Residual Strength and Fatigue Lifetime of ... - Solid Mechanics
Residual Strength and Fatigue Lifetime of ... - Solid Mechanics Residual Strength and Fatigue Lifetime of ... - Solid Mechanics
The strain energy release rate, G, and the mode-mixity phase angle, , are determined from relative nodal pair displacements along the crack flanks obtained from the finite element analysis by application of the CSDE method outlined in the Introduction of this thesis. h, which is the characteristic length of the crack problem, is chosen as the face sheet thickness. The strain energy release rate and the mode-mixity phase angle are used as the two state variables for the extrapolation and cycle jump in the cycle jump method. These two parameters are selected since they are the only required parameters for determination of the crack growth length. Figures 4.5 (a) and (b) show the strain energy release rate and phase angle diagrams as a function of the crack length obtained from the numerical simulations of the analysed debonded sandwich beam at the maximum loading amplitude. The energy release rate increases with increasing crack length up to 60 mm and then decreases. This can be attributed to the increasing membrane forces as the crack length increases. Due to small membrane forces in the first cycles with increasing crack length, the deflection at the crack tip increases, resulting in higher strain energy release rate. However, as the crack length grows, the membrane forces increase and a larger part of the total strain energy in the specimen goes into stretching of the debonded face sheet rather than creating new crack surfaces, which results in a decreasing energy release rate at the crack tip. Figure 5 (b) shows that the phase angle increases with increasing crack length, indicating that the crack tip loading is less mode I dominated at larger crack lengths. The negative phase angle shows the tendency of the crack to kink towards the face sheet. (a) (b) Figure 4.5: (a) Strain energy release rate vs. crack length (b) phase angle vs. crack length diagrams for the debonded sandwich beam at maximum loading amplitude. The fatigue crack growth simulation was conducted on the sandwich beam for 500 cycles. To study the effect of the control parameter on the accuracy and speed of the simulation, simulations with different control parameters, qy, were conducted. A reference simulation of all individual cycles was performed to verify the accuracy of the simulations by application of the cycle jump method. Figures 4.6 (a) and (b) show the deflection of the loading point (Y deflection) as a function of cycles for two different control parameters, qG=q=0.05 and qG=q=0.2. 70
(a) (b) Figure 4.6: Deflection of the face sheet at the point of loading (Y deflection) vs. number of cycles for (a) control parameter qG=q= 0.05 and (b) qG=q= 0.2. More cycles are needed in the simulation with smaller control parameters qG=q=0.05 as expected, but the calculated deflections agree well with the reference analysis. When the control parameters are increased to qG=q=0.2 fewer simulation cycles are needed, but as it is seen from Figure 4.6 (b), the deflection of the debonded face sheet in the simulation using the cycle jump method is lower than in the reference simulation, which shows the inaccuracy of the simulation. Figure 4.7 presents G vs. number of cycles. Even though G has a highly non-linear behaviour, the cycle jump method is able to capture this behaviour by conducting small or no jumps. In the simulation with the control parameters qG=q=0.05 there is fair agreement between the reference analysis and the cycle jump simulation, see Figure 4.7 (a). However, the results from the simulation with the control parameters qG=q=0.2 show some inaccuracies, see Figure 4.7 (b). (a) (b) Figure 4.7:G at the crack tip vs. cycles for (a) control parameters qG=q= 0.05 and (b) qG=q= 0.2. Crack length vs. cycle diagrams for the two control parameters qG=q=0.05 and qG=q=0.2 are shown in Figure 4.8. In the initial cycles (up to 200 cycles) the crack growth rate is large due to a 71
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(a) (b)<br />
Figure 4.6: Deflection <strong>of</strong> the face sheet at the point <strong>of</strong> loading (Y deflection) vs. number <strong>of</strong><br />
cycles for (a) control parameter qG=q= 0.05 <strong>and</strong> (b) qG=q= 0.2.<br />
More cycles are needed in the simulation with smaller control parameters qG=q=0.05 as<br />
expected, but the calculated deflections agree well with the reference analysis. When the control<br />
parameters are increased to qG=q=0.2 fewer simulation cycles are needed, but as it is seen from<br />
Figure 4.6 (b), the deflection <strong>of</strong> the debonded face sheet in the simulation using the cycle jump<br />
method is lower than in the reference simulation, which shows the inaccuracy <strong>of</strong> the simulation.<br />
Figure 4.7 presents G vs. number <strong>of</strong> cycles. Even though G has a highly non-linear behaviour,<br />
the cycle jump method is able to capture this behaviour by conducting small or no jumps. In the<br />
simulation with the control parameters qG=q=0.05 there is fair agreement between the reference<br />
analysis <strong>and</strong> the cycle jump simulation, see Figure 4.7 (a). However, the results from the<br />
simulation with the control parameters qG=q=0.2 show some inaccuracies, see Figure 4.7 (b).<br />
(a)<br />
(b)<br />
Figure 4.7:G at the crack tip vs. cycles for (a) control parameters qG=q= 0.05 <strong>and</strong> (b)<br />
qG=q= 0.2.<br />
Crack length vs. cycle diagrams for the two control parameters qG=q=0.05 <strong>and</strong> qG=q=0.2 are<br />
shown in Figure 4.8. In the initial cycles (up to 200 cycles) the crack growth rate is large due to a<br />
71