A Gap Analysis in Selected Asian Countries, 3R Knowledge Hub ...

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16 3R Gap Analysis and Findings In Bhutan, the existing dumpsite has now reached its optimum capacity and the newly identified site still remains on the sketch board due to lack of funding and human resources. It has become a priority issue to develop a segregated waste inventory for the municipal waste...
BACKGROUND Bhutan is a small landlocked nation located in eastern Himalayas, bordered by India in the east, south and west and by China in the north. With a total land area of about 38,000 km 2 , the country is entirely mountainous rising from southern foothills of 160 m above sea level to over 7,500 m high peaks in the north. The country has a population of about 2.3 million. Ever since Bhutan emerged out of a selfimposed isolation and initiated the Five Year Plan for its developmental activities, the national GDP growth rate increased from approximately 5% in 1998 to more than 8% in 2004. The per capita GDP is about USD 1,400. The revenue generation from hydropower electricity export and agriculture subsistence farming contributes significantly to the national GDP and commissioning of the 1,020 MW Tala Hydroelectric Power Station in 2006 is expected to substantially elevate Bhutan’s GDP. Unfortunately, this favorable socio-economic achievement is accompanied by negative pressures on natural resources and the environment. With population concentration in the urban areas and changes in consumption pattern driven by economic gains, various social services management challenges emerge. The unprecedented escalation of solid waste generation especially in urban areas has emerged as one of the most serious challenges, lately, to the Royal Government of Bhutan (RGoB). The RGoB, over the past years has been searching for options and opportunities to tackle the challenge. However, high demand of resources and management expertise coupled with mere technological capacity limits the chances to improve the deteriorating situation. The fragile mountain ecosystem adds to the limitation of finding and developing landfill 3.2 Bhutan sites. To date, public participation in the waste management system has not been strong. The waste quantity generated may not be alarming compared to the waste quantities in other countries, but for the population size and urbanization system in a steep mountain terrain, it has become a serious concern. PRIORITY AREAS In Bhutan, the existing dumpsite has now reached its optimum capacity and the newly identified landfill site still remains on the sketch board due to lack of funding and human resources. It has become a priority issue to develop a segregated waste inventory for the municipal waste. This is to enable analysis and adoption of the viable 3R and safe disposal options. The first ever solid waste management facility, comprising a system of collection transportation and disposal (into an approximately 1.5 ha natural gully at Memelakha about seven kilometers away from the main town) is still operational since its inception in early 1993 for Thimphu municipality. Chapter 3: Country Analysis 17
Page 2 and 3: 3R in Asia a gap analysis in select
Page 4 and 5: Rapid economic growth is accompanie
Page 6 and 7: ii Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Knowledge
Page 8 and 9: iv Acronyms & Abbreviations 3R Redu
Page 11 and 12: Foreword Preface Executive Summary
Page 13 and 14: Enormous challenges in developing a
Page 15 and 16: Country Highlights in Promoting 3R
Page 17 and 18: The objective of the analyses was t
Page 19 and 20: Strong and Weak represent the level
Page 21 and 22: BACKGROUND Bangladesh has a populat
Page 23 and 24: HEALTHCARE WASTE Currently, Banglad
Page 25 and 26: Recycling ULAB Image source: Waste
Page 27: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
Page 31 and 32: Most of the higher value recyclable
Page 33 and 34: E-WASTE No published information ex
Page 35 and 36: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
Page 37 and 38: BACKGROUND Brunei Darussalam or Bru
Page 39 and 40: The NCE was established in 1993 by
Page 41 and 42: for health settings but the princip
Page 45 and 46: BACKGROUND Cambodia currently has a
Page 47 and 48: Findings On-going difficulties in s
Page 49 and 50: GAPS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF 3R World
Page 53 and 54: BACKGROUND Referred as ‘workshop
Page 55 and 56: year, an integrated solid waste man
Page 57 and 58: • Weak infrastructure of disposal
Page 59 and 60: TECHNOLOGY STATUS FOR IMPLEMENTATIO
Page 61 and 62: Priorities must be set to implement
Page 63 and 64: BACKGROUND Urbanization and uncontr
Page 65 and 66: Quantity and characteristics are tw
Page 67 and 68: The mandate of the National Task Fo
Page 71 and 72: BACKGROUND Indonesia, with over 18,
Page 73 and 74: The Compost Subsidy Project plans t
Page 77 and 78: BACKGROUND Located in the Pacific O
Page 79 and 80:
Eco-Town at Kitakyushu in Japan The
Page 81 and 82:
GAPS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF 3R World
Page 83 and 84:
CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
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BACKGROUND With a population of abo
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The Ministry of Environment has bee
Page 89 and 90:
SOURCES AND QUANTITIES OF HEALTHCAR
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The rightful use of appropriate and
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BACKGROUND The Lao People’s Democ
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In the national level, Science, Tec
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Efforts were made by the Government
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BACKGROUND With about 330,000 km 2
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nationwide. Malaysia has plans to s
Page 105 and 106:
and disposal of hazardous waste; in
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
BACKGROUND Republic of Philippines
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Recyclable waste transported from t
Page 113 and 114:
Findings About five years ago, the
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
BACKGROUND Singapore, an island bet
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Participation by households increas
Page 121 and 122:
Standards Board (now the National S
Page 123 and 124:
Presently, the country relies predo
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BACKGROUND Thailand is one of the n
Page 127 and 128:
Findings Appropriate policies and e
Page 129 and 130:
In the industrial sector, e-waste i
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
BACKGROUND In recent decades, Vietn
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opportunity for waste recycling bus
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Findings There is a need to develop
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TECHNOLOGY STATUS FOR IMPLEMENTATIO
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Vietnam’s solid waste management
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chapter 4 Conclusions & Recommendat
Page 145 and 146:
ABC news, ‘ E-waste China’ (200
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