reaped wheat 

shât u shût توﻮﺷ و تﺎﺷ bragging 

shâyî ﱙﺎ ـــﺷ 

= shâdî; ~ u zamâwand kirdin 

lagał to get married to 

shena ﻪûåﺷ breeze; ~î patience, stealth 

sher ﺮåﺷ lion; ~panja ﻪﳒ ﻪﭘﺮåﺷ cancer 

shet ﺖــåــﺷ crazy; ~-bûn v.i. to go crazy; 

~khâna ﻪﻧﺎÿµåﺷ insane asylum 

shew 1 ﻮ 8ﺷ dinner, evening meal 

shew 2 shikândin نﺪــﻧﲀــﺷ shken- ﻦــåــﮑــﺷ v.t. to 

break, to vanquish, to dishonor 

shikâr رﲀﺷ hunting 

shikeř gåﮑﺷ mountain crag 

shikhâta ﻪﺗﺎÿﺷ matches 

shikift ﺖﻔﮑﺷ = shikaft 

shikist ﺖـــﺴـــﮑـــﺷ defeat; ~-henân v.t. to 

defeat; ~-khwârdin v.t. to be defeated 

shil ﻞــــــــﺷ loose, weak, flabby; wet, watery; 

~-kirdin v.t. to loosen, untie (a 

knot); ~~-kutân v.t. to beat to a pulp: 

shilshil kutâyânim they beat me to a 

pulp 

shiłazhân ناژﻪـkﺷ ـ shiłazhe- ێژﻪـkﺷ ـ v.i. to 

get confused 

shiłâp پÀﺷ splash 

shiller ﺮåﻠﻠﺷ a type of tulip 

shiłpa ﻪـــﭙـــkـــﺷ splat, splash; (meta.) very 

greasy pilaf 

shimak ک ﻪﴰ belongings 

shimqâr رﺎﻘﴰ hawk 

shimsher ﺮåﺸﴰ sword 

shinashin ﻦﺷ ﻪﻨ8ﺷ huffing and puffing 

shingił-dân ناد « ــﮕــﻨــــ 8 ﺷ v.t. to bestir oneself 

shinîn ﲔـــ ﻨ8ﺷ v.i. to blow (wind); ~awa to 

blow (in the wind) 

shipirza ﻩزﺮŒﺷ scattered, distracted 

shiř-u-wiř-bûn نوﻮــــــــﺑ ڕو و gــــــــﺷ 

to be 

ﻮ 8ﺷ = shîw 

shewa ﻩﻮـــــ ــــــــــ 8 ﺷ style, manner; dialect; 

ripped: kirâsakám shiřuwiřbûwa my 

shirt is ripped and torn 

shirîkhândin نﺪـﻧﺎـﳜﴍ shirîkhen- ﻦـåﳜ 

ـ ﴍ 

v.t. to roar 

shit ﺖﺷ thing 

shitin ﱳـــﺷ sho- ﯚ ـــﺷ 

(v.t.; 3rd sing. pres. 

shwâ) to wash; ~awa to wash again 

shîla Éﻴ8ﺷ juice 

226

shîn 1 ﲔـــــﺷ dark blue, dark green; ~-bûn 

to become green (plants); ~-bûnawa 

la v.i. (1) to importune, pester: to bo 

la min shîn bûyawa u das bar nâday? 

why are you pestering me so incessantly?; 

(2) to turn blue from laughter: 

la pekanîn shîn bûmawa I died laughing 

shîn 2 SORANI–ENGLISH VOCABULARY 

shûra ﻩروﻮﺷ city wall 

shûraî ﰃ ﻩروﻮﺷ shame, disgrace 

shûsha ﻪﺷوﻮﺷ glass; ~band windshield 

shwâ(t) ( ت) 

اﻮــــﺷ 

(third sing. pres. of shitin) 

shwân ناﻮﺷ shepherd 

shwen ﻦــ§ ﻮــﺷ 

place; ~ a gishtîakân public 

places; ~ … kawtin v.i. to follow, 

ﲔﺷ wail, lament 

pursue, chase: shwen kilâw i bâbirdû 

shînatî ﰏ ﻪûõﺷ = shînaward 

kawtûa he’s on a wild goose chase; 

shînaward در ﻩوﻪــــــ 

û õ ﺷ/shînawird 

دروﻪــــــ 

û õ ﺷ ba ~ regâ i …dâ gařân to look for a 

summer garden 

way to …; ~awâr راوﻪــــﻨــــlﻮــــﺷ remain, 

shîr ﲑﺷ milk; sword 

monument, ruin; ~awârî یراوﻪــــــــ 

ﻨ lﻮــــﺷ 

shîrîn ﻦaﲑﺷ sweet, nice 

monumental 

Shîrîn ﻦـــﲑa ـــﺷ 

Shirin, Armenian princess sifat تﻪـﻔﺳ ـ fidelity; ba~ تﻪـﻔﺳ ـ ﻪـﺑ 

faithful; 

and wife of the Sassanian Chosroës be~ تﻪــﻔــﺳ/ unfaithful; be~î ﰏﻪــﻔــﺳ/ 

Parvez 

infidelity 

shîsh ﺶـõﺷ ـ skewer, stake; ~a ﻪـﺸõﺷ ـ ـ bot- sija ﻪﲭ red 

tle; skewer 

sik ﮏــــــﺳ belly, womb; ~-dâ-nân v.t. to 

shîw ﻮﻴ8ﺷ narrow valley 

give birth; ~-kirdin v.t. to get preg- 

shîwâz زاﻮﻴ8ﺷ appearance, form 

nant 

sho ﯚـﺷ limit, boundary; be~ ﯚـﺸåﺑ ــ without sika ﻪﮑﺳ coin 

limit 

sikâłâ üﲀﺳ complaint 

sho- ﯚﺷ pres. stem of shitin 

sikirter ﺮåﺗﺮﮑﺳ secretary 

shokh خﯚـــﺷ graceful, beautiful; jokester; sim ﰟ hoof; ~kol-kirdin ندﺮــB لﯚــﮑــﲰ 

v.t. 

~ u shang ﮓــsﻪــﺷ و خﯚــﺷ 

beautiful, enchanting 

shon نﯚــﺷ trace; ~gîrî-kirdin v.t. to pursue, 

look for 

shoř-kirdin(awa) ﻩوﻪـــﻧدﺮـــB ڕﯚـــﺷ 

v.t. to let 

down, lower; mil ~-kirdin to bend the 

neck, submit; sar ~-kirdin to bow the 

head 

shorbâ رﯚﺷ soup, broth 

shorish شرﯚﺷ uprising, rebelion 

shu ﻮﺷ plow; ~-kirdin v.t. to plow 

shubât ت ﻮﺷ February 

shukir ﺮBﻮﺷ gratitude 

shurdin ندرﻮﺷ shur- رﻮﺷ v.t. to wash 

shû وﻮـﺷ husband; ~-kirdin v.t. to marry: 

khwayshkim shûy-kird my sister got 

married; ba ~ dân v.t. to marry (a 

girl) off: dagâtà taman i bashûdân 

she is reaching a marriageable age 

shûm موﻮﺷ ill-omened, gloomy 

227 

to stomp the hooves on the ground 

simt ﺖﲰ side 

sindûq قووﺪﻨ8ﺳ box 

sing ﮓﻨ8ﺳ stake, peg 

sinif ﻒﻨ8ﺳ class 

sinoq قﯚﻨ8ﺳ, sinûq قوﻮﻨ8ﺳ chest, trunk 

sinûr روﻮﻨ8ﺳ boundary, border 

sip ﭗـﺳ perfect; غﺎ ـﺳ 

و ﭗـﺳ 

~ u sâgh hail 

and hearty 

sipâ ﺎﭙ8ﺳ army 

sipła ﻪkﭙ8ﺳ unfaithful; ~î infidelity 

siraw|ân ناوﻩﴎ sirawe- ێوﻩﴎ v.i. to 

become calm, be at rest 

sirawândin نﺪــﻧاوﻩﺮــﻬــﺳ sirawen- ﻦــ§ 

وﻩﴎ 

v.t. to make calm; to strike; kho-~ la 

to hit against, collide with 

sirinj ﱋﴎ = sarinj 

siřînawa ﻩو ﻪﻨﯾgﺳ v.t. to wipe clean 

sirkândin نﺪـــﻧﰷﴎ sirken- ﻦــــــ å ﮐﴎ 

v.t. to 

mutter

sirta ﻪﺗﴎ whisper 

sirtândin ــــﻧcﴎ 

نﺪ sirten- ــــåــــﴎﺗ whisper 

sirusht ﺖﺷوﴎ nature 

sirûd دووﴎ anthem 

ـــ ــــــ 

disappeared without a trace 

sorâkh خارﯚﺳ = sorâgh 

spâ ﺎﭙ8ﺳ = sipâ 

spârdin ندرﺎﭙ8ﺳ sper- ﺮåﭙ8ﺳ v.t. to entrust 


ﻦ v.t. to 

ten, to bleach 

suâlkar ر ﻪﮑ¢اﻮﺳ beggar 

suja ﻪêﻮﺳ = sija 

suk کﻮﺳ = sok 

sułtân نﺎﺘTﻮﺳ sultan, ruler 

supâ ﺎﭘﻮﺳ army 

supâs سﺎﭘﻮﺳ = spâs 

surâkh خارﻮﺳ = sorâgh 

surisht ﺖﺷرﻮﺳ = sirusht 

sûch چوﻮﺳ corner 

sirwa ﻩوﴎ breeze 

sitam مﻪـﺘ8ﺳ ــ bad, grievous: châkbûnaway 

zor ~a prospects for his recovery are 

very slim 

sitândin نﺪـﻧﺎـﺘ8ﺳ ــ siten- ﻦـåﺘ8ﺳ ـ ــ v.t. to get, 

take, buy; hał-~ to flush (animals) out 

of their holes, lairs, &c. 

