A Gap Analysis in Selected Asian Countries, 3R Knowledge Hub ...
A Gap Analysis in Selected Asian Countries, 3R Knowledge Hub ... A Gap Analysis in Selected Asian Countries, 3R Knowledge Hub ...
12 3R Gap Analysis and Findings Findings The analysis of the current scenario of healthcare waste management in Bangladesh reveals the following: • No specific agency has been identified as responsible for healthcare waste management in the country • Lack of cooperation within and among various agencies is a pertinent problem • In some areas, awareness initiatives have been undertaken by some NGOs. However, lack of awareness of potential risks exist • Hospital authorities tend to overlook health issues as it involves huge budgets • Lack of in-house management, such as the central recycling of selected items ike saline bags and containers inside some hospitals • Unauthorized healthcare waste segregation, recycling and reuse is often conducted in and outside hospitals by informal sectors There is no separate policy or handling rules for solid waste management, there is no specific legislation pertaining directly to the handling, transportation or disposal of healthcare waste in the Bangladesh Environmental. Protection Act (1995). E-WASTE Like other developing Asian countries, Bangladesh also imports tons of e-waste every year. The recent ban on importing e-waste to China has diverted much of it to Bangladesh and other neighboring countries due to cheap labor and recycling businesses. This e-waste recycling or computer recycling has been lucrative, with much money being made. It involves employing people to strip down the computers and extract parts that can be used again in machines to be sold on the high street. The rest is then burned or dumped, both of which are potentially hazardous to the environment. The process of extraction uses all kinds of chemicals, like acids which are dumped into the soil and go into the groundwater. Currently, there is not much data available on e-waste management in Bangladesh but it does not reflect the absence of any backyard smelting of circuit boards and manual dismantling of computer parts. Findings E-waste recyclers Source: 3R South Asia Expert Workshop, Nepal 2006 Used Lead Acid Battery (ULAB) and plastic waste recycling has picked up its pace (mostly informal sectors) due to the change in the waste streams and increase in the vehicle use. These two areas of recycling employ thousands of informal sectors despite to their health risks and environmental pollution. For instance, every month, around 600 tons of lead is recycled, and the informal sector rebuilds over 100,000 pieces of plate separators besides repairing large numbers of other batteries. In 2005, over 85% of the produced batteries were recycled. Three types of technology are currently in use: 1. Rotary Furnace (recovery rate of 65%) 2. Mondir Chulli (recovery rate of 60%) 3. Pan or Hole process (recovery rate of 55-60%) The current recovery rate indicates the potential to upgrade the existing smelting technology to recover more lead from the ULAB compared to developed countries where the recovery rate is over 70% (Waste Concern, 2006). GAPS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF 3R Worldwide, experiences indicate that applying 3R is a lucrative way of tackling waste management issues. The first step in this exercise is an assessment of the technology options available for implementing 3R-based solutions. Proactive policies and relevant legislations emphasizing 3R-based solutions are vital to achieve a higher success rate. While recycling is considered as technological ability, reduce and reuse is often considered
Recycling ULAB Image source: Waste concern management or policy oriented. In this context, the following sections present information on the technology and management aspects with the focus on 3R. TECHNOLOGY GAPS Waste Management has been the top priority issue for local administration bodies in the country. Continuously increasing quantities and inconsistent composition of the waste are some of the barriers to the effective implementation of management practices. However, it is widely believed that applying appropriate technologies can result in effective solutions to the crisis. In this context, the table below presents the status of technologies currently used in Bangladesh, with a special focus on 3R in urban municipal, healthcare and e-waste. MANAGEMENT ASPECTS Bangladesh is in need of a comprehensive solid waste management policy. In this attempt to address waste management issues, it is ideal to incorporate 3R policies as well. This helps to favor growth with a 3R mentality at an early stage. With limited land, natural and budget resources, the country can save money only by applying the 3R for the management of waste. Chapter 3: Country Analysis 13
- Page 2 and 3: 3R in Asia a gap analysis in select
- Page 4 and 5: Rapid economic growth is accompanie
- Page 6 and 7: ii Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Knowledge
- Page 8 and 9: iv Acronyms & Abbreviations 3R Redu
- Page 11 and 12: Foreword Preface Executive Summary
- Page 13 and 14: Enormous challenges in developing a
- Page 15 and 16: Country Highlights in Promoting 3R
- Page 17 and 18: The objective of the analyses was t
- Page 19 and 20: Strong and Weak represent the level
- Page 21 and 22: BACKGROUND Bangladesh has a populat
- Page 23: HEALTHCARE WASTE Currently, Banglad
- Page 27 and 28: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
- Page 29 and 30: BACKGROUND Bhutan is a small landlo
- Page 31 and 32: Most of the higher value recyclable
- Page 33 and 34: E-WASTE No published information ex
- Page 35 and 36: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
- Page 37 and 38: BACKGROUND Brunei Darussalam or Bru
- Page 39 and 40: The NCE was established in 1993 by
- Page 41 and 42: for health settings but the princip
- Page 43 and 44: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
- Page 45 and 46: BACKGROUND Cambodia currently has a
- Page 47 and 48: Findings On-going difficulties in s
- Page 49 and 50: GAPS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF 3R World
- Page 51 and 52: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
- Page 53 and 54: BACKGROUND Referred as ‘workshop
- Page 55 and 56: year, an integrated solid waste man
- Page 57 and 58: • Weak infrastructure of disposal
- Page 59 and 60: TECHNOLOGY STATUS FOR IMPLEMENTATIO
- Page 61 and 62: Priorities must be set to implement
- Page 63 and 64: BACKGROUND Urbanization and uncontr
- Page 65 and 66: Quantity and characteristics are tw
- Page 67 and 68: The mandate of the National Task Fo
- Page 69 and 70: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
- Page 71 and 72: BACKGROUND Indonesia, with over 18,
- Page 73 and 74: The Compost Subsidy Project plans t
Recycl<strong>in</strong>g ULAB<br />
Image source: Waste concern<br />
management or policy oriented. In this context,<br />
the follow<strong>in</strong>g sections present <strong>in</strong>formation on<br />
the technology and management aspects with<br />
the focus on <strong>3R</strong>.<br />
TECHNOLOGY GAPS<br />
Waste Management has been the top priority<br />
issue for local adm<strong>in</strong>istration bodies <strong>in</strong> the<br />
country. Cont<strong>in</strong>uously <strong>in</strong>creas<strong>in</strong>g quantities and<br />
<strong>in</strong>consistent composition of the waste are some<br />
of the barriers to the effective implementation of<br />
management practices. However, it is widely<br />
believed that apply<strong>in</strong>g appropriate technologies<br />
can result <strong>in</strong> effective solutions to the crisis. In<br />
this context, the table below presents the status<br />
of technologies currently used <strong>in</strong> Bangladesh,<br />
with a special focus on <strong>3R</strong> <strong>in</strong> urban municipal,<br />
healthcare and e-waste.<br />
MANAGEMENT ASPECTS<br />
Bangladesh is <strong>in</strong> need of a comprehensive solid<br />
waste management policy. In this attempt to<br />
address waste management issues, it is ideal to<br />
<strong>in</strong>corporate <strong>3R</strong> policies as well. This helps to<br />
favor growth with a <strong>3R</strong> mentality at an early<br />
stage. With limited land, natural and budget<br />
resources, the country can save money only by<br />
apply<strong>in</strong>g the <strong>3R</strong> for the management of waste.<br />
Chapter 3: Country <strong>Analysis</strong><br />
13
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