A Gap Analysis in Selected Asian Countries, 3R Knowledge Hub ...

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118 3R Gap Analysis and Findings E-waste recycling at the Wongpanit plant (Phitsanulok) Image source: Wongpanit rate to form the next step. While recycling is considered as technological ability, reduce and reuse is often considered management or policy oriented. TECHNOLOGY GAPS Thailand has been able to recover itself from the 1997 Asian crisis by employing appropriate technologies for its production processes. Moreover, Thailand is possibly one of the countries in Southeast Asia adopting advanced technologies. The mere nature and scale of production in the country demonstrates this feature. Waste management in Thailand also adopts appropriate technologies and good TECHNOLOGY STATUS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF 3R IN THAILAND Waste Category Urban Municipal Waste E-Waste Healthcare Waste Formal, Strong Formal but weak Technology Thermal Recovery Fuel Recovery Material Recovery Sorting Pulverizing Composting Incineration Collection Material Recovery Sorting Pulverizing Collection Material Recovery Sorting Pulverizing Incineration Collection Informal, Weak Informal but Strong practices. Though the country has been taking all initiatives in improving the waste management system, it is high time that it also focuses on closed-loop material cycles to improve resource efficiency. MANAGEMENT ASPECTS In addition to adopting advanced technologies, Thailand also has an excellent administrative and management system that foresees issues and formulates plans. Its revival from the Asian crisis is an example of the countries proactive response system. Status Technology Gap
CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLICIES, LEGISLATIVE MEASURES AND OTHER INITIATIVES Systems for Integrating Environmental Considerations into Socioeconomic Activities Support for 3R-related Activities Framework Direct Regulatory Economic Voluntary Information Procedural Environmental Education Science and Technology Reduction of Barriers to International Flow International Cooperation Cooperation of Stakeholders Promotion of Science and Technology for 3R Sufficient 3R Management Aspects National Integrated Waste Management Plan National Master Plan on Cleaner Production Technology • Industrial Waste Management • E-waste Management with Polluter Pays Principle • Plan on Packaging and Packaging Waste Management • Pilot Program on Plastic and Foam Waste Recycling Financial support by National and Provincial Governments to Local Government and Private Sector • Green Label Scheme • Take Back Schemes for End-of-Life Products • Waste Exchange Programs • Green Purchasing Network Waste Management Programs Guidelines for Waste Management Lack of systems for environmental quality surveillance • Ministry of Natural Resources and Evironment • Ministry of Industry • Financial and Technical Support by Central Government of Thailand • Private Agencies • Support from Government of Japan, Government of Germany and UN agencies through International Technical Programs Lack of Mechanisms for Environmental Education Promotion of Science and Technology • Government to negotiate Free Trade Agreements with various countries for the greatest good of the country • Banned the import of used tyres under the Basel Convention 2003 Green Partnership Plan with Government of Japan Flourescent Lamp Partnership Program in cooperation with Government of Japan National Legal Framework, Policy, and Strategy • Construction and Demolition Waste Management System project by GTZ and Pollution Control Department For information sharing, training and public awareness • Green Aid Plan, Japan Reduce: Pilot Project • Promotion of Cleaner Technology in Thai Industries Recycle: Pilot Project • Economic Incentives Solid Waste Bank (CIDA) Initiation of Recycling-oriented Society: • Cooperation among all stakeholders; National Government, Provincial Administration and Private Sector • Community Participation, Industries • Cooperation with other Asian Countries and Agencies Development of Technology for: • Material Recovery • Plastic and Foam Waste Management • Green Purchasing Network Insufficient Gap Status Chapter 3: Country Analysis 119
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3R in Asia a gap analysis in select
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Rapid economic growth is accompanie
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ii Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Knowledge
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iv Acronyms & Abbreviations 3R Redu
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Foreword Preface Executive Summary
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Enormous challenges in developing a
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Country Highlights in Promoting 3R
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The objective of the analyses was t
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Strong and Weak represent the level
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BACKGROUND Bangladesh has a populat
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HEALTHCARE WASTE Currently, Banglad
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Recycling ULAB Image source: Waste
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CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
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BACKGROUND Bhutan is a small landlo
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Most of the higher value recyclable
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E-WASTE No published information ex
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BACKGROUND Brunei Darussalam or Bru
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The NCE was established in 1993 by
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for health settings but the princip
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BACKGROUND Cambodia currently has a
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Findings On-going difficulties in s
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GAPS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF 3R World
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BACKGROUND Referred as ‘workshop
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year, an integrated solid waste man
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• Weak infrastructure of disposal
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TECHNOLOGY STATUS FOR IMPLEMENTATIO
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Priorities must be set to implement
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BACKGROUND Urbanization and uncontr
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Quantity and characteristics are tw
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The mandate of the National Task Fo
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BACKGROUND Indonesia, with over 18,
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The Compost Subsidy Project plans t
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BACKGROUND Located in the Pacific O
Page 79 and 80: Eco-Town at Kitakyushu in Japan The
Page 81 and 82: GAPS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF 3R World
Page 83 and 84: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
Page 85 and 86: BACKGROUND With a population of abo
Page 87 and 88: The Ministry of Environment has bee
Page 89 and 90: SOURCES AND QUANTITIES OF HEALTHCAR
Page 91 and 92: The rightful use of appropriate and
Page 93 and 94: BACKGROUND The Lao People’s Democ
Page 95 and 96: In the national level, Science, Tec
Page 97 and 98: Efforts were made by the Government
Page 101 and 102: BACKGROUND With about 330,000 km 2
Page 103 and 104: nationwide. Malaysia has plans to s
Page 105 and 106: and disposal of hazardous waste; in
Page 109 and 110: BACKGROUND Republic of Philippines
Page 111 and 112: Recyclable waste transported from t
Page 113 and 114: Findings About five years ago, the
Page 117 and 118: BACKGROUND Singapore, an island bet
Page 119 and 120: Participation by households increas
Page 121 and 122: Standards Board (now the National S
Page 123 and 124: Presently, the country relies predo
Page 125 and 126: BACKGROUND Thailand is one of the n
Page 127 and 128: Findings Appropriate policies and e
Page 129: In the industrial sector, e-waste i
Page 133 and 134: BACKGROUND In recent decades, Vietn
Page 135 and 136: opportunity for waste recycling bus
Page 137 and 138: Findings There is a need to develop
Page 139 and 140: TECHNOLOGY STATUS FOR IMPLEMENTATIO
Page 141 and 142: Vietnam’s solid waste management
Page 143 and 144: chapter 4 Conclusions & Recommendat
Page 145 and 146: ABC news, ‘ E-waste China’ (200
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