A Gap Analysis in Selected Asian Countries, 3R Knowledge Hub ...

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72 3R Gap Analysis and Findings The Korean Waste Management Act classifies solid waste into three categories: household waste, industrial waste and construction debris. As a result of the government’s aggressive policy initiatives to reduce solid waste, daily household waste generation nationwide has decreased from 75,000 to 49,000 tons over the last decade...
BACKGROUND With a population of about 50 million in an area of 98,480 km 2 , Korea has one of the highest population densities in the world; 500 persons/km 2 . The annual rate of population increase in Korea has dropped steadily from more than 3% in the late 1950s to 0.42% in 2006. Urbanization of the country has progressed rapidly since the 1960s, with substantial migration from rural to urban areas; 80% of the population is now classified as urban. Majority of the population live in the southern and western parts of the country. The Republic of Korea, commonly known as South Korea or just Korea, has a per capita GDP of US$ 24,200, almost equal to some of the smaller economies in the European Union. This success was achieved by a system of close government - business ties, including direct credit, import restrictions, sponsorship of specific industries and a strong labor effort. The government promoted the import of raw materials and technology at the expense of consumer goods and encouraged savings and investment over consumption. With tremendous growth rates on par with some of the western countries, Korea has been one of the top performers in the Asian Continent. However, the country has been experiencing waste management issues owing to its high population density and drastically changing consumption patterns. PRIORITY AREAS The Korean Waste Management Act classifies solid waste into three categories; household waste, industrial waste and construction 3.9 Korea debris. As a result of the government’s aggressive policy initiatives to reduce solid waste, daily household waste generation nationwide has decreased from 75,000 to 49,000 tons over the last decade. However, as Korea’s economy has rapidly developed, daily industrial waste generation over the last 9 years has increased by 113%, reaching 95,000 tons. In addition, according to the Ministry of Environment, generation of construction debris has increased by 282% over the last five years, reaching 108,000 tons per day. The conscious efforts of the government in reducing household waste have been fruitful. Recycling of electrical and electronic wastes such as home appliances has also yielded positive results. However, industrial waste and construction and demolition waste pose imminent problems to the country and necessitate priority action. Chapter 3: Country Analysis 73
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3R in Asia a gap analysis in select
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Rapid economic growth is accompanie
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ii Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Knowledge
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iv Acronyms & Abbreviations 3R Redu
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Foreword Preface Executive Summary
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Enormous challenges in developing a
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Country Highlights in Promoting 3R
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The objective of the analyses was t
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Strong and Weak represent the level
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BACKGROUND Bangladesh has a populat
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HEALTHCARE WASTE Currently, Banglad
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Recycling ULAB Image source: Waste
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CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
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BACKGROUND Bhutan is a small landlo
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Most of the higher value recyclable
Page 33 and 34: E-WASTE No published information ex
Page 35 and 36: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
Page 37 and 38: BACKGROUND Brunei Darussalam or Bru
Page 39 and 40: The NCE was established in 1993 by
Page 41 and 42: for health settings but the princip
Page 45 and 46: BACKGROUND Cambodia currently has a
Page 47 and 48: Findings On-going difficulties in s
Page 49 and 50: GAPS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF 3R World
Page 53 and 54: BACKGROUND Referred as ‘workshop
Page 55 and 56: year, an integrated solid waste man
Page 57 and 58: • Weak infrastructure of disposal
Page 59 and 60: TECHNOLOGY STATUS FOR IMPLEMENTATIO
Page 61 and 62: Priorities must be set to implement
Page 63 and 64: BACKGROUND Urbanization and uncontr
Page 65 and 66: Quantity and characteristics are tw
Page 67 and 68: The mandate of the National Task Fo
Page 71 and 72: BACKGROUND Indonesia, with over 18,
Page 73 and 74: The Compost Subsidy Project plans t
Page 77 and 78: BACKGROUND Located in the Pacific O
Page 79 and 80: Eco-Town at Kitakyushu in Japan The
Page 81 and 82: GAPS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF 3R World
Page 83: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
Page 87 and 88: The Ministry of Environment has bee
Page 89 and 90: SOURCES AND QUANTITIES OF HEALTHCAR
Page 91 and 92: The rightful use of appropriate and
Page 93 and 94: BACKGROUND The Lao People’s Democ
Page 95 and 96: In the national level, Science, Tec
Page 97 and 98: Efforts were made by the Government
Page 101 and 102: BACKGROUND With about 330,000 km 2
Page 103 and 104: nationwide. Malaysia has plans to s
Page 105 and 106: and disposal of hazardous waste; in
Page 109 and 110: BACKGROUND Republic of Philippines
Page 111 and 112: Recyclable waste transported from t
Page 113 and 114: Findings About five years ago, the
Page 117 and 118: BACKGROUND Singapore, an island bet
Page 119 and 120: Participation by households increas
Page 121 and 122: Standards Board (now the National S
Page 123 and 124: Presently, the country relies predo
Page 125 and 126: BACKGROUND Thailand is one of the n
Page 127 and 128: Findings Appropriate policies and e
Page 129 and 130: In the industrial sector, e-waste i
Page 133 and 134: BACKGROUND In recent decades, Vietn
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opportunity for waste recycling bus
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Findings There is a need to develop
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TECHNOLOGY STATUS FOR IMPLEMENTATIO
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Vietnam’s solid waste management
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chapter 4 Conclusions & Recommendat
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ABC news, ‘ E-waste China’ (200
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