A Gap Analysis in Selected Asian Countries, 3R Knowledge Hub ...

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3R Gap Analysis and Findings
Heap of Urban Refuse, Bandung City
Image source: Muhammad Zakaria, 3RKH
Inception Workshop, Hanoi 2007
Organic Waste Management in Surabaya
Municipal Waste Composition - Indonesia
Source: www.3rkh.net
The daily waste generation in Surabaya city is around 1630 ton and a major portion is from household
units which contribute around 56% organic waste. The foremost challenge in Surabaya City is in
implementing 3R. Recycling has been carried out by scavengers, which has often led to exposure of solid
waste on streets and sanitation problems. Normally, scavengers reduce solid waste volume by almost
30% in Surabaya, which greatly reduces costs of transportation and disposal downstream. So there is an
emerging need to manage an efficient recycling system involving the scavenger labor force.
Another obvious challenge for Surabaya is the large gap between income and expenses in solid waste
management. Semi-sanitary landfills, composting and small scale incineration have been the key
components in the final treatment. Expenses are subsidized from other sources such as tax and other city
revenue. Appropriate strategies have been envisaged to ensure participation and involvement of the
community, which, in turn, promotes self-development of the community itself. However, law and
regulations must be improved together with human resources in order to facilitate effective
management. Furthermore, due to a lack of institutional framework and rules and regulations, private
sector participation in solid waste management is limited. The crucial innovative strategy from Surabaya
is the “Kampung Improvement Programme (KIP)” and “Comprehensive Kampung Improvement
Programme (C-KIP)”, with the focus on empowering local communities to solve their own problems in
solid waste management with the support from the local government and professionals. In this
arrangement, local communities are responsible for solid waste management in their neighborhood.
Under this arrangement, households pay transport and disposal charges for solid waste management to
the city government, either through water bills or at the subdistrict level.
Source: Solid Waste Management Seminar Kitakyushu, September 2002.
There has been a significant progress in
Indonesia with respect to solid waste
management and 3R implementations,
especially in agro-industries.
• Slaughter House - compost, biogas &
methane capture - electricity
• Milk Industries - compost
• Sugar Plant - compost, bio-fuel
• Palm Industries - compost, bio-fuel, Forestry
and Horticulture - bio-fuel
The Compost Subsidy Project in 19 cities has
proved to be successful, especially in Bandung
city. The municipalities in Bandung city have
put forward a plan to implement 3R initiatives
in managing their solid waste problem. Prior to
landfills, the collected waste would pass
through temporary treatment sites, one at the
community level and the other at the city level.
These treatment sites will segregate the organic
waste for composting and inorganic materials
for recycling. The residues would be sent either
for further treatment or landfilling. Residential
areas, markets, offices and transportation
terminals have been identified as main sources
of waste generation. The 3R approach would be
channelled from Local Community to NGO to
the Government (Local–Provincial– Central).