siyâs|at تﻪـــﺳﺎـــﻴــــــ 8 ﺳ politics; ~atmadâr 

راد ﻪﲤﻪﺳﺎﻴ8ﺳ 

politician; ~î ﳻﺎﻴ8ﺳ political 

Siyâwish شوﺎـــﻴــــــ 8 ﺳ Siyawush, son of the 

sûd دوﻮﺳ profit, benefit 

Sûdâba ﻪـــــﺑادوﻮـــــﺳ Sudaba, wife of Kay- 

Kaus and step-mother of Siyawush 

sûk کوﻮـــــﺳ light in weight; deprecation, 

contempt: khałk ba sûkawa ley da- 

Iranian shah Kay-Kaus 

sîkatora ﻩرﯚﺗ ﻪﮑﻴ8ﺳ gizzard 

sîlâ ﻼـﻴ8ﺳ ــ hole; ~mîsh ﺶـõﻣ ـ ﻼـﻴ8ﺳ 

ــ mouseřwânîn 

the people were looking at 

him with contempt; ~-kirdin v.t. to 

lighten (a weight), thin out; to deprehole 

sîng ﮓûõﺳ breast 

sînî ﲎõﺳ tray 

sîs ﺲõﺳ withered; ~-bûn to wither 

słâw وÀــــــﺳ greetings; ~-kirdin la v.t. to 

cate 

sûr ( 1) 

روﻮــــــــﺳ 

red; ~-kirdin-awa v.t. to 

fry, saute; gul a ~ rose; châw ~kirdinawa 

la v.t. to glare at: kârakar 

châw’î le sûr kirdimawa the servant 

greet; ~-sandinawa v.t. to acknowl- glared at me; (2) insistent, deteredge 

a greeting: slâw’yân nasandînawa 

they did not acknowledge our 

greeting 

so ﯚﺳ doubt; be~ ﯚﺴåﺑ doubtless(ly) 

sok کﯚــــــﺳ light, lightweight: ~ u hâsân 

نﺎــﺳﺎــﻫو کﯚــﺳ 

easy: zhyân boy sok u hâmined; 

~ lasar determined to; ~âî 

ﰃاروﻮﺳ redness 

sûř ڕوﻮـــــــــــﺳ spin; ~-mân to spin: sarî ~ 

damene his head is spinning 

sûřân ناڕوﻮـــــﺳ sûře- ێڕوﻮـــــﺳ v.i. to turn 

around, to circle around; ~-awa to 

sân bû life was easy for him 

songa ﻪﮕsﯚﺳ reason; la ~ i because of 

sorâgh غارﯚـــﺳ trace; ~-kirdin v.t. to look 

walk about, stroll; hał-~ to spin, be 

moved; to evolve 

sûřândin نﺪــﻧاڕوﻮ ــﺳ 

sûřen- ﻦــ§ ڕوﻮــﺳ 

v.t. to 

for, search out; hâtinà ~ v.i. to come turn, spin; hał-~ to turn, spin, accom- 

after, to come looking for: hâtà sorâghim 

dâwâ i qarzaká’y kird he came 

looking for me to ask for his loan 

plish (a task) 

sûtân نcوﻮﺳ sûte- Ïوﻮﺳ v.i. to burn 

sûtândin نﺪــﻧcوﻮــﺳ sûten- ﻦــåــﺗوﻮــﺳ v.t. to 

back; ~ i … pirsîn la to ask (s.o.) the 

whereabouts of …; be~ غارﯚ ﺴ å ﺑ lost, 

burn 

sûzyân نpزوﻮﺳ sûz- زوﻮﺳ v.i./t. to burn 

swâłat ت ﻪTاﻮﺳ pottery 

swân ناﻮﺳ swe- ێﻮﺳ v.t. to rub 

swâr ــــــــﺳ 

راﻮ horseman, mounted; ~ i … 

spâs سﺎﭙ8ﺳ thanks; ~-kirdin v.t. to thank 

spî ﯽäـﭙ8ﺳ ــ white; ~-kirdinawa v.t. to whi- 

228 

bûn to get in, ride in/on (vehicle); ~ i 

… kirdin v.t. to mount on, let into (a 

vehicle): swâr i karèkyân kird they


put him on a donkey 

swe ێﻮـــــــﺳ longing, yearning, regret; ~- 

talafon نﯚﻓ vﻪﺗ 

telephone 

talasm ﰟvﻪـــــــﺗ talisman, magic spell; ~bûnawa 

to yearn for someone, to pine 

swend ﺪـــﻨـــlﻮـــﺳ oath; ~-khwârdin v.t. to 

take an oath, to swear: swend’im bo 

khwendin ba sar …dâ v.t. to cast a 

spell over 

talatal-chûn نوﻮــــﭼ لﻪــــﺗvﻪــــﺗ 

v.i. to walk 

dakhoy beytawa? do you swear to me 

you’ll come back? 

swenka ﻪﮑﻨlﻮﺳ dregs, swill 

Swîs ﺲßﻮﺳ Switzerland; ~î Swiss 

tabaq ق ﻪﺑﻪﺗ 

platter 

tadârak کﻩرادﻪـــــﺗ preparations; ~-kirdin 

very quietly 

talavizyon نﯚﯾﺰﭬ vﻪﺗ 

television 

tałâq قüﻪــــــــــــﺗ divorce; ~-dân v.t. to divorce: 

~’î dâwim he has divorced me 

talâr رﻻ ﻪﺗ hall, room in an upper story 

talîsm ﻢﺴõﻟ ﻪﺗ = talasm 

tam مﻪـــــــﺗ dust; mist, fog; puff on a ciga- 

v.t. to prepare: ~ i safar’im bo âmâda 

bikan let them prepare for me the parrette; 

~-rândin v.t. to bury 

taman نﻪـﻣﻪـﺗ age: la ~ i mindâlî i khoydâ 

aphernalia for a journey 

tafâwat ت ﻩوﺎﻓﻪﺗ 

difference 

tagara ﻩر ﻪﮔﻪﺗ 

wheel (of cart, carriage) 

tagbîr ﲑﺒﮔ ﻪﺗ plan, plot 

tak ک ﻪﺗ near, next to, opposite 

takân نﰷﻪــــﺗ motion; ~-dân v.t. to shake; 

~-khwârdin v.t. to move, budge: 

during one’s childhood 

tamara ﻩر ﻪﻣﻪﺗ 

hurly-burly 

tamâ ﺎـﻣﻪـﺗ desire, greed; ba ~ i ىﺎـﻣﻪـﺗ ﻪـﺑ 

desirous 

of; ~kâr رﰷòﻣ ﻪﺗ greedy 

tamâḥkâr رﲀﺣﺎﻣ ﻪﺗ = tamâkâr 

tamâko ﯚﮐòﻣ ﻪﺗ tobacco 

tamâshâ ﺎـﺷﺎـﻣﻪـﺗ spectacle; ~-kirdin v.t. to 

pyâwaká takân’î nakhwârd the man 

didn’t budge 

takândin نﺪـــﻧﰷﻪـــﺗ taken- ﻦـــåـــﮐﻪـــﺗ v.t. to 

shake; hał-~ ditto; râ-~ ditto 

takîn-awa la v ﻩوﻪﻨﻴBﻪﺗ 

v.i. to avoid 

takht ﺖــﺧﻪــﺗ smooth, flat; throne, bed; ~kirdin 

v.t. to flatten; ~ i zawî kirdin 

v.t. to flatten to the ground; to wipe 

out; ~ u tânj ﱋcوﺖــــــﺧﻪــــــﺗ throne and 

crown; la sar ~ dâ-nân v.t. to seat on 

the throne, to enthrone 

takhta ﻪــ µﺧﻪـﺗ 

board, slab; ~-bûn v.i. to be 

boarded shut: bâzâr ~ ya the market’s 

look at; to watch (a performance), to 

see (a sight); ~khâna ﻪﻧﺎLﺎﺷﺎﻣ ﻪﺗ theater 

tamâta ﻪﺗﺎﻣ ﻪﺗ tomato 

tambał ڵ ﻪmﻣﻪﺗ 

lazy 

tame âــــﻣﻪــــﺗ admonition; ~-kirdin to admonish, 

to instruct 

tamez ﺰåﻣ ﻪﺗ clean 

tammûz زوﻮﳑ ﻪﺗ July 

tan ن ﻪﺗ body; ~drust ﺖﺳورﺪﻧ ﻪﺗ healthy 

tanaka ﻪﮐ ﻪﻧﻪﺗ 

tin, tin can 

tanâf فá ﻪﺗ rope 

tanâna(t) ( ت) 

