Dynamics of Machines - Part II - IFS.pdf
Dynamics of Machines - Part II - IFS.pdf
Dynamics of Machines - Part II - IFS.pdf
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Contents<br />
1 Introduction to Dynamical Modelling <strong>of</strong> <strong>Machines</strong> and Structures and Experimental<br />
Analysis <strong>of</strong> Mechanical Vibrations based on the Human Senses 3<br />
1.1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3<br />
1.2 Description <strong>of</strong> the Test Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3<br />
1.3 Data <strong>of</strong> the Mechanical System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5<br />
1.4 Calculating Equivalent Stiffness Coefficients – Beam Theory . . . . . . . . . . . 5<br />
1.5 Calculating Stiffness Matrices – Beam Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7<br />
1.6 Mechanical Systems with 1 D.O.F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9<br />
1.6.1 Physical System and Mechanical Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9<br />
1.6.2 Mathematical Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9<br />
1.6.3 Analytical and Numerical Solution <strong>of</strong> the Equation <strong>of</strong> Motion . . . . . . . 10<br />
1.6.4 Analytical and Numerical Solution <strong>of</strong> Equation <strong>of</strong> Motion using Matlab . 15<br />
1.6.5 Comparison between the Analytical and Numerical Solutions <strong>of</strong> Equation<br />
<strong>of</strong> Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16<br />
1.6.6 Homogeneous Solution or Free-Vibrations or Transient Response - Experimental<br />
Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19<br />
1.6.7 Natural Frequency – ωn [rad/s] or fn [Hz] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19<br />
1.6.8 Damping Factor ξ or Logarithmic Decrement β . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19<br />
1.6.9 Forced Vibrations or Steady-State Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24<br />
1.6.10 Resonance and Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24<br />
1.6.11 Superposition <strong>of</strong> Transient and Forced Vibrations in Time Domain (Simulation)<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27<br />
1.6.12 Resonance – Experimental Analysis in Time Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . 28<br />
1.7 Mechanical Systems with 2 D.O.F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31<br />
1.7.1 Physical System and Mechanical Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31<br />
1.7.2 Mathematical Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31<br />
1.7.3 Analytical and Numerical Solution <strong>of</strong> System <strong>of</strong> Differential Linear Equations<br />
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32<br />
1.7.4 Modal Analysis using Matlab eig-function [u, w] = eig(−B, A) . . . . . . . 37<br />
1.7.5 Analytical and Numerical Solutions <strong>of</strong> Equation <strong>of</strong> Motion using Matlab . 40<br />
1.7.6 Analytical and Numerical Results <strong>of</strong> the System <strong>of</strong> Equations <strong>of</strong> Motion . 41<br />
1.7.7 Programming in Matlab – Frequency Response Analysis . . . . . . . . . . 42<br />
1.7.8 Understanding Resonances and Mode Shapes using your Eyes and Fingers 43<br />
1.7.9 Resonance – Experimental Analysis in Time Domain . . . . . . . . . . . . 48<br />
1.8 Mechanical Systems with 3 D.O.F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49<br />
1.8.1 Physical System and Mechanical Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49<br />
1.8.2 Mathematical Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49<br />
1.8.3 Programming in Matlab – Theoretical Parameter Studies and Experimental<br />
Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52<br />
1.8.4 Theoretical Frequency Response Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55<br />
1.8.5 Experimental – Natural Frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56<br />
1.8.6 Experimental – Resonances and Mode Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56<br />
1.9 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58<br />
1.10 Project 0 – Identification <strong>of</strong> Model Parameters (An Example) . . . . . . . . . . . 61<br />
1.11 Project 1 – Modal Analysis & Validation <strong>of</strong> Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66<br />
2