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32 3R Gap Analysis and Findings One of the emerging concerns of Cambodia’s solid waste sector has been the recent rapid transition from biodegradable materials such as paper bags and banana leaves to non-biodegradable materials, principally plastics. Plastic waste can be seen close to nearly every town and village in the country and are beginning even in remote areas. Waste scavengers sorting urban refuse Image source: Phil Byer, Waste Econ
BACKGROUND Cambodia currently has a population of over 13 million, of which about 15% presently live in urban settlements. Existing information on solid waste generation indicates that nearly 700 tons of waste is generated daily in the main cities and provisional towns across the country (WNA, 2001). Outside Phnom Penh, the capital of the country, and a few provincial towns, most of the waste is simply dumped on vacant land outside of the towns. Most of the dumpsites are usually uncontrolled in nature, poorly managed and pose significant risks to both the environment and the public. Waste collection in Phnom Penh Image source: Murray Haight, Waste Econ One of the emerging concerns of Cambodia’s solid waste sector has been the recent rapid transition from biodegradable materials such as paper bags and banana leaves to nonbiodegradable materials, principally plastics. Plastic waste can be seen close to nearly every town and village in the country and are beginning even in remote areas. All forms of plastic currently in use have become persistent sources of environmental pollution. Other waste sectors, medical, industrial, hazardous/ toxic, are now beginning to increase in volumes due to the recent rise in industrial development. 3.4 Cambodia PRIORITY AREAS Available information indicates that recycling and reuse of materials and waste have been happening as large informal operations. An analysis of the waste generation and management issues in the country clearly indicates two major areas for priority action: • Recycling and reuse of hazardous waste materials dumped from neighboring developed countries • Unscientific recycling of Used Lead Acid Batteries Issues related to waste management are diverse and differ based on various aspects from generation patterns to treatment and disposal technologies, to intensity of problems created. However, this study focuses primarily on urban municipal wastes, healthcare and e-waste. Essentially, this gap analysis attempts to investigate and present the current state of generation, characteristics, technologies, policies and legislations for the focal sectors, urban municipal wastes, healthcare and e-waste. Chapter 3: Country Analysis 33
Page 2 and 3: 3R in Asia a gap analysis in select
Page 4 and 5: Rapid economic growth is accompanie
Page 6 and 7: ii Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Knowledge
Page 8 and 9: iv Acronyms & Abbreviations 3R Redu
Page 11 and 12: Foreword Preface Executive Summary
Page 13 and 14: Enormous challenges in developing a
Page 15 and 16: Country Highlights in Promoting 3R
Page 17 and 18: The objective of the analyses was t
Page 19 and 20: Strong and Weak represent the level
Page 21 and 22: BACKGROUND Bangladesh has a populat
Page 23 and 24: HEALTHCARE WASTE Currently, Banglad
Page 25 and 26: Recycling ULAB Image source: Waste
Page 27 and 28: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
Page 29 and 30: BACKGROUND Bhutan is a small landlo
Page 31 and 32: Most of the higher value recyclable
Page 33 and 34: E-WASTE No published information ex
Page 37 and 38: BACKGROUND Brunei Darussalam or Bru
Page 39 and 40: The NCE was established in 1993 by
Page 41 and 42: for health settings but the princip
Page 43: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
Page 47 and 48: Findings On-going difficulties in s
Page 49 and 50: GAPS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF 3R World
Page 53 and 54: BACKGROUND Referred as ‘workshop
Page 55 and 56: year, an integrated solid waste man
Page 57 and 58: • Weak infrastructure of disposal
Page 59 and 60: TECHNOLOGY STATUS FOR IMPLEMENTATIO
Page 61 and 62: Priorities must be set to implement
Page 63 and 64: BACKGROUND Urbanization and uncontr
Page 65 and 66: Quantity and characteristics are tw
Page 67 and 68: The mandate of the National Task Fo
Page 71 and 72: BACKGROUND Indonesia, with over 18,
Page 73 and 74: The Compost Subsidy Project plans t
Page 77 and 78: BACKGROUND Located in the Pacific O
Page 79 and 80: Eco-Town at Kitakyushu in Japan The
Page 81 and 82: GAPS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF 3R World
Page 85 and 86: BACKGROUND With a population of abo
Page 87 and 88: The Ministry of Environment has bee
Page 89 and 90: SOURCES AND QUANTITIES OF HEALTHCAR
Page 91 and 92: The rightful use of appropriate and
Page 93 and 94: BACKGROUND The Lao People’s Democ
Page 95 and 96:
In the national level, Science, Tec
Page 97 and 98:
Efforts were made by the Government
Page 99 and 100:
CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
Page 101 and 102:
BACKGROUND With about 330,000 km 2
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nationwide. Malaysia has plans to s
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and disposal of hazardous waste; in
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Page 109 and 110:
BACKGROUND Republic of Philippines
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Recyclable waste transported from t
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Findings About five years ago, the
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BACKGROUND Singapore, an island bet
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Participation by households increas
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Standards Board (now the National S
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Presently, the country relies predo
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BACKGROUND Thailand is one of the n
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Findings Appropriate policies and e
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In the industrial sector, e-waste i
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BACKGROUND In recent decades, Vietn
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opportunity for waste recycling bus
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Findings There is a need to develop
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TECHNOLOGY STATUS FOR IMPLEMENTATIO
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Vietnam’s solid waste management
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chapter 4 Conclusions & Recommendat
Page 145 and 146:
ABC news, ‘ E-waste China’ (200
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