ﻪﻧáﻪﺗ 

especially 

tandûr رووﺪـﻧﻪـﺗ oven; ~-dâ-khistin v.t. to 

boarded shut; ~-kirdin v.t. to board 

up: dukânakáy ~ kirâwa his shop has 

been boarded up; ~rash شﻩرﻪــــــــــ 

µ ﺧﻪـــــﺗ 

blackboard 

ta’kîd ﺪــ; ــﮑــCﻪــﺗ affirmation; ~-kirdinawa 

lasar to reaffirm 

takûz زوﻮــــBﻪــــﺗ ordered, organized; ~î ﻪــــﺗ 

ىزوﻮB orderliness, organization 

tała ﻪـTﻪـﺗ trap, snare; ~-nânawa v.t. to lay 

a trap 

tałaba ﻪﺑ ﻪTﻪﺗ 

student 

light an oven 

tang ﮓـsﻪـﺗ tight, narrow; saddle strap; ba 

~ …awa bûn v.i. to belong to, to be 

encompassed by; ~atâw وcﻪـﮕs ـﻪـﺗ 

hectic 

pressure; ~atâw-nân نá وcﻪــﮕــs 

ﻪــﺗ 

v.t. to 

put pressure on; ~âna ﻪــﻧﺎــﮕــsﻪــﺗ narrow 

pass, strait; dire straits; ~âw وﺎــــﮕــــsﻪــــﺗ 

under pressure, in dire straits; ~dast 

ﺖـﺳﻩﺪـﮕs ـﻪـﺗ 

poor; ~ u chałama ﻪـTﻪـ 

وﮓـsﻪـﺗ 

ﻪﻣ difficulty 

tanhâ ﺎﳖ ﻪﺗ only; alone; ~î loneliness 

229

tanîsht ﺖﺸõﻧ ﻪﺗ beside, next to 

tankhwâ اﻮــــﳔﻪــــﺗ commercial goods; investment 

capital 

tanyâ ﺎــﻴــﻧﻪــﺗ alone, only; following a neg. 

clause, tanyâ…nabe nothing/nobody 

but: kasim niya, tanyâ dâyk a pîrèk 

house they had set aside for him 

tarkhun نﻮﺧر ﻪﺗ tarragon 

tarm مر ﻪﺗ body, corpse 

tarsa ﻪﺳر ﻪﺗ reversed, upside down 

tarza ﻩزر ﻪﺗ hail 

tashanâ-kirdin ندﺮـB áﻪـﺷﻪـﺗ 

v.t. to heal, to 

nabe I have no one but an old mother; 

kam yân zor roysht kasèk nâzâne 

tanyâ Khwâ nabe how far he went 

only God knows; ~î ﱙﺎــــــــ ﻴ ﻧﻪــــﺗ 

solitude, 

loneliness; ~bâł ڵ ﺎﻴﻧ ﻪﺗ alone, forlorn 

tapândin نﺪـﻧﺎـﭘﻪـﺗ tapen- ﻦــ åﭘﻪـﺗ 

v.t. to stuff, 

cram; to kick, beat with the hands 

tapîn ﲔﭘ ﻪﺗ v.i. to collapse 

tapsî ﴗÈ ﻪﺗ plate 

taqa ﻪــﻗﻪــﺗ thump, thud, sound of a heavy 

thing falling 

taqał ڵﻪـــﻗﻪـــﺗ stitch; ~-dân v.t. to stitch; ~ 

heal over 

tashrîn ﻦ ــﴍa 

ﻪــﺗ: 

~ i yekam مﻪــﻛﻪــﯾ 

ﲎــﴍﯾ 

ﻪــﺗ 

October; ~ i dûham مﻪـﻫوود ﲎـﴍﯾ 

ﻪـﺗ 

November 

task ﮏﺳ ﻪﺗ narrow 

tawakul لﻮB ﻩوﻪﺗ 

trust in God 

tawar ر ﻩوﻪﺗ 

aim 

tawâfat ت ﻪﻓاوﻪﺗ 

= tafâwat 

tawâfiq ﻖﻓاو ﻪﺗ agreement, co-operation 

tawâncha ﻪ#او ﻪﺗ pistol 

tawândin نﺪﻧاو ﻪﺗ tawen- ﻦ§و ﻪﺗ v.t. to fold 

tawâw واوﻪـــــــﺗ complete; ~-bûn v.i. to be 

le-dân v.t. to stitch; ~ hał-dân la to finished; ~-kirdin v.t. to finish; ba ~î 

take a stitch in 

taqâlâ ﻻﺎــﻗﻪــﺗ attempt; ~-kirdin v.t. to try, 

attempt 

taq|în ﲔـﻗﻪـﺗ v.i. to burst; ~înawa ba ﻪـــ 

ﻨ;ﻗﻪـﺗ 

ﻪـﺑ ﻩو to break out in, burst out into; ~amanî 

ﱏ ﻪﻣﻪﻗﻪﺗ 

explosive material 

tař ڕﻪـﺗ moist, wet; nice; ~dam مﻩدڕﻪـﺗ eloquent; 

~dast ﺖﺳ ﻩدڕﻪﺗ 

expert, dextrous 

tara ﻩر ﻪﺗ in exile 

taraqî ﰵﻩرﻪــــــــــﺗ advancement, progress; 

~khwâz زاﻮــﺨ ــ; ــﻗﻩرﻪــﺗ 

progressive: koř i 

completely 

tawizhm مژو ﻪﺗ pressure 

tawq قوﻪــﺗ ring; ~ a sar رﻪــﺳﻪــﻗوﻪــﺗ top of 

the head: ba ~ i sarîawa on top of his 

head 

taws سو ﻪﺗ taunt 

tay ی ﻪﺗ tame, trained 

tay-kirdin ندﺮB یﻪﺗ 

v.t. to traverse 

tayâr رp ﻪﺗ ready 

tayâra ﻩرp ﻪﺗ airplane 

tâ 

yekiyatî u taraqîkhwâzî i kurd Society 

for the Unity and Advancement of 

Kurds 

tarât(en) تارﻪــــﺗ ،ﻦــــــــ 

å ﺗارﻪــــﺗ 

prancing of a 

horse up and down the field 

tarâten i ﲎåﺗار ﻪﺗ all around (prep) 

tareq ﻖlر ﻪﺗ = tarîq 

tarfana ﻪﻧ ﻪﻓرﻪﺗ 

lost 

tarîq ﻖﯾر ﻪﺗ shy; ~î shyness 

tarkhân نﺎـــLرﻪـــﺗ special, devoted (ba/bo 

to); exempt from taxes and imposts; 

~-kirdin bo v.t. to give someone exclusive 

use of something: îtir la nâw 

aw khânûá bo’yân tarkhân kirdibû, 

nadagunjâ he no longer fit in the 


( 1) 

c to, up to: l’ erawa tâ awe from 

here to there; (2) by the time: tâ min 

gayshtim namâ by the time I arrived 

he wasn’t there any longer; (3) until 

(conj. + neg. subj.): tâ nayey, nâyem I 

won’t come until you do; until (introducing 

final clause + indicative) min 

l’ era bot dâdanem tâ deytawa I’ll put 

it here for you until you come back; 

(4) (prep.) until tâ sa’ât i penj châwařwânit 

dakam I’ll wait for you until 

five o’clock; (5) the longer, to keep on 

(getting …er): ~ dahât as time went 

by, the longer (a situation pertained): 

tâ dahât, girântir dabû as time went 

by, the heavier it got; tâ de, rangî 

230


zard u lâwâz dabe he keeps on getting 

paler and thinner; ~kû وﻮــــBc so that, in 

order that (+ subj.) 

tâ 2 c fever 

tâ 3 c fold; ~-kirdin v.t. to fold: kâghazaká 

tâ bika fold the paper 

tâj جc crown 

tâk کc sole, solitary, alone; ~-u-tanyâ 

ﺎــ ﻴﻧﻪـﺗوکc 

all by oneself; ~-u-tarâ(k) کc 

( ک) 

ارﻪﺗو 

miscellaneous 

tâkû وﻮ ــــBc 

(+ subj.) in order that; (prep.) 

until: ~ estâ until now 

tâł ڵc bitter 

tâłân نüc plunder; ~-kirdin 

pillage, plunder 

v.t. to 

tâm مc taste; ~-kirdin v.t. to taste 

tâmazro ۆرز ﻪـــﻣc, 

tâmâzro ۆرزﺎـــﻣc eager, 

craving; ~î ﰃ ۆرزﻪﻣc 

eagerness, craving 

tân نc warp (weaving) 

tâna ﻪﻧc taunt; ~ le-dân v.t. to taunt 

tânj ﱋc = tâj 

tânjî ﯽﳒc hunting dog 

tânût توﻮﻧc taunt, abuse 

tâpo ﯚﭘc ghost, apparition 

tâq قc sole, only: ~ a kuřèkî dabe he 

has only one son; odd, not even 

tâqat ﻪـﻗc 

تﻪـﻗﺎ anxious, 

ت energy; be~ ـµåﺑ ـ ـ 

sad 

tâqâna ﻪﻧﺎﻗc only child 

tâqim ﰴc group 

tâqî ﰵc test, trial; ~-kirdinawa v.t. to 

try, to test 

Târân نارc Tehran 

târândin نﺪــﻧارc târen- ﻦــ§ رc v.t. to drive 

away forever 

târîf ﻒــﯾرc description: la ~ nâye it can’t 

be described, it is beyond description 

târîk ﮏaرc dark 

târîkh ﱗرc history 

tâsân نﺎــــﺳc tâse- âــــﺳc v.i. to choke, be 

strangled; ~din نﺪـﻧﺎـﺳc tâsen- ﻦــ åﺳc 

v.t. 

