A Gap Analysis in Selected Asian Countries, 3R Knowledge Hub ...
A Gap Analysis in Selected Asian Countries, 3R Knowledge Hub ... A Gap Analysis in Selected Asian Countries, 3R Knowledge Hub ...
104 3R Gap Analysis and Findings Considering the quantity of waste reaching the incinerators and landfills, it is evident that urban municipal waste is a priority area requiring immediate action with respect to 3R related activities. The Singapore Green Plan 2012 also confirms the understanding that the disposal of urban municipal waste poses an imminent problem...
BACKGROUND Singapore, an island between Malaysia and Indonesia in Southeast Asia, has a land area of 690 km 2 with a population of about 4.4 million. Industrial pollution, limited natural fresh water resources and seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia are some of the major environmental issues affecting the country. On top of all these issues are the threats stemming from waste management that results from the island’s limited land availability for disposal. Over the last 30-40 years, Singapore has transformed to an urbanized, industrialized and affluent country. This has led to a rising trend in waste generation, producing about 1,200 tons per day in 1970 and growing to 7,000 tons per day by 2005. This growth in solid waste generation places considerable demands on waste management, disposal facilities and the environment. PRIORITY AREAS Over the past three decades, the solid waste disposed in Singapore has increased five-fold. Domestic waste increased about three-fold. Non-domestic waste increased even more by about eight-fold mainly from the high growth in the manufacturing and services sectors. Since 1979, the government has spent billions of dollars to build four incineration plants and sanitary landfills. The incineration plants have been designed to incinerate waste safely and are adequately equipped with air pollution control equipments. They effectively reduce the volume of waste for final disposal in the landfill and also recover energy and scrap metals. Even then, the last landfill on the main island of Singapore was filled up in 1999 and a new 3.13 Singapore offshore landfill at Pulau Semakau had to be developed for non-combustible waste. With the present rate of growth in solid waste, Singapore would need to build a new incineration plant every five to seven years and a new landfill the size of Semakau Landfill every 25-30 years. Considering the quantity of waste reaching the incinerators and landfills, it is evident that urban municipal waste is a priority area requiring immediate action with respect to 3R related activities. The Singapore Green Plan 2012 also confirms the understanding that the disposal of urban municipal waste poses an imminent problem. URBAN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE Waste generated in Singapore is broadly classified as (i) domestic and trade waste arising from residential premises, markets, food retail outlets, schools and trade premises (ii) commercial and industrial waste from industrial premises, construction sites and shipyards. About 2.5 million tons of waste was disposed of in 2006. Nearly, 90% (2.3 million tons) was incinerated while the remaining went to landfills. Chapter 3: Country Analysis 105
- Page 65 and 66: Quantity and characteristics are tw
- Page 67 and 68: The mandate of the National Task Fo
- Page 69 and 70: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
- Page 71 and 72: BACKGROUND Indonesia, with over 18,
- Page 73 and 74: The Compost Subsidy Project plans t
- Page 75 and 76: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
- Page 77 and 78: BACKGROUND Located in the Pacific O
- Page 79 and 80: Eco-Town at Kitakyushu in Japan The
- Page 81 and 82: GAPS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF 3R World
- Page 83 and 84: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
- Page 85 and 86: BACKGROUND With a population of abo
- Page 87 and 88: The Ministry of Environment has bee
- Page 89 and 90: SOURCES AND QUANTITIES OF HEALTHCAR
- Page 91 and 92: The rightful use of appropriate and
- Page 93 and 94: BACKGROUND The Lao People’s Democ
- Page 95 and 96: In the national level, Science, Tec
- Page 97 and 98: Efforts were made by the Government
- Page 99 and 100: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
- Page 101 and 102: BACKGROUND With about 330,000 km 2
- Page 103 and 104: nationwide. Malaysia has plans to s
- Page 105 and 106: and disposal of hazardous waste; in
- Page 107 and 108: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
- Page 109 and 110: BACKGROUND Republic of Philippines
- Page 111 and 112: Recyclable waste transported from t
- Page 113 and 114: Findings About five years ago, the
- Page 115: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
- Page 119 and 120: Participation by households increas
- Page 121 and 122: Standards Board (now the National S
- Page 123 and 124: Presently, the country relies predo
- Page 125 and 126: BACKGROUND Thailand is one of the n
- Page 127 and 128: Findings Appropriate policies and e
- Page 129 and 130: In the industrial sector, e-waste i
- Page 131 and 132: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
- Page 133 and 134: BACKGROUND In recent decades, Vietn
- Page 135 and 136: opportunity for waste recycling bus
- Page 137 and 138: Findings There is a need to develop
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- Page 141 and 142: Vietnam’s solid waste management
- Page 143 and 144: chapter 4 Conclusions & Recommendat
- Page 145 and 146: ABC news, ‘ E-waste China’ (200
104<br />
<strong>3R</strong> <strong>Gap</strong> <strong>Analysis</strong> and F<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gs<br />
Consider<strong>in</strong>g the<br />
quantity of waste<br />
reach<strong>in</strong>g the<br />
<strong>in</strong>c<strong>in</strong>erators and<br />
landfills, it is<br />
evident that urban<br />
municipal waste is a<br />
priority area<br />
requir<strong>in</strong>g immediate<br />
action with respect<br />
to <strong>3R</strong> related<br />
activities. The<br />
S<strong>in</strong>gapore Green<br />
Plan 2012 also<br />
confirms the<br />
understand<strong>in</strong>g that<br />
the disposal of urban<br />
municipal waste<br />
poses an imm<strong>in</strong>ent<br />
problem...
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