A Gap Analysis in Selected Asian Countries, 3R Knowledge Hub ...

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112 3R Gap Analysis and Findings Around 64 million tons or 75% of the total agricultural waste is either un-utilized or under utilized. Considering the availability and potentials of the agricultural wastes in the country, it is essential that they be considered with top priority to make the best possible use...
BACKGROUND Thailand is one of the newly industrialized countries of Southeast Asia located centrally in the Indo-China Peninsula with a total area of 514,000 km 2 . Of the 64 million population 22% live in urban areas. The country’s economic growth rate was at 8.2% during 1981-91, which decreased to about 4.6% in 2000 due to the Southeast Asian economic crisis in 1997. The urban dwellers are concentrated in the Bangkok metropolis with a population of about 10 million. Solid waste generation has witnessed a rapid upwards trend parallel to its economic growth and industrialization. The country’s strategic location in Southeast Asia attracts industrial investments due to conducive policies and fiscal rebates. Of late, the country is known as the “Detroit of Asia” and “Kitchen of the World”. Not to mention the side effects of industrial development; resource depletion and waste disposal concerns. Though the country does not face any serious resource threats, the Government has been proactively tackling environmental issues. PRIORITY AREAS Thailand has traditionally been an agrarian country with vast land areas devoted for cultivation. Industrialization and modernization have been happening only in recent decades. Agriculture is still practiced in various parts of the country. Agricultural waste represents a major fraction in the rural areas. Primarily, there are ten kinds of agricultural waste that have the potential to be reused-residues from rice, cane, corn, coconut, palm, cassava, peanut, cotton, soybean and sorghum. Roughly 22 % or 18 million tons of the total agricultural waste out of 82 million 3.14 Thailand tons has the potential to be reused for various purposes. The majority of agricultural waste is utilized for renewable energy generation. Around 64 million tons or 75 % of the total agricultural waste is either un-utilized or under utilized. Considering the availability and potentials of the agricultural wastes in the country, it is essential that they be considered with top priority to make the best possible use. URBAN MUNICIPAL WASTE Thailand produces around 46,000 tons of nonhazardous solid household waste per day. The Pollution Control Department (PCD) of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, estimates municipal solid waste generation is growing about 4% per year. Municipal solid waste in Thailand is from three regions: the Bangkok metropolitan generating aout 25% of the total waste; urban centers in the provinces about 35%, and rural provincial areas, which produce the remaining 40%. Chapter 3: Country Analysis 113
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3R in Asia a gap analysis in select
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Rapid economic growth is accompanie
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ii Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Knowledge
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iv Acronyms & Abbreviations 3R Redu
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Foreword Preface Executive Summary
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Enormous challenges in developing a
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Country Highlights in Promoting 3R
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The objective of the analyses was t
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Strong and Weak represent the level
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BACKGROUND Bangladesh has a populat
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HEALTHCARE WASTE Currently, Banglad
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Recycling ULAB Image source: Waste
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CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
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BACKGROUND Bhutan is a small landlo
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Most of the higher value recyclable
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E-WASTE No published information ex
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BACKGROUND Brunei Darussalam or Bru
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The NCE was established in 1993 by
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for health settings but the princip
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BACKGROUND Cambodia currently has a
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Findings On-going difficulties in s
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GAPS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF 3R World
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BACKGROUND Referred as ‘workshop
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year, an integrated solid waste man
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• Weak infrastructure of disposal
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TECHNOLOGY STATUS FOR IMPLEMENTATIO
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Priorities must be set to implement
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BACKGROUND Urbanization and uncontr
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Quantity and characteristics are tw
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The mandate of the National Task Fo
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BACKGROUND Indonesia, with over 18,
Page 73 and 74: The Compost Subsidy Project plans t
Page 75 and 76: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
Page 77 and 78: BACKGROUND Located in the Pacific O
Page 79 and 80: Eco-Town at Kitakyushu in Japan The
Page 81 and 82: GAPS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF 3R World
Page 85 and 86: BACKGROUND With a population of abo
Page 87 and 88: The Ministry of Environment has bee
Page 89 and 90: SOURCES AND QUANTITIES OF HEALTHCAR
Page 91 and 92: The rightful use of appropriate and
Page 93 and 94: BACKGROUND The Lao People’s Democ
Page 95 and 96: In the national level, Science, Tec
Page 97 and 98: Efforts were made by the Government
Page 101 and 102: BACKGROUND With about 330,000 km 2
Page 103 and 104: nationwide. Malaysia has plans to s
Page 105 and 106: and disposal of hazardous waste; in
Page 109 and 110: BACKGROUND Republic of Philippines
Page 111 and 112: Recyclable waste transported from t
Page 113 and 114: Findings About five years ago, the
Page 117 and 118: BACKGROUND Singapore, an island bet
Page 119 and 120: Participation by households increas
Page 121 and 122: Standards Board (now the National S
Page 123: Presently, the country relies predo
Page 127 and 128: Findings Appropriate policies and e
Page 129 and 130: In the industrial sector, e-waste i
Page 133 and 134: BACKGROUND In recent decades, Vietn
Page 135 and 136: opportunity for waste recycling bus
Page 137 and 138: Findings There is a need to develop
Page 139 and 140: TECHNOLOGY STATUS FOR IMPLEMENTATIO
Page 141 and 142: Vietnam’s solid waste management
Page 143 and 144: chapter 4 Conclusions & Recommendat
Page 145 and 146: ABC news, ‘ E-waste China’ (200
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