to choke, strangle 

tâsh شc big slab of rock; ~abard ﻪــﺑﻪــﺷc 

در ditto 

tâshîn ﲔﺷc tâsh- شc v.t. to shave 

231 

tâw 1 وc period of time; ~è(k) ــ§ 

وc 

ﮏ for a 

while; 

tâw 2 وc (1) heat, burning, fever, longing, 

grieving: la ~ i dûrî i kuřakáy har 

dû châwî kwer bûbû both his eyes had 

gone blind from grieving over separation 

from his son; (2) downpour (of 

rain): ~ i bârân nabiřrâyawa the 

downpour has not ceased; (3) turn, 

charge, gallop; ~-dân v.t. to make (a 

horse) gallop; ~-girtin v.t. to work 

assiduously; ~-kirdin v.t. to trick s.o. 

into believing; ~ sandin v.t. for heat 

to become intense 

tâwân 1 ناوc reward; fault, guilt, crime; 

~bâr رﺎ اوc blameworthy, guilty; 

ـــــــﺒـــــــﻧ ~bâr-kirdin v.t. to blame; ~ rekkhistin 

v.t. to accuse falsely 

tâwân 2 ناوc tâwe- ێوc v.i. to melt; ~din 

نﺪﻧاوc tâwen- ﻦ§وc v.t. to melt 

tâwił ڵوc tent 

tâwistân نﺎﺘ8ﺳوc summer 

tâwlama ﻪـــﻣvوc wire basket spun to heat 

charcoal 

tâwtwe-kirân ناﺮB ێﻮﺗوc v.i. to suffer 

tâybat تﻪــﺒــﯾc personal, special, devoted 

(ba to); ba ~î ﰏﻪـــــﺒـــــﯾcﻪـــــﺑ especially; 

~mandî یﺪﻧ ﻪﲤﻪﺒlc 

characteristic 

tâza ﻩزc new, fresh; ~lâw وﻻﻩزc adoles- 

cent 

tâzhân ناژc whip, lash 

tâzhî یژc hunting dog 

tâzî یزc Arabic 

tâziyâna ﻪﻧpزc whip 

te Ï see da; ~-birdin (v.t., = birdin da) 

to put something inside something 

else; ~-chûn (v.i., = chûn da) to suffer 

loss; to cost a lot: mâlakám zorî te 

chûwa my house has cost me a lot; ~gayândin 

v.t. to make understand, 

explain to: hâl u masala’y te gayândim 

he explained the situation to me; 

~-gayshtin v.i. to understand; ~-girtin 

v.t. to take aim at: bardî te bigra aim 

at the rock; ~-gîrân v.i. to tangle; ~-

kishân v.t. to pass quickly: b’ era dâ 

hât u tekishâ he came there and 

quickly passed by; ~-kirdin v.t. = 

kirdin da to pour onto: âwî te ka pour 

some water on it; to make ready: sabîl 

te ka get the pipe ready; ~-mân v.i. to 

be bewildered 

te- Ï cmpd. vb. agent; see te-gayshtin, 

te hał-chûn, te-kutân 

tebar ﻪــmــåــﺗ 

tebînî ﲎ;“ ﺗ observation 

tek ــﺗ 

tekał ﮑ ﺗ 

te-koshân ﮑ ﺗ 

tekrâ ﮑ ﺗ 

tepar ‹ å ﺗ 

ter 1 åﺗ 


ing had enough sleep; ~-khwârdin la 

to eat one’s fill of 

ter 2 ﺮåﺗ large saddlebag 

teshu ﻮـــﺸـــåـــﺗ pile, heap; ~-kirdin v.t. to 

make a pile; to have breakfast 

teska ﻪﮑﺴåﺗ = tîshk 

tif ﻒــــــﺗ spit; ~-kirdin v.t. to spit; ~-kirdinawa 

v.t. to spit out; ~ân نﺎـــﻔـــﺗ tife- 

âــ ﻔﺗ v.i. to spit; ~ânà dam yek ﻪـﯾ 

مﻩد 

ﻪـﻧﺎــ 

ﻔﺗ 

ر lit, burning; ~-bûn v.i. to be 

lit (fire), to burn; ~-dân v.t. to light 

ک to plot, conspire 

tifang ﮓـsﻪـﻔﺗ ـ rifle, shotgun; ~-hâwîshtin 

(fire): âgirî tebar dâ he lit a fire; to set 

a dog on 

v.t. to fire a rifle 

tikândin نﺪــﻧﲀــé tiken- ﻦــــ å ﮑــé v.t. to drip, 

ﮏ together; ~-bar-bûn v.i. to fight; 

~-birdin v.t. to throw things together; 

~-chûn v.i. to change, lose one’s composure, 

to get mixed up; ~-chûn la to 

cause to drip; âbřû-~ to dishonor: 

âbřû’y tikândim he dishonored me 

tifâq قﺎﻔﺗ provisions 

tift ﺖﻔﺗ mouth-puckeringly sweet 

tikheł « ــ ــﲣ 

stretched out on the ground, 

be mistaken, be the wrong person: 

lem tek chûy I thought you were 

prone, prostrate 

tikhun نﻮــــــــﲣ near; ~ i ... kawtin to get 

someone else; ~-chûn lagał to dis- near: tikhun i âgir nakawî you 

agree with; ~-dân v.t. to spoil, mix 

up; ~-hał-dân v.t. to kick; to lock 

shouldn’t get near the fire 

tiłakân نﰷﻪـkﺗ ـ tiłake- âـﮐﻪـkﺗ ـ v.i. to be sha- 

horns; ~-khirân v.p. to get tied token; râ-~ to be shaken up (as liquid in 

gether; ~-khistin v.t. to tie together; a bottle); râ-tiłakândin tiłaken- v.t. 

~-kirdinawa v.t. to break someone’s 

bones in a fight: lashyân hamû tek 

kirdawa they beat him to a pulp; ~shikân 

v.i. to collapse 

ڵﻪــــ ــــ ــــ with, along with; bo ~ ba 

together with; ~-pekał all mixed up, 

jumbled; ~-dân v.t. to stir: shîraká 

tekał da stir the milk; dast ~-kirdin 

to shake up 

tiłaqân نﺎﻗ ﻪkﺗ = tiłakân 

tilân نﻼـــﺗ tile- âـــﻠـــﺗ v.i. to toss and turn; 

~dinawa ﻩوﻪـﻧﺪـﻧﻼـﺗ v.t. to toss; to juggle; 

to deal (ba with) 

tilîs ﺲـــõـــﻠـــﺗ drenched, sopping wet; ~ân 

نﺎـﺴõﻠﺗ ـــ tilîse- âـﺴõﻠﺗ ـــ v.i. to get drenched; 

~ândin نﺪـﻧﺎـﺴõﻠﺗ ـ ـ ـ tilîsen- ﻦـåﺴõﻠﺗ ـ ـ ـ ـ v.t. to 

lagał v.t. to have carnal relations with: 

damawe lagałim rek bikawî u dast’im 

wet 

tiłîsh ﺶـــــــــ õ k ﺗ ripped, torn: kirâsakám ~ ~ 

lagał tekał bikay I want you to lie bû my shirt was ripped to shreds; ~- 

with me and have sex with me 

نﺎــﺷﯚــ ــ ــ -koshe- âــﺷﯚــﮑــ ــﺗ 

to 

strive, to struggle 

اﺮــ ــ ــ altogether; ba ~î in general, 

generally 

ر ﻪــ 

ــ ــ: 

~-bûn ba sar …dâ v.i. (for 

time) to pass after …; ~-kirdin la v.t. 

birdin v.t. to split: dâr tilîshî bird the 

tree split; ~ân نﺎـﺸõkﺗ ـــ tilîshe- âـﺸõkﺗ ـــ v.i. 

to split; ~ândin نﺪـﻧﺎـﺸõkﺗ ـــ tilîshen- ﻦــ 

åﺸõkﺗ ـــ 

v.t. to split 

tilyâk کﺎﻴﻠﺗ = tiryâk 

tiłyân نﺎﻴkﺗ tiłe- âkﺗ v.t. to leave, allow 

tir ﺮــé other; hîch i ~ nothing else: nama- 

to exceed, surpass 

ﺮـ ـ full, satiated; ~khaw وﻪـLﺮـåﺗ ـ havtwânî 

hîch i tir bikam I couldn’t have 

done anything else; yek~ each other 

232


tirâzân نازاﺮـــــــــé v.i. to go to pieces; ~ la pe dakan he thought they were mak- 

shwen kho to be unrecognizable 

tire ێﺮé grapes 

tiřo-kirdin ندﺮــــB ۆgــــé 

v.t. to disgrace, to 

ing fun of him 

tîz-kirdin ba ﻪــﺑ ندﺮــB 

ﲒــﺗ 

v.t. to make fun 

of; ~-kirdin ba ...awa v.t. to poke, 

drive away in disgrace 

tirpa sound ﻪـﭘﺮـé of a footfall; ~ i pe ىﻪـﭘﺮـé 

âäﭘ footstep 

tirs سﺮé fear 

tirsân نﺎــــﺳﺮــــé tirse- âــــﺳﺮــــé la v.i. to be 

afraid of, fear 

tirsândin نﺪــﻧﺎــﺳﺮــé tirsen- ﻦــåــﺳﺮــé v.t. to 

scare; tirsenar رﻪـــûــــــ å ﺳﺮـــé 

frightening, 

poke fun at 

tîzh ـــﺗ sharp, hot, spicy; fast, quick; insistent 

tkâ ﲀـــــé request; ~-kirdin v.t. to request, 

beg: tkâ akam please 

to ﯚﺗ you (sing.) 

