A Gap Analysis in Selected Asian Countries, 3R Knowledge Hub ...

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22 3R Gap Analysis and Findings • Institutionalizing compulsory waste segregation at source, • Privatization of waste management systems levying SWM fees based on the “polluter pays principle”, • Institutionalization of bilateral arrangements for waste exports, • Streamlining of trade licenses for specific businesses and supporting scrap dealers with spaces in the commercially viable areas. TECHNOLOGY STATUS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF 3R IN BHUTAN Waste Category Urban Municipal Waste E-Waste Healthcare Waste Formal, Strong Formal but weak • Researching and introducing more viable recycling options for various waste compositions, • Developing and adopting the SWM legal tool. Technology Thermal Recovery Fuel Recovery Material Recovery Sorting Pulverizing Composting Incineration Collection Material Recovery Sorting Pulverizing Collection Material Recovery Sorting Pulverizing Incineration Collection Informal, Weak Informal but Strong Status Technology Gap
CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLICIES, LEGISLATIVE MEASURES AND OTHER INITIATIVES Systems for Integrating Environmental Considerations into Socioeconomic Activities Framework Support for 3R- related Activities Direct Regulatory Economic Voluntary Information Procedural Environmental Education Scienceand Technology Reduction of Barriers to International Flow International Cooperation Cooperation of Stakeholders Promotion of Science and Technology for 3R Sufficient 3R Management Aspects National Environment Protection Act (draft) National Solid Waste Management Act (to be drafted) • The Bhutan Municipal Act of 1999 • Environmental Assessment Act, 2000 • Regulations for the Environmental Clearance of Projects and Regulation on Strategic Environmental Assessment, 2002 • Incentives to facilities and Industry Associations implementing Pollution Prevention programs • Funds from Financial Institutions • Lack of Voluntary instruments • Environmental Code of Practice (ECoP) for Solid Waste Management, 2000 • ECoP for Sewage and Sanitation Management in Urban Areas, 2000 • ECoP for Hazardous Waste Management, 2002 • Policy Framework for Solid Waste Management, 2006 • National Strategy & Action Plan for Integrated Solid Waste Management, 2007 Formulation of standards and levels classifying wastes eligible for recycle. Implementation of ISO 14001 - Environmental Management System in government agencies & Business establishment • Central Government commitment • Local Government-Municipal Authorities • NGO-Royal Society for Protection of Nature Lack of environmental education (very informal and ad-hoc nature) Lack of science and technological research and initiatives • Response of the Royal Government to Basel convention • Environmental legislation and policy framing support from DANIDA No systematic cooperation between the government and the stakeholders and amongst various stakeholders in terms of solid waste management • Promotion of technology for waste minimization and recycling and recovery of waste in industries • Hazardous waste generation, treatment, storage and disposal Insufficient Gap Status Chapter 3: Country Analysis 23
Page 2 and 3: 3R in Asia a gap analysis in select
Page 4 and 5: Rapid economic growth is accompanie
Page 6 and 7: ii Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Knowledge
Page 8 and 9: iv Acronyms & Abbreviations 3R Redu
Page 11 and 12: Foreword Preface Executive Summary
Page 13 and 14: Enormous challenges in developing a
Page 15 and 16: Country Highlights in Promoting 3R
Page 17 and 18: The objective of the analyses was t
Page 19 and 20: Strong and Weak represent the level
Page 21 and 22: BACKGROUND Bangladesh has a populat
Page 23 and 24: HEALTHCARE WASTE Currently, Banglad
Page 25 and 26: Recycling ULAB Image source: Waste
Page 27 and 28: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
Page 29 and 30: BACKGROUND Bhutan is a small landlo
Page 31 and 32: Most of the higher value recyclable
Page 33: E-WASTE No published information ex
Page 37 and 38: BACKGROUND Brunei Darussalam or Bru
Page 39 and 40: The NCE was established in 1993 by
Page 41 and 42: for health settings but the princip
Page 45 and 46: BACKGROUND Cambodia currently has a
Page 47 and 48: Findings On-going difficulties in s
Page 49 and 50: GAPS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF 3R World
Page 53 and 54: BACKGROUND Referred as ‘workshop
Page 55 and 56: year, an integrated solid waste man
Page 57 and 58: • Weak infrastructure of disposal
Page 59 and 60: TECHNOLOGY STATUS FOR IMPLEMENTATIO
Page 61 and 62: Priorities must be set to implement
Page 63 and 64: BACKGROUND Urbanization and uncontr
Page 65 and 66: Quantity and characteristics are tw
Page 67 and 68: The mandate of the National Task Fo
Page 71 and 72: BACKGROUND Indonesia, with over 18,
Page 73 and 74: The Compost Subsidy Project plans t
Page 77 and 78: BACKGROUND Located in the Pacific O
Page 79 and 80: Eco-Town at Kitakyushu in Japan The
Page 81 and 82: GAPS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF 3R World
Page 85 and 86:
BACKGROUND With a population of abo
Page 87 and 88:
The Ministry of Environment has bee
Page 89 and 90:
SOURCES AND QUANTITIES OF HEALTHCAR
Page 91 and 92:
The rightful use of appropriate and
Page 93 and 94:
BACKGROUND The Lao People’s Democ
Page 95 and 96:
In the national level, Science, Tec
Page 97 and 98:
Efforts were made by the Government
Page 99 and 100:
CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
Page 101 and 102:
BACKGROUND With about 330,000 km 2
Page 103 and 104:
nationwide. Malaysia has plans to s
Page 105 and 106:
and disposal of hazardous waste; in
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
BACKGROUND Republic of Philippines
Page 111 and 112:
Recyclable waste transported from t
Page 113 and 114:
Findings About five years ago, the
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
BACKGROUND Singapore, an island bet
Page 119 and 120:
Participation by households increas
Page 121 and 122:
Standards Board (now the National S
Page 123 and 124:
Presently, the country relies predo
Page 125 and 126:
BACKGROUND Thailand is one of the n
Page 127 and 128:
Findings Appropriate policies and e
Page 129 and 130:
In the industrial sector, e-waste i
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
BACKGROUND In recent decades, Vietn
Page 135 and 136:
opportunity for waste recycling bus
Page 137 and 138:
Findings There is a need to develop
Page 139 and 140:
TECHNOLOGY STATUS FOR IMPLEMENTATIO
Page 141 and 142:
Vietnam’s solid waste management
Page 143 and 144:
chapter 4 Conclusions & Recommendat
Page 145 and 146:
ABC news, ‘ E-waste China’ (200
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