A Gap Analysis in Selected Asian Countries, 3R Knowledge Hub ...
A Gap Analysis in Selected Asian Countries, 3R Knowledge Hub ... A Gap Analysis in Selected Asian Countries, 3R Knowledge Hub ...
58 3R Gap Analysis and Findings Only a few largescale enterprises comply with environmental standards and have 3R principles in place. The solid wastes generated are mostly organic. With only 40% collection efficiency, the waste is often open burned, abandoned or left to rot in sewers and abandoned places. The collected waste is dumped at designated dumpsites with minimal or no pretreatments. Local scavengers at dumpsite Image source: Muhammad Zakaria, 3RKH Inception Workshop, Hanoi 2007
BACKGROUND Indonesia, with over 18,000 islands, spans almost 2,000,000 km 2 between Asia and Australia, and has a population of about 246 million living on a land area of about 1,830,000 km 2 . Indonesia has revealed high population growth with a parallel rise in economic development and prosperity and the country has managed to achieve a per capita GDP of about USD 3700 (2005). Around 43.6% of the GDP is generated through the services sector with nearly 46.5% employed in the agriculture sector. The present annual real GDP growth is nearly 5.6 % (2005) after the economic crisis in 1997. PRIORITY AREAS With more than 40 million micro, small and medium enterprises lacking proper waste treatment facilities and over 8000 large enterprises, the solid waste generated poses a huge challenge to the authorities. Only a few large-scale enterprises comply with environmental standards and have 3R principles in place. The solid wastes generated are mostly organic. With only 40% collection efficiency, the waste is often open burned, abandoned or left to rot in sewers and abandoned places. The collected waste is dumped at designated dumpsites with minimal or no pretreatment. Thus, it is clear that management of municipal solid waste takes priority. URBAN MUNICIPAL WASTE Urban municipal waste has been largely dominated by organic fractions, which in turn requires very efficient collection systems to avoid odor and hygiene problems. Like other developing countries, lack of budget allocations and waste management strategies further makes 3.7 Indonesia this collection task even more difficult, except for a few urban centers like Jakarta where the overall solid waste collection efficiency was recorded higher than 80%. With domestic waste increasing at a rate of 2-4% per year, the most common method of waste treatment or disposal is still open dumping. Even though recycling activities and composting practices are observed, they only contribute to a very small portion covering 1.6% of the total waste. Daily collected recyclable waste from domestic areas Image source: Muhammad Zakaria, 3RKH Inception Workshop, Hanoi 2007 Chapter 3: Country Analysis 59
- Page 19 and 20: Strong and Weak represent the level
- Page 21 and 22: BACKGROUND Bangladesh has a populat
- Page 23 and 24: HEALTHCARE WASTE Currently, Banglad
- Page 25 and 26: Recycling ULAB Image source: Waste
- Page 27 and 28: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
- Page 29 and 30: BACKGROUND Bhutan is a small landlo
- Page 31 and 32: Most of the higher value recyclable
- Page 33 and 34: E-WASTE No published information ex
- Page 35 and 36: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
- Page 37 and 38: BACKGROUND Brunei Darussalam or Bru
- Page 39 and 40: The NCE was established in 1993 by
- Page 41 and 42: for health settings but the princip
- Page 43 and 44: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
- Page 45 and 46: BACKGROUND Cambodia currently has a
- Page 47 and 48: Findings On-going difficulties in s
- Page 49 and 50: GAPS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF 3R World
- Page 51 and 52: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
- Page 53 and 54: BACKGROUND Referred as ‘workshop
- Page 55 and 56: year, an integrated solid waste man
- Page 57 and 58: • Weak infrastructure of disposal
- Page 59 and 60: TECHNOLOGY STATUS FOR IMPLEMENTATIO
- Page 61 and 62: Priorities must be set to implement
- Page 63 and 64: BACKGROUND Urbanization and uncontr
- Page 65 and 66: Quantity and characteristics are tw
- Page 67 and 68: The mandate of the National Task Fo
- Page 69: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
- Page 73 and 74: The Compost Subsidy Project plans t
- Page 75 and 76: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
- Page 77 and 78: BACKGROUND Located in the Pacific O
- Page 79 and 80: Eco-Town at Kitakyushu in Japan The
- Page 81 and 82: GAPS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF 3R World
- Page 83 and 84: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
- Page 85 and 86: BACKGROUND With a population of abo
- Page 87 and 88: The Ministry of Environment has bee
- Page 89 and 90: SOURCES AND QUANTITIES OF HEALTHCAR
- Page 91 and 92: The rightful use of appropriate and
- Page 93 and 94: BACKGROUND The Lao People’s Democ
- Page 95 and 96: In the national level, Science, Tec
- Page 97 and 98: Efforts were made by the Government
- Page 99 and 100: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
- Page 101 and 102: BACKGROUND With about 330,000 km 2
- Page 103 and 104: nationwide. Malaysia has plans to s
- Page 105 and 106: and disposal of hazardous waste; in
- Page 107 and 108: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
- Page 109 and 110: BACKGROUND Republic of Philippines
- Page 111 and 112: Recyclable waste transported from t
- Page 113 and 114: Findings About five years ago, the
- Page 115 and 116: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
- Page 117 and 118: BACKGROUND Singapore, an island bet
- Page 119 and 120: Participation by households increas
58<br />
<strong>3R</strong> <strong>Gap</strong> <strong>Analysis</strong> and F<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gs<br />
Only a few largescale<br />
enterprises<br />
comply with<br />
environmental<br />
standards and have<br />
<strong>3R</strong> pr<strong>in</strong>ciples <strong>in</strong><br />
place. The solid<br />
wastes generated<br />
are mostly organic.<br />
With only 40%<br />
collection<br />
efficiency, the waste<br />
is often open<br />
burned, abandoned<br />
or left to rot <strong>in</strong><br />
sewers and<br />
abandoned places.<br />
The collected waste<br />
is dumped at<br />
designated<br />
dumpsites with<br />
m<strong>in</strong>imal or no<br />
pretreatments.<br />
Local scavengers at dumpsite<br />
Image source: Muhammad Zakaria, <strong>3R</strong>KH<br />
Inception Workshop, Hanoi 2007
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