tobra ﻩﺮñﯚﺗ sack 

tof فﯚــﺗ blizzard; ~ân نﺎــﻓﯚــﺗ blizzard, del- 

scary 

tirsh شﺮـــــــــــــé bitter; khoshit be u ~it be 

whether you like it or not 

tiryâk کpﺮـé opium; ~kesh ﺶــ åﮐکpﺮـé 

opium 

smoker; ~î ﰽpﺮé opium addict 

tis ﺲـــE fart (noiseless); ~-dân v.t. to fart; 

~in ﻦــــﺴــــE farter, “old fart,” idler; ~în 

ﲔﺴE v.i. to fart 

tizân ناﺰـé tize- ێﺰـé v.i. to collect (liquid), 

well up: dastim khwenî te tizâwa 

uge 

tok کﯚﺗ tree bark 

toła ﻪـTﯚـﺗ revenge; ~ i … kirdinawa v.t. to 

take revenge for: biřyâr’yân dâ toła i 

am âbřûchûnáyân bikanawa they decided 

to take revenge for this outrage 

against their dignity 

tom(a) مﯚـــــــﺗ ،ﻪـــــــﻣﯚـــــــﺗ 

seed, grain; tomwashândin 

v.t. to sow, scatter seed 

tomâr رﺎــﻣﯚــﺗ record, document; ~-kirdin 

blood has collected in my hand; firmesk 

la châwim tizâ tears welled up 

in my eyes 

tîgh ﻎﻴﺗ blade 

tîka ﻪﮑﻴﺗ bit, piece 

tîmâr-kirdin ندﺮــB ر7ــﺗ 

v.t. to care for the 

ill 

tîn ﲔـــﺗ power, force; ba ~awa powerfully; 

be~ ﲔn ﺑ powerless, weak 

tîn|û وﻮـــ ûõﺗ thirsty: ~ma I’m thirsty; ~wetî 

ﱴlﻮûõﺗ thirst 

tîp ﭗõﺗ group, contingent; team 

tîr ﲑﺗ arrow 

tîra ﻩﲑــﺗ clan, family branch, subdivision 

of a hoz 

tîsha ﻪــﺸــــ õ ﺗ sprout; ~biř gــñﻪــﺸــــ õ ﺗ frost that 

kills young sprouts 

tîshk ﮏﺸõﺗ ray 

tîsk ﮏـــــﺴـــــõـــــﺗ clump of hair; bunch of 

v.t. to record 

top پﯚــــﺗ ball; big lie; ~al لﺎــــﭘﯚــــﺗ round; 

~chî ﯽﭽﭘﯚﺗ cannoneer; liar 

topîn ﲔـﭘﯚـﺗ top- پﯚـﺗ v.i. to die (of an animal); 

hał-~ to drop dead 

toplâkh خﻼـﭘﯚـﺗ piled up; ~a-kirdin ﻪـLﻼـﭘﯚـ 

ﺗ 

ندﺮـــــB v.t. to pile up: payn u qur ba sar 

yekâ toplâkhay kirdûa he’s piled up 

dung and mud on top of each other 

toq قﯚــــــﺗ top: bardèkî la ~ i sarim dâ he 

threw a stone on top of my head 

toqał ڵﻪـﻗﯚـﺗ patch: ~ a tûtiřikèk a patch of 

wild strawberries 

tow وﯚﺗ = tom; ~ i mirîshik egg 

toz زﯚـــﺗ dust; ~-kirdin v.t. to stir up dust; 

~e ێزﯚﺗ , ~èk ﮏ§زﯚﺗ a little bit 

tozhar ر ﻩژﯚﺗ researcher, investigator 

trâzân نازاﺮــــــé trâze ێزاﺮــــــé v.i. to go to 

pieces, fall apart; kâr la kâr ~ to be 

grapes; long-haired: mařèk i ~ longhaired 

sheep 

tîtâł ڵﺎــــــ µ õ ﺗ joke; ~-kirdin ba v.t. to make 

fun of, play a joke on: pey wâ bû tîtâlî 

all over 

trîkândin نﺪــﻧﲀــﺮa ــé 

trîken- ﻦــــ å ﮑــaﺮــ é v.t. to 

scream 

trîqânawa ﻩوﻪـﻧﺎــ ﻘﯾﺮـé 

trîqe- âــ ﻘﯾﺮـé 

v.i. to guf- 

233

faw, laugh out loud 

trîshqa ﻪﻘﺸßﺮé lightning 

tropîn ﲔﭘۆﺮé v.i. = topîn 

trombel ﻞ mﻣۆﺮé = trumbîl 

trumbîl ﻞﻴmﻣوﺮé automobile 

trushkân نﲀـﺷوﺮـ é trushke- âـﮑﺷ ـ وﺮـé 

v.i. to 

squat; hał-~ to squat down 

trûkân نﰷووﺮـé trûke- âـﮐووﺮـé v.i. to blink: 

la châw trûkânèk’dâ in the twinkling 

of an eye; ~din نﺪـــــــﻧﰷووﺮـــــــé trûken- 

ﻦåﮐووﺮé v.t. to blink 

trûsk ﮏـﺳووﺮـé shine, gleam; ~a ﻪـﮑﺳ 

ـ ووﺮـé 

glimmer, gleam; ~âî ﰃﲀـــــﺳووﺮـــــé faint 

glimmer; ~ân نﲀـﺳووﺮـé trûske- âـﮐووﺮـé 

v.i. to shine, to gleam 

tułân-awa ﻩوﻪـــــﻧüﻮـــــﺗ v.i. to fall to pieces 

(from being cooked too much): goshtaká 

hend kulîwa tulâwatawa the 

meat has been so overcooked it’s 

fallen to pieces 

tumaz زر ﻪﻣﻮﺗ wouldn’t you know? 

tumâr رﺎﻣﻮﺗ = tomâr 

tund ﺪــﻮﻧ ــﺗ 

tight; fast, swift; hot, spicy; ~kirdin 

v.t. to hold tight, to make fast 

turben ﻦåﺑرﻮﺗ bag, sack 

turkmân نﲈﮐرﻮﺗ Turcoman 

tursh شرﻮـــــﺗ sour; ~ândin نﺪـــــﻧﺎـــــﺷرﻮـــــﺗ 

turshen- ﻦåﺷرﻮﺗ v.t. to make sour 

tutin ﻦéﻮﺗ tobacco 

tûk کوﻮـﺗ hair; ~asar رﻪـﺳﻪـﮐوﻮـ ﺗ hair on the 

head 

tûla vوﻮﺗ a small hunting dog 

tûřa ﻩڕوﻮــــﺗ angry, mad; ~î ﱙﻩڕوﻮــــﺗ anger: 

ba tûřaîawa rû’y le kirdim he turned 

away from me in anger 

tûraka ﻪﮐ ﻩروﻮﺗ sack, bag 

Tûrân ناروﻮـــــــــــــــﺗ Turan, the traditional 

Transoxanian enemy of Iran 

tûsh 1 شوﻮـﺗ meeting, involved; ~-bûn v.i. 

to meet, come across: dwene la shaqâm’dâ 

tûshî bûm I met him in the 

street yesterday; ~-kirdin v.t. to get 

someone involved: to tûshit kirdim 

you got me involved 

tûsh 2 ness of character; ~-kirdin v.t. imprs. 

to be cold and rainy (of the weather): 

hawâkay tûsh kird the weather turned 

bad; ~î ﳽوﻮﺗ bad weather 

tûtiřik کgéوﻮﺗ wild strawberry 

twân ناﻮـــﺗ twe- ێﻮـــﺗ v.t. to want; ~awa = 

tâwân 

twânâ áاﻮـــــــﺗ ability: hargiz la twânâm’â 

niya it will never be within my ability, 

ba pe i ~ inasfar as possible 

twânîn ﲔـﻧاﻮـﺗ twân- ناﻮـﺗ v.t. to be able (+ 

subj) 

twânj ﱋاﻮـﺗ disapprobation; ~-girtin da to 

find fault with 

twâshâ-kirdin ندﺮ ــــB 

ﺎــــﺷاﻮــــﺗ 

= tamâshâkirdin 

twe-kirdin ندﺮــB ێﻮــﺗ 

v.t. to rip to shreds: 

bulbul ka garm i naghmaya âgir dakâtawa 

/ khuncha hazîna, jarg u dilî 

bo dakâ twe (Nâlî) the nightingale, 

hot with song, bursts into flame; the 

bud is saddened and rips her heart to 

shreds for him 

tweł «lﻮﺗ forehead 

tyâ ﺎ ــﻴــﺗ = tey(d)â in it; ~-birdin v.t. to do 

away with, to eliminate; ~-chûn v.i. to 

go away, disappear; ~ râ-mândin v.i. 

