A Gap Analysis in Selected Asian Countries, 3R Knowledge Hub ...

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40 3R Gap Analysis and Findings An analysis of generation rate, current management practices, and available technologies for waste handling and disposal in China identifies Industrial Solid Waste (ISW) as a priority area. Since 1995, ISW has been the main source of solid waste in China. With the current economic development, the quantity of ISW is increasing rapidly in the country...
BACKGROUND Referred as ‘workshop of the world’, China’s rapid growing ‘economy-might’ has surprised many economist and industrialized countries with its ever-expanding production lines. The GNP per capita has increased from USD 620 to 1,000; urban population from 30 to 35%; and urban municipal solid waste generation from 0.79 to 1.15 kg/capita/day during 1997-2003. In the last two decades, the economy of China has been growing at an annual rate of almost 10%. The total amount of waste has been growing at a similar pace of 8-10% annually. Currently, every Chinese produces about 440 kg of solid waste every year. At this rate with the total population of China at approximately 1.25 billion, the total amount of waste is around 500 million tons. China’s waste management revealed that the failures in slowing down waste growth, employing the best available solid waste technology, systematizing source separation of household waste and household hazardous waste and setting the right incentives for waste collection and environmental hygiene services are the major pitfalls in solid waste management. In addition, the increasing recyclable contents in the waste stream especially in the more affluent areas, and inadequate monitoring of the waste compositions, pollution abatement methods in treatment and disposal appear to be the drawbacks of solid waste management in the country. PRIORITY AREAS An analysis of generation rate, current management practices, and available technologies for waste handling and disposal in China identifies Industrial Solid Waste (ISW) as a priority area. Since 1995, ISW has been the main source of solid waste in China. With the current 3.5 China economic development, the quantity of ISW is increasing rapidly in the country. Compared to MSW collected and transported in 2002, ISW generated was approximately seven times higher (about 945 million tons). Mining gangue is the largest component of ISW (making up 27.5%) of the total waste. Within the Chinese industrial sector, the coal mining and processing industry contributes most to the total quantity of ISW. Implementing concrete 3R measures to the industrial sector can yield immediate results. URBAN MUNICIPAL WASTE According to the available data and literature, total MSW generated annually in China varies between 120-136 million tons. The rapid expansion of cities and urban sprawl has led to higher consumption and increase in the amount of urban waste generated since the living standard of the urban areas is higher than in the countryside. With the increase of GNP per capita since 1997, the same has been reflected in the amount of urban municipal waste generated. Chapter 3: Country Analysis 41
Page 2 and 3: 3R in Asia a gap analysis in select
Page 4 and 5: Rapid economic growth is accompanie
Page 6 and 7: ii Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Knowledge
Page 8 and 9: iv Acronyms & Abbreviations 3R Redu
Page 11 and 12: Foreword Preface Executive Summary
Page 13 and 14: Enormous challenges in developing a
Page 15 and 16: Country Highlights in Promoting 3R
Page 17 and 18: The objective of the analyses was t
Page 19 and 20: Strong and Weak represent the level
Page 21 and 22: BACKGROUND Bangladesh has a populat
Page 23 and 24: HEALTHCARE WASTE Currently, Banglad
Page 25 and 26: Recycling ULAB Image source: Waste
Page 27 and 28: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
Page 29 and 30: BACKGROUND Bhutan is a small landlo
Page 31 and 32: Most of the higher value recyclable
Page 33 and 34: E-WASTE No published information ex
Page 37 and 38: BACKGROUND Brunei Darussalam or Bru
Page 39 and 40: The NCE was established in 1993 by
Page 41 and 42: for health settings but the princip
Page 45 and 46: BACKGROUND Cambodia currently has a
Page 47 and 48: Findings On-going difficulties in s
Page 49 and 50: GAPS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF 3R World
Page 51: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
Page 55 and 56: year, an integrated solid waste man
Page 57 and 58: • Weak infrastructure of disposal
Page 59 and 60: TECHNOLOGY STATUS FOR IMPLEMENTATIO
Page 61 and 62: Priorities must be set to implement
Page 63 and 64: BACKGROUND Urbanization and uncontr
Page 65 and 66: Quantity and characteristics are tw
Page 67 and 68: The mandate of the National Task Fo
Page 71 and 72: BACKGROUND Indonesia, with over 18,
Page 73 and 74: The Compost Subsidy Project plans t
Page 77 and 78: BACKGROUND Located in the Pacific O
Page 79 and 80: Eco-Town at Kitakyushu in Japan The
Page 81 and 82: GAPS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF 3R World
Page 85 and 86: BACKGROUND With a population of abo
Page 87 and 88: The Ministry of Environment has bee
Page 89 and 90: SOURCES AND QUANTITIES OF HEALTHCAR
Page 91 and 92: The rightful use of appropriate and
Page 93 and 94: BACKGROUND The Lao People’s Democ
Page 95 and 96: In the national level, Science, Tec
Page 97 and 98: Efforts were made by the Government
Page 101 and 102: BACKGROUND With about 330,000 km 2
Page 103 and 104:
nationwide. Malaysia has plans to s
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and disposal of hazardous waste; in
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CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
Page 109 and 110:
BACKGROUND Republic of Philippines
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Recyclable waste transported from t
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Findings About five years ago, the
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
BACKGROUND Singapore, an island bet
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Participation by households increas
Page 121 and 122:
Standards Board (now the National S
Page 123 and 124:
Presently, the country relies predo
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BACKGROUND Thailand is one of the n
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Findings Appropriate policies and e
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In the industrial sector, e-waste i
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Page 133 and 134:
BACKGROUND In recent decades, Vietn
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opportunity for waste recycling bus
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Findings There is a need to develop
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TECHNOLOGY STATUS FOR IMPLEMENTATIO
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Vietnam’s solid waste management
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chapter 4 Conclusions & Recommendat
Page 145 and 146:
ABC news, ‘ E-waste China’ (200
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