A Gap Analysis in Selected Asian Countries, 3R Knowledge Hub ...

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130 3R Gap Analysis and Findings From the findings, though there have been successful practices such as thermal, fuel and material recovery was observed, there is still a lack of environment friendly technologies exists. For instance, incineration is one of the technologies highly practiced where problems with dioxin emissions and disposal are still persistent. Instead of finding adhoc solutions for waste management, strategic plans on choosing unobserved environmental friendly technologies practiced at smaller level has to be brought to the limelight and made as a reference...
chapter 4 Conclusions & Recommendations A review of prevailing waste management practices and technology gaps towards implementing 3R was conducted for some Asian countries. The scope of the study was restricted primarily to three sectors: urban municipal waste, healthcare waste and e-waste. The following sections provide a comprehensive interpretation of the results. URBAN MUNICIPALWASTE An analysis of urban municipal waste management indicates that 3R-oriented technologies such as thermal recovery (direct combustion of waste to recover heat) and fuel recovery (production of refuse-derived fuel and packaging-derived fuel from waste) are effectively practiced in Japan, Singapore, Korea, India and Malaysia. Technologies such as incineration are formally strong in Korea, China, Malaysia and Thailand. It was observed that successful countries with better technologies have adequate management and policy instruments. In countries like Cambodia and Vietnam, technologies for material recovery, sorting and pulverizing were found to be informal but strongly practiced. Remarkable technology gaps were found in Bhutan followed by Cambodia due to insufficient national policies, barriers to access international information, technology and services, and insufficient international cooperation. HEALTHCARE WASTE Among the 3R-based technologies for healthcare waste, incineration was observed to be predominant in countries such as Japan, Singapore, China, Korea, Malaysia and Thailand. Waste-to-energy technologies for recovering thermal, fuel and materials were found to be practiced strongly in Singapore, Korea and Malaysia. In India, although various technologies are practiced, they are often observed to be informal, but strongly deployed. This is due to the inadequate policies and management system. On the other hand, countries like Philippines, though having appropriate policies and essential instruments, lack cooperation and good practices. Vietnam and Bhutan are among the countries showing insufficient management systems and policy aspects. E-WASTE In the case of e-waste, Japan was found to have formal and strong technologies like material recovery, sorting and pulverization. Next are Korea and Thailand with successful practices in material recovery and sorting. Among the other countries, Cambodia was observed to be informal but with strong practices. Countries such as Bangladesh and China were found to have largely informal and weak systems. This can be attributed to the insufficient management and policy frameworks. In essence, an overview of the current practices of waste management indicates that: • Recycling is predominantly in the informal sector and uses primitive technology. • Very little instances of promoting formal, 3Rbased solutions for waste crisis exist. • Specific policies emphasizing the need for 3R are very rare in Asian countries with exceptions of some developed nations in the region. • Technology Transfer and Policy Reformulation are essential to promote 3Rs. • Cooperative and concerted efforts between and within countries are at the hour of need to promote a 3R-based economy. Chapter 4: Conclusions & Recommendations 131
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3R in Asia a gap analysis in select
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Rapid economic growth is accompanie
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ii Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Knowledge
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iv Acronyms & Abbreviations 3R Redu
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Foreword Preface Executive Summary
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Enormous challenges in developing a
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Country Highlights in Promoting 3R
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The objective of the analyses was t
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Strong and Weak represent the level
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BACKGROUND Bangladesh has a populat
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HEALTHCARE WASTE Currently, Banglad
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Recycling ULAB Image source: Waste
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CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
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BACKGROUND Bhutan is a small landlo
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Most of the higher value recyclable
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E-WASTE No published information ex
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BACKGROUND Brunei Darussalam or Bru
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The NCE was established in 1993 by
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for health settings but the princip
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BACKGROUND Cambodia currently has a
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Findings On-going difficulties in s
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GAPS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF 3R World
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BACKGROUND Referred as ‘workshop
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year, an integrated solid waste man
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• Weak infrastructure of disposal
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TECHNOLOGY STATUS FOR IMPLEMENTATIO
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Priorities must be set to implement
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BACKGROUND Urbanization and uncontr
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Quantity and characteristics are tw
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The mandate of the National Task Fo
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BACKGROUND Indonesia, with over 18,
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The Compost Subsidy Project plans t
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BACKGROUND Located in the Pacific O
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Eco-Town at Kitakyushu in Japan The
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GAPS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF 3R World
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BACKGROUND With a population of abo
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The Ministry of Environment has bee
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SOURCES AND QUANTITIES OF HEALTHCAR
Page 91 and 92: The rightful use of appropriate and
Page 93 and 94: BACKGROUND The Lao People’s Democ
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Page 97 and 98: Efforts were made by the Government
Page 99 and 100: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
Page 101 and 102: BACKGROUND With about 330,000 km 2
Page 103 and 104: nationwide. Malaysia has plans to s
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Page 109 and 110: BACKGROUND Republic of Philippines
Page 111 and 112: Recyclable waste transported from t
Page 113 and 114: Findings About five years ago, the
Page 117 and 118: BACKGROUND Singapore, an island bet
Page 119 and 120: Participation by households increas
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Page 123 and 124: Presently, the country relies predo
Page 125 and 126: BACKGROUND Thailand is one of the n
Page 127 and 128: Findings Appropriate policies and e
Page 129 and 130: In the industrial sector, e-waste i
Page 133 and 134: BACKGROUND In recent decades, Vietn
Page 135 and 136: opportunity for waste recycling bus
Page 137 and 138: Findings There is a need to develop
Page 139 and 140: TECHNOLOGY STATUS FOR IMPLEMENTATIO
Page 141: Vietnam’s solid waste management
Page 145 and 146: ABC news, ‘ E-waste China’ (200
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