to be perplexed, confused; to ponder 

tyâtro ۆﺮــéﺎــﻴــﺗ theater; ~khâna ﻪــﻧﺎــLۆﺮــéﺎــﻴــﺗ 

theater 

u و and 

umed ﺪــ ¥ﻣﻮـﺋ 

hope; nâ~ ﺪــ ¥ﻣﻮـﺋá 

desperate, in 

despair 

urûpâ ﺎﭘوورﻮl Europe 

utrumbîl ﻞﻴmﻣوﺮéﻮﺋ automobile 

wa 

شوﻮـــــــﺗ cold, rainy weather; mean- 

1 ﻩو = ba: wakhabar = bakhabar, wa 

re = ba re; wadast = ba dast 

wa 2 SORANI KURDISH 

ﻩو and 

wach چ ﻩو offshoot, offspring 

wa‘d ﺪـــــ`ﻩو promise; ~-dân v.t. to promise 

wadast ﺖﺳ ﻩدﻩو 

= ba dast 

wafât تﺎﻓ ﻩو death; ~-kirdin v.t. to die 

234


wafd ﺪﻓ ﻩو delegation 

wajâkh خﺎـــــــــêﻩو male offspring; ~kwer 

ﺮ§ﻮB خﺎêﻩو 

childless 

wak کﻩو like; ~ yek alike, all the same; 

shaken out: jilakát dâwashâ your 

clothes have been shaken out; râ-~ to 

be shaken; to waste away (from illness): 

lashî dâwashâwa his body has 

~î ka on the other hand 

wakht ﺖــــــــﺧﻩو time: l’ aw ~á’dâ at that 

wasted away; ~-awa la to be suitable 

for, proper for: am kârá la to nâwa- 

time; ~ bû, ~â bû nearly, almost (+ shetawa this is not suitable for you, 

subj.) wakht bû bizîqene he almost am jilá la to dawashetawa these 

screamed; wakht-a la birsân bimirim 

I’m about to die of hunger; ~ basar 

clothes suit you 

washândin نﺪـﻧﺎـﺷﻩو washen- ﻦــ åﺷﻩو 

v.t. to 

birdin ba v.t. to while away time by; 

~î ﱴﺧ ﻩو temporary 

wakû وﻮـBﻩو as though (+ subj.): ~ shitèk’î 

shake, scatter; dâ-~ to bend down and 

shake: dârèkî bo dâwashând barî nakawt 

he bent down a tree and shook it 

bîr kawtibetawa as though he remem- but the fruit didn’t fall; hał-~ to rip 

bered something 

wałâm مüﻩو answer, response; ~-dân v.t. 

to answer 

waqt ﺖﻗ ﻩو = wakht 

wára ﻩرﻩو come!, come on! (impt. sing. 

open, rip apart; râ-~ to shake violently 

washârtû وﻮﺗرﺎﺷ ﻩو hidden 

wastâ ﺎﺘ8ﺳ ﻩو master, professor 

wassân نﺎــــــــــــــﺳﻩو wass- س ﻩو = wastân 

of hâtin) 

warân نارﻩو v.i. to fall; to writhe; hał-~ 

wastwastân 

نﺎــﺘــــ 8 ﺳﻩو 

wast- ﺖ ــﺳﻩو 

(v.i., pres. 

to fall down 

wargeř gـــåـــﮔرﻩو translator; ~ân ناgـــåـــﮔرﻩو 

tense often contracted to dast- for 

dawast-) to stand, stop; ~ la to be 

translation 

war-geřân ناgــــــــ å ﮔرﻩو 

v.t. to translate; ~à 

tired of: wastâwim la kâr I’m tired of 

working; ~awa la to confront: ley 

sar ... to translate into: am ktebáy wastâmawa shaqèkim te hałdâ I con- 

wargeřâyà sar fârsî he translated this fronted him and gave him a kick; hałbook 

into Persian; ba pishtè ~ to ~ to get up, stand up; ba pe i … hał-~ 

knock (s.o.) over on his back, to to carry out, execute; râ-~ to stand up, 

knock down 

wárin نرﻩو come!, come on! (impt. pl. 

stop, stay 

wastândin نﺪـﻧﺎـﺘ8ﺳ ــ ﻩو wasten- ﻦــ åﺘ8ﺳ ــ ﻩو v.t. 

of hâtin) 

wařis(t) ﺖﺳڕ ﻩو fed up, exasperated 

wařîn ﻦـــڕa ﻩو v.i. to bark: sa i hîch darkèk 

to stop; (2) to tire out; (3) to take 

back, to get back: dabe aw qarzáy le 

wastenim I have to get that loan back 

pet nâwaře “you’re a stranger at no 

door”; hał-~ = hał-warân 

wařs سڕ ﻩو bored 

warz زرﻩو tall (= barz); season of planting 

and harvesting 

warza ﻩزر ﻩو height, promontory, hill 

warzish شزر ﻩو sports, exercise 

waset ﺖــåــﺳﻩو will and testament; ~-kirdin 

v.t. to make one’s last will 

washân نﺎـــــﺷﻩو washe- âـــــﺷﻩو v.i. to be 

from him 

wawî یو ﻩو bride, daughter-in-law 

waz ز ﻩو down 

waz‘ عز ﻩو situation 

wazândin نﺪـﻧازﻩو wazen- ﻦـ§ زﻩو 

v.t.: dâ-~ 

to let out/off (of vehicle) 

wazârat تﻩرازﻩو ministry: ~ i darawa 

ministry of the interior 

wazin نز ﻩو pain, hurt, annoyance 

wazîn ﻦــــزa ﻩو v.i. to blow (wind); dâ-~ to 

shaken, to be scattered; dâ-~ to be get out/off (of a vehicle), to come 

235


down; (2) to lose (game); hał-~ to 

jump up 

wazîr ﺮـــــــزa ﻩو vizier, minister: sarak ~ân 

prime minister 

wâ او thus 

wâda ﻩداو appointed time, usual time 

wâq قاو mind, brain: ~im wiř-mâ my 

ﮏ ﻧﺎ و after a short pause 

wiłâkh خüو beast of burden 

wiłâm مüو = walâm 

wiłât تüو country, state; homeland: ~ a 

yekgirtûakân i Amerikâ the United 

States of America 

win نو lost; ~-bûn v.i. to be lost; la 

châw ~-bûn v.i. to disappear from 

sight: tâ la châw win nabet until it 

disappears from view; ~-kirdin v.t. to 

lose 

wiř ڕو dizzy; ~-bûn/mân v.i. to spin, be 

dizzy; ~-kirdin v.t. to make dizzy 

brain spun 

wâqi‘ ﻊــــﻗاو actuality, reality: la ~ i zhyân 

zor ba dûrin they are far from the 

reality of life 

wârisht ﺖﺷراو raining 

wâta ﻪﺗاو i.e., that is to say 

wâz-henân la v نﺎـــﻨـــ 

ـــﻫ 

زاو v.t. to leave, 

abandon; to dissuade, persuade … not 

wirch چرو bear 

wird درو little, tiny; ~a ~a ﻩدرو ﻩدرو little 

to: zor hawl dadâ bâwkî l’ am kalkalá by little, slowly; ~-bûnawa v.i. to 

i zhin henâná wâzbene he is trying 

hard to dissuade his father from his 

wish to take a wife 

wâzha ﻩژاو word; ~gal لﻪـــــــﮔﻩژاو vocabulary 

we ێو lighted, afire: âgir weya the fire’s 

investigate, examine closely; ~ u 

khâsh-kirdin ندﺮـــــB شﺎـــــL 

و درو v.t. to 

crush, smash; ~akâr رﰷﻩدرو investigator; 

ordered, regular; ~akârî ﻩدرو 

یرﰷ investigation; order, regularity 

wiřena-kirdin ندﺮـB ﻪـﻨl 

ـڕو 

v.t. to talk non- 

lit; ~-kawtin v.t. to try: we kawa bizâna 

la kweya try to find out where it is; 

~-kirdin v.t. to light: âgiraká we ka 

sense, to talk in one’s sleep 

wirg گرو tripe 

wiřk کڕو childish begging, whining; ~- 

light the fire; ~-rizân v.t. to bother, 

annoy: wem darize dastim le bar nâdâ 

he annoys me constantly 

weł « ـــــــــlو 

loose, wandering, stray; misaimed, 

misfired; ~-bûn v.i. to search 

girtin la v.t. to pester 

wirm مرو destroyed, damaged 

wirsha ﻪــــــــــﺷرو brightness, glitter; ~dâr 

راد ﻪﺷرو bright, loud in color 

wiryâ pرو clever; observant: wiryây ba 

(ba dwâ i …dâ for); ~-kirdin v.t. to 

let go, turn loose, cease 

wena ﻪـــﻨـــlو picture, image; ~gir ﺮـــﮔﻪـــﻨـــlو 

photographer 

werâ i یاﺮ§و along with 

werân ناﺮ§و destroyed, ruined 

werân ناﺮـــ§ و were- ێﺮ ـــ§ 

و (v.t. + subj.) to 

observe it carefully 

wirûzhân ناژوورو v.i. to be excited (of a 

flock, crowd) 

wis-bûn نوﻮــــﺑ سو v.i. to be quiet: wis ba 

be quiet!, shut up! 

wisha ﻪﺷو word; ~dân ناد ﻪﺷو dictionary 

wishk ﮏـــــﺷو dry; ~-bûn to stop dead in 

dare: nayawerâ bibizûetawa he didn’t one’s tracks: la je i khom wishk bûm I 

dare budge 

weza ﻩﺰ§و ambush, sneak attack 

wezh|ân ناﮋــ§ و wezhe- ێﮋــ§ و v.t. to speak, 

say; ~a ﻩﮋـ§ و literature; ~ar رﻩﮋـ§ و speaker, 

announcer; ~wân ناوﮋ§و literary 

wichân نﺎـــــــ و rest, pause; be~ نﺎـــــــ 

و/ 

without rest; pâsh kurta ~èk ﻪـرﻮ 

ﺗ ـB 

شﺎـﭘ 

was glued to the spot 

wishtir ﱰﺷو camel 

wishyâr رﺎــﻴــــ 8 ﺷو 

awake; ~-bûnawa v.i. to 

wake up, be awake 

wit تو speech; ~-u-wezh ﮋـــــ§ و و تو language, 

speech, talk; ~-u-wezh-kirdin 

v.t. to talk, to discuss; ~a ﻪــــــــــوﺗ word, 

236


speech; ~âr رcو speech, article 

witin ﻦــــــéو łe- âــــــT ba v.t. to say to, tell: 

man 

yek کﻪــــــــﯾ one: ~e l’ awân one of them; 

pe’m wit I told him; ~awa to repeat 

witrân ناﺮـــéو witre- ێﺮـــéو v.p. to be said; 

