Experimental and Numerical Study of Swirling ... - Solid Mechanics

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Experimental and Numerical Study of Swirling Flow in Scavenging Process for 2-Stroke Marine Diesel Engines Chapter 5 results in Chapter 4, the variation in cylinder length may not be having any significant effect on the in-cylinder. The axial positions mentioned in table 5.1 are all relative to the origin fixed at piston position at fully open port. The PIV data acquisition is performed by keeping the piston at any aforementioned fixed position and then taking measurements at crosssectional planes z 1 to z 6 along the length of the cylinder. The piston is then moved manually to one of the next aforementioned position and the same procedure is repeated. Thus measurements are not conducted in a varying incylinder flow Reynolds number and continuous piston translation. This makes the measurements in this experiment to be conducted in a quasisteady state because in real engine scavenging process, in addition to stratified flow and large temperature gradients, the piston accelerates or decelerates continuously (covering and uncovering the intake ports) and the in-cylinder flow rate and Reynolds number change accordingly. The presence of exhaust valve has an aerodynamic effect on the in-cylinder flow e.g. it acts as a bluff body to the flow at the cylinder outlet and also changes the crosssection of the cylinder outlet. Studying the effect of exhaust valve on the incylinder flow is considered as the future work. In order to study the effect of variation in flow rate and Reynolds number on the in-cylinder swirling flow, for each given piston position, the measurements are conducted at two different Reynolds numbers (Re A = 6.5 x 10 4 ± 1870 and Re B =3.25 x 10 4 ± 935) as in the experiment discussed in Chapter 4. In a real engine, the flow rate changes as the piston movement closes ports. For simplicity, in this experiment, the flow rate has been kept constant for different port openings, but by using two different flow rates (High and comparatively low), the effect of change in flow rate on the incylinder flow can be studied. Thus the current experiment is focused on the effect of piston position on the in-cylinder confined swirling flow. The experimental results can also be useful for the computational modeling where, at first, the performance of a given model is validated against the experimental results at different quasi-steady state piston positions and a given Reynolds number and then a transient simulation of swirling flow during scavenging process is performed using computationally dynamic/ moving mesh techniques for piston and exhaust valve motions. 5.1 Results and Discussion The results for the piston position with fully open cylinder inlet port has already been discussed in Chapter 4 for the cylinder length L=4D. However, only the tangential and axial velocity profiles for ports fully open are discussed briefly from the prospect of discussing the comparison of the effect of piston motion/ position on in-cylinder swirling flow. The rest of the chapter will present the results for piston positions at cylinder inlet closure of 25%, 50% and 75%. 108 Effect of Piston Position
Experimental and Numerical Study of Swirling Flow in Scavenging Process for 2-Stroke Marine Diesel Engines Chapter 5 The profiles plots are presented by first moving the origin of the coordinate system to the approximate position of vortex center and then interpolating along new X-axis defined as ‘X V ’ and at Y V =0 for a flow characteristic of interest. The data for different flow characteristics are normalized in the same manner as in case for the experimental results in Chapter 4. This chapter includes results selected from the experimental measurements in order to cover the topic in a comprehensive manner. The remaining and detailed results are given in Appendix B. 5.1.1 Tangential and Axial Velocity Profiles Fully Open port With the piston at bottom-dead-center (BDC) the cylinder inlet is fully open. The flow, after being accelerated in the contraction section enters the cylinder with tangential and stronger radial component. Since the cylinder inlet is fully open i.e. the piston surface is aligned with the bottom wall of the cylinder inlet, the flow on the piston surface resembles to flow on a flat surface. The other end of the cylinder inlet is aligned with the lower end of cylinder and makes a 90 bend. Due to this sharp bending, the flow entering the cylinder at the other side of cylinder inlet will form a large recirculation zone at the cylinder wall. The flow entering from in between the two ends of cylinder inlet loses majority of its radial momentum and after traveling to some radial distance towards the cylinder axis, bends to axial direction. This radial distance that flow travels at the cylinder cross-sections in front of the inlet is governed by the magnitude of radial component of incoming velocity and the size of the recirculation zone at the cylinder wall. Further, for the cylinder cross-sections close to cylinder inlet, the peaks in tangential and axial velocity profiles are approximately observed at this radial distance from the cylinder axis. The resulting tangential velocity V profiles are shown in (Figure 5.1) 1 . When the intake port is fully open, the tangential velocity V profile is similar to the Burgers vortex which is comprised of a solid body rotation forced vortex region and an outer region with very low rotationality or weak vorticity. Higher velocities are observed in the radial position where the inner forced and outer regions meet. 1 The results for fully open port case are same as for cylinder length 4D in Chapter 4. The repetition is intended to provide a flow to the reader. 109 Effect of Piston Position
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DTU Mechanical Engineering Section
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Experimental and Numerical Study of Swirling ... - Solid Mechanics

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