~èkyân one of them; each other; dânà 

~ v.t. to throw together; har ~ay each 

~ ba to be called: Hama’y pe dawitre one of them; hâtinà ~ to collapse, to 

he is called Hama 

witû وﻮــوﺗ iron; ~-kirdin v.t. to iron; ~chî 

ﯽـﭼوﻮـﺘﮐ ـ ironer, cleaner; ~kirâw واﺮـBوﻮـ 

وﺗ 

go to pieces; ~-girtin v.i. to unite; ~ la 

dwâ i ~ one after another, successive: 

rizhem a yekladwâiyekakân i ‘erâq 

ironed 

wiza ﻩزو power, ability 

wîrd دﺮــــaو charm, incantation; ~-khwen- 

successive regimes in Iraq; ~-khistin 

v.t. to unite 

-yèk ک ﻪـــــﯾ 

(indef. encl. after vowels) = - 

din to recite an incantation 

wîst ﺖﺴßو will 

wîstin ﱳــــــﺴــــــßو we- ێو (v.t., pres. tense 

ێو ﻪـــــﻣﻩد 

(d)amawe, ێو ﻪـــــﺗﻩد 

(d)atawe, 

&c., or ێوﻩد ﻢـ -im (d)awe, ێوﻩد ﺖـ -it 

(d)awe, &c.) to want; pe-~ to be 

èk 

yekatî ﰏﻪــــﮐﻪــــﯾ union: yekatî i sovyet the 

Soviet Union 

yekdang ﮓsر ﻩﺪﮐﻪﯾ 

unanimous(ly) 

yekè âﮐ ﻪﯾ la one of 

yekèk ﮏــ ــﮐﻪــﯾ 

someone, anyone who (+ 

necessary 

wurd دروو = wird 

wutuwezh-kirdin lagał ڵﻪـﮔv 

ندﺮـB 

ﮋـaوﻮـﺗوو 

subj) 

yeketî ﱴ ﮐ ﻪﯾ = yekatî 

yekgirtû وﻮـﺮﺗ ـﮕﮐ ـ ﻪـﯾ 

united: natawa yekgir- 

v.t. to converse, hold talks with 

wutin ﻦéوو = witin 

wutû وﻮﺗوو = witû 

yakha ﻪــLﻪــﯾ collar: dastyân dâyà yakha i 

yek they grabbed each other by the 

collar; ~-girtin ﻦـــﺮé ـــﮔ 

ﻪـــLﻪـــﯾ 

v.t. to lay 

hands on, get hold of, trap: ~’y girtim 

she trapped me 

yaqa ﻪﻗ ﻪﯾ = yakha 

yâd دp memory; henânà ~ دp ﻪـــﻧﺎـــﻨـــ 

ـــﻫ 

to 

call to mind, remember; ~agâr رﺎــــﮔﻩدp 

memory, souvenir, memento; ~âwar 

ر ﻩوادp reminder 

tûakân the United Nations 

yekjâr رﺎـÌ' ـ ﻪـﯾ 

at once, altogether; ~î last, 

final 

yekkhistin ﱳﺴﺨ' ﻪﯾ unification 

yeksar ر ﻪﺴBﻪﯾ 

immediately, right away 

yeksân نﺎــﺴــBﻪــ ﯾ alike, identical; ~î identicality 

yekshamma ﻪﳑ ﻪﺸ'ﻪﯾ 

Sunday 

yektir ﱰﮐ ﻪﯾ each other, one another 

yekudû وودﻮـــBﻪـــﯾ without pause, straightaway 

yen- ﻦåﯾ see henân 

yeshân نﺎـﺸåﯾ ــ yesh- ﺶ ــ åﯾ (v.i.&t.) to hurt: 

sarim ayeshâ I had a headache 

yâkhud دﻮﺧp or 

yân نp or 

yâna ﻪﻧp club 

zabalâḥ حﻻ ﻪﺑﻩز 

huge, enormous 

zabr ﺮñ ﻩز blow, force, strength 

yâr رp friend 

zabûn نوﻮــــــــــــﺑﻩز miserable, helpless; ~î 

yârałmâsî ﳻﲈT ﻩرp potato 

ﱏوﻮﺑ ﻩز misery, helplessness 

yârî یرp play, game; ~-kirdin ندﺮــــB 

یرp zaḥmat ت ﻪﲪﻩز 

trouble, difficulty 

v.t. to play; ~kar ر ﻪﮑaرp player za’îf ﻒــﻴــﻋﻩز thin; lâm i ~ ﻒــﻴــﻋﻩز ﱉﻻ the 

yârîda ﻩﺪﯾرp help, assistance 

liquid l 

yârmatî ﰏﻪـﻣرp help; ~-dân ناد ﰏﻪـﻣرp 

v.t. zalâm مﻻ ﻩز big, large; fellow 

to help 

zalîl ﻞﻴﻟ ﻩز wretched, downcast 

yâsâ ﺎـﺳp law, statute; ~wil لوﺎـﺳp police- zamân نﺎﻣ ﻩز time 

237

zamâwin نوﺎ ــــﻣﻩز 

, zamâwand ﺪــــﻧﻩوﺎــــﻣﻩز 

wedding; ~-kirdin v.t. to wed 

zambar ر ﻪmﻣﻩز 

ornament 

zamîn ﲔﻣ ﻩز earth, globe 

zand ﺪﻧ ﻩز forearm 

zang ﮓs ﻩز bell 

zangał ڵ ﻪﮕsﻩز 

= zargal 

zangî ﯽﮕs ﻩز black 

zangîn ﲔﮕs ﻩز rich 

zaq ق ﻩز outstanding 

zař ڕ ﻩز gold; ~angar goldsmith 

zarâ’at ت ﻪ`ارﻩز 

agriculture 

zard درﻩز yellow, blond; ~awâla vاوﻩدرﻩز 

wasp, hornet; ~hałgařâw واڕﻪــﮕــT 

ﻪــﻫدرﻩز 

i ~ Ministry of Education 

zâr 

yellowed 

zardakhana ﻪـــﻧﻪـــLﻩدرﻩز smile; ~-girtin, - 

kirdin v.t. to smile 

zargał ڵ ﻪﮔرﻩز 

leggings 

zařîn ﻦaڕ ﻩز wasp 

zarkî ﰽر ﻩز jaundice, hepatitis 

zarq قرﻩز glitter, glimmer; ~î glittering, 

bright 

zarra ﻩرر ﻩز particle, atom 

zawî(n) ﻦaو ﻩز ،یوﻩز 

earth, ground, floor 

zawîr ﺮــــaوﻩز angry; ~ bûn la to be angry 

with 

zawq قو ﻩز taste; ~î ﰵو ﻩز happiness 

zawt-kirdin ندﺮB توﻩز 

v.t. to usurp 

zân ناز ze- ێز v.i. to be born; to be collected 

(liquid), to well up: châwim 

firmeskî te zâ tears welled up in my 

eyes; âw zâyà dammân we’re drooling 

(in anticipation) 

zân|â áاز learned; ~ist ﺖـﺴÎ ـاز 

knowledge, 

learning; ~istga ﻪ ـﮕﺘ8ﺴÎ ـــ ـاز, 

~istgâ ﺎـﮕﺘ8ﺴÎ 

ـــ ـاز 

university; ~istî ﱴــــــ 8 ﺴـــÎاز teaching, instruction; 

~în ﲔــــــــــــــﻧاز zân- ناز v.t. to 

know: wâ bizânim as I believe, I think 

(so); wâ’m zânî gâlta’m dagal dakâ I 

thought he was joking with me; ~în 

zân- ba v.t. to consider as; ~rân ناﺮـــsاز 

zânre- ێﺮــsاز v.p. to be known, discovered; 

~râw واﺮــــــــsاز discovery, finding; 

~yâr رﺎـــــــﻴـــــــﻧاز learned, erudite; ~yârî 

یرﺎـﻴﻧ ـاز 

knowledge, education: wazârat 

1 راز mouth: zârim bû ba tala i taqîw 

I was left speechless; dam-u-~ و مﻩد 

راز mouth 

zâr 2 SORANI KURDISH 

راز miserable; la ~î in misery 

zârâwa ﻩواراز accent, dialect; zârawagal 

ل ﻪﮔﻩواراز 

dialect bundle 

zârawok کۆو ﻩراز dialect, accent 

zârik کراز mouth, opening 

zârola vۆراز child 

zât تاز being, personage; courage, daring; 

~ i … bûn to dare to (do something): 

ley datirsân u zât i nizzîk 

bûnawayân nabû they were afraid of 

him and didn’t dare get near 

zâwâ اواز husband, in-law; father’s sister’s 

husband; daughter’s husband; 

sister’s husband 

zâyała ﻪT ﻪﯾاز echo 

zâye ﻪﯾاز lost; ~-bûn to be lost 

zâyinî ﲎ ـــﯾاز 

, zâyînî ﲎـــõـــﯾاز A.D.: sada i 

nozdaham i ~ the 19th century A.D. 

zelkâw وﲀﻠlز marsh 

zeř g§ز gold; ~în ﻦag§ز golden 

zhahr ﺮـﻫﻩژ poison; ~âwî یواﺮـﻫﻩژ poisonous; 

~âwî-kirdin v.t. to poison 

zham م ﻩژ meal 

zhaman ن ﻪﻣﻩژ 

sustenance 

zhandin نﺪــﻧﻩژ v.t. to rub, stick (s.th. into 

s.th. else); hał-~ ditto: har dû dast’î 

hałzhandà khwen i azhdîhâká’dâ she 

rubbed both hands in the dragon’s 

blood 

zhang ﮓــsﻩژ rust, verdigris; ~ le-dân v.t. 

to rust, get rusty 

zhân ناژ pain, illness; ~-kirdin v.t. to 

hurt, be painful; ~asar رﻪــــﺳﻪــــﻧاژ headache 

zhândin نﺪــــــﻧاژ zhen- ﻦــــــ§ ژ v.t.: râ-~ to 

shake, rock 

zhânpon نﯚﭙﻧاژ Japan 

zhâr راژ poor, miserable; poison; ~-dân 

v.t. to poison 

zher ﺮـــــــــــ§ ژ under, beneath; la ~ …awa 

from beneath, secretly; la ~ …dâ 

238


under 

zhimâra ﻩرﺎﻣژ number, issue 

zhimârdin ندرﺎــــﻣژ zhimer- ﺮــــــــ å ﻣژ 

v.t. to 

count; ~ ba to consider as 

zhimerrân نارﺮـــــåـــــﻣژ v.p. to be counted, 

reckoned 

zhin نژ woman, wife; ~-henân v.t. to 

get married (of a man), to take a wife; 

~brâ اﱪـــــــــژﻧ wife’s brother; ~î ﱏژ wo- 

back to life; ~agânî ﱏﺎـﮔﻩﺪـزﻧ animation, 

liveliness; ~awar رﻩوﻩﺪــــــزﻧ animal, living 

creature 

zinjîr ﲑﳒز chain 

ziř ڕز barren tree; fart; step-; ~birâ اﺮـــــñڕز 

step-brother; ~khwishk ﮏـﺷﻮـﺧڕز stepsister 

zirânî ﱏارز knee 

zirâw وارز gall, courage; ~toqîn ﲔــﻗﯚــﺗوارز 

manhood 

zhinawtin ﻦـéوﻪـژﻧ zhinaw- وﻪـژﻧ v.t. to hear, 

listen to 

zhîkała ﻪT ﻪﮑaژ cute, darling 

zhîla(mo) ( ﯚﻣ) 

Éﯾژ ember under ashes 

zhîn ﻦaژ life; ~azhân ناژ ﻪﻨﯾژ life 

zhîshik ﮏﺸßژ hedgehog 

zhûr رووژ room; upward direction; la 

~awa ﻩوﻩرووژv inside; ~è ێرووژ inside; 

baraw~ la v رووژوﻩرﻪـــــــــــﺑ 

on the other 

galling 

ziringân نﺎـﮕs ـرز 

ziringe- âـﮕs ـرز 

v.i to ring; 

~awa ﻩو ﻪﻧﺎﮕsرز to reverberate 

zirma ﻪﻣرز explosion, blast 

zirtaboz زﯚﺑ ﻪﺗرز crooked old man 

zistân نﺎﺘ8ﺳز winter 

ziwân ناوز = zimân 

ziyâ pز much, more; ~tir la v ﺮـــépز 

more 

than 

ziyâd دpز much; ~î increase; ~tir la 

side of 

zhûrû وورووژ north 

zhûzhû ووژووژ hedgehog 

zhwânga ﻪﮕsاوژ meeting place 

zhyân نpژ life; ~dostî ﱴــــ 8 ﺳۆﺪــﻧpژ 

love of 

more than; ~-kirdin v.t. to add 

ziyâfat ت ﻪﻓpز banquet 

ziyân نpز damage, loss 

zîlamo ﯚﻣ Éﯾز = zhîlamo 

zît ﺖﯾز clever 

zîn ﻦaز saddle 

zînawar ر ﻩوﻪﻨﯾز 

alive, living thing 

life 

zhyân نpژ zhî- یژ v.i. to live; bízhî … 

long live … 

zhyâr رpژ urban life 

zibân ن ز = zimân 

zibr ﺮñز rough, coarse 

zig گز = sik 

zigmâk کﲈــــﮔز congenital, native: zwân i 

~im my native language 

zik کز = sik 

zikmâk کﲈﮐز = zigmâk 

zil لز large in body, huge 

zilâm مﻻز = zalâm 

zilla Úز slap; ~-sirawândin v.t. to slap 

zimân نﺎـﻣز tongue, language; ~bad دﻪــ 

ﺒﻧﺎـﻣز 

foul-mouthed, ill-speaking; ~wân 

ناﻮﻧﺎﻣز linguist 

zindâna ﻪﻧاﺪﻧز prison 

zind|û ووﺪــزﻧ alive; ba ~ûî ﰃووﺪــزﻧ ﻪــﺑ 

alive: 

ba zindûî darhenrâ he was taken out 

alive; ba ~ heshtinawa v.t. to bring 

239 

zînd- ﺪﻨﯾز see zindzîndân 

ناﺪﻨﯾز prison 

zîndû ووﺪﻨﯾز = zindû 

zîqândin ـــﻧﺎـــﻘـــﯾز 

scream 

zîrak ک ﻩﺮaز clever 

نﺪ zîqen- ـــåـــﻘـــﯾز ﻦ v.t. to 

zîz ﺰaز unhappy, angry 

zmân 1 نﺎﻣز = zabân 

zmân 2 نﺎﻣز = zimân 

zoł ڵۆز bastard 

zor 1 رۆز force; ~-henân bo v.t. to apply 

force to; ~-kirdin la kho- v.t. to force 

oneself, try hard (+ subj., to do s.th.); 

~dâr رادرۆز forceful, cruel, oppressive; 

~dârî یرادرۆز cruelty, oppression; 

piř~ رۆزg strong, forceful 

zor 2 رۆز very; a lot, much; …èk i ~ 

many: shitèk i zor many things; ~’î pe 

nachû before long, it wasn’t long be-

fore 

zorân نارۆز wrestling; ~-girtin v.t. to 

wrestle 

zorba ﻪــــﺑرۆز large quantity; majority; ~ i 

zor i the vast majority of 

zorzân نازرۆز clever; ~î cleverness 

zozân نازۆز mountainous region, summer 

pasturage 

zubân ن وز = zimân 

zulm ﱂوز injustice, tyranny; ~lekrâw ﱂوز 

واﺮﮑ ﻟ oppressed 

zuřât تاڕوز corn 

zurba ﻪﺑروز = zorba 


240 

zuřnâ áڕوز clarion 

zurûf فووروز circumstances 

zû ووز early, soon; ba ~î quickly, fast 

zûr رووز rough, coarse 

zwân 1 ناوز = zimân tongue, language; 

~nâs سﺎــ ﻨﻧاوز 

linguist; ~nâsî ﳻﺎــ ﻨﻧاوز 

linguistic, 

linguistics; shewa~ ناوزﻩﻮــ 

ــــ 8 ﺷ 

dialect 

zwân 2 ناوز time: b’ am ~á at this time 

zwel ﻞlوز garbage 

zwer ﺮ§وز angry 

zwîr ﺮaوز = zwer

‘Able, be’ §21 

Adjectives, attributive §5; comparative 

§13; with definite nouns §8; 

superlative §13; synopsis §9 

Alphabet, pp. 4–7 

Bîr §22 

Calendar §12.3 

Circumpositions §14 

Conditionals §19(5), §32(a), §33 

Conjunctions, subordinating §38 

Copulas §15 

Days of the week §12.2 

Demonstratives §4 

Directionals §40 

-è §40 

Ergativity §27, §27.1 

‘Have’ §16 

-îsh §11 

Izâfa §6, §7 

Months §12.3 

Moods, irrealis §32 

Noun, absolute state §1; definite 

state §3; indefinite state §2; plural 

nouns with attributive adjectives 

§8; postposed verbal complements 

§35; synopsis of states §9 

Numbers, cardinal §12, ordinal 

General Index 

163 

§12.1 

Orthographic peculiarities §41 

Participles, past passive §34.1; perfect 

active §28 

Phonology, pp. 1–3 

Possession §6 

Postpositions §14 

Prepositions §14, preposed pronominal 

prepositional complements 

§14.1; possessive pronouns displaced 

by preposed prepositional 

complements §27.4 

Pronouns, agent affixes §27, as 

logical objects of past transitive 

verbs §27.2; personal §10; possessive 

§10.1; preposed pronominal 

complements §14.1; prepositional 

complements with agent affixes 

§27.3; possessive pronouns 

displaced by preposed prepositional 

complements §27.4; pronominal 

objects of verbs §23 

Relative clauses §39 

‘Remember’ §22 

South Sorani §27.1 

Stress, p. 3 

Temporal duration §37 

Twânîn §21

Verbs, factitive §36; imperative 

§24; irrealis mood §32; in -awa 

§18; passive voice §34; past conditional 

§33; past habitual/progressive 

(intransitive) §26; past 

passive participle §34.1; past perfect 

tense §30, §30.1; present habitual/progressive 

§17; present 


164 

perfect tense §29, §29.1; present 

subjunctive §19; simple past §25; 

§27 

Vowel contractions §42 

‘Want’ §20 

Wîstin §20 

-yatî §15, §29.1

Sorani vocabulary

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