A Gap Analysis in Selected Asian Countries, 3R Knowledge Hub ...

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102 3R Gap Analysis and Findings second hand goods. There is also not enough landfill area to receive e-waste in the Philippines. For example, it is estimated that for the next 25 years, around 60 million units will be obsolete and would require 8.5 m 3 of landfill space on 57 ha of land. This estimate of e-waste does not take account of computers and only include television, air conditioners, washing machine, radios, and washing machines. As such, recycling facilities are not sufficient to accommodate this volume. GAPS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF 3R Worldwide, experiences indicate that applying 3R is a lucrative way of tackling waste management issues. The first step in this exercise is an assessment of the technology options available for implementing 3R-based solutions. Proactive policies and relevant legislations emphasizing 3R-based solutions are vital to achieve a higher success rate to form the next step. While recycling is considered as technological ability, reduce and reuse is often considered management or policy oriented. In this context, the following sections present information on the technology and management aspects with focus on 3R. TECHNOLOGY GAPS In an archipelago like Philippines, with discrete pockets of islands, it is essential that appropriate technology be used to tackle waste management problems at the source. Evidently, transportation of the waste to a centralized processing facility becomes next to impossible owing to high costs. The need to decentralized waste treatment therefore prevails in the country. Importantly, the technologies for waste management are required to focus on 3R. MANAGEMENT ASPECTS An assessment of the policies and legislative measures of the Philippines appears to yield positive results. Table presents an overview of the management, legislative and policy aspects of the country. TECHNOLOGY STATUS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF 3R IN THE PHILIPPINES Waste Category Urban Municipal Waste E-Waste Healthcare Waste Formal, Strong Formal but weak Technology Thermal Recovery Fuel Recovery Material Recovery Sorting Pulverizing Composting Incineration Collection Material Recovery Sorting Pulverizing Collection Material Recovery Sorting Pulverizing Incineration Collection Informal, Weak Informal but Strong Status Technology Gap
CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLICIES, LEGISLATIVE MEASURES AND OTHER INITIATIVES Systems for Integrating Environmental Considerations into Socioeconomic Activities Framework Direct Regulatory Economic Voluntary Information Procedural Support for 3R-related Activities Environmental Education Science and Technology Reduction of Barriers to International Flow Cooperation of Stakeholders International Cooperation Promotion of Science and Technology for 3R Sufficient 3R Management Aspects Ecological Solid Waste Management • Ecological Solid waste Management Act of 2000 Recycling and Recovery Eco-labeling & Green procurement • Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990 • Incentives to facilities and Industry Associations implementing Pollution Prevention programs • Funds from Financial Institutions • Eco-labeling • Green Procurement • Industrial Waste Exchange Program • Industrial Environmental Management Project • Promotion of Industrial Eco Park Solid waste Reduction master Plan Draft guidelines for EPR Lack of information for the public and industrial sector Formulation of standards and levels classifying wastes eligible for recycle. Implementation of ISO 14001- Environmental Management System in government agencies & Business establishment • Technical assistance from International Development Research Center (IDRC), Canada • Technical and financial assistance from US Agency for International Development (USAID) • Local Government Units • NGOs Lack of Environmental Education Under implementation level • Response of industries to Basel convention • The Japan-Philippines Economic Partnership Agreement (JPEPA) • Agreement on Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes from the Philippines to the United States (2001) • International Certification on Environmental Management Systems • Technical assistance from Canada • Technical and Financial assistance from USAID • Information Sharing, Training, Public Awareness Green Aid Plan, Japan • Pilot Project: Industrial Environmental Management Project (USAID) for Recycling Information Method • Industrial Waste Exchange Program (Canada, US-AEP) • Private Sector Participation in Managing the Environment (UNDP) Memoranda of Understanding with NGOs & recycling industries • Promotion of technology for Waste minimization and recycling and recovery of waste in industries • National Registration of Hazardous waste generation, treatment, storage and disposal Insufficient Gap Status Chapter 3: Country Analysis 103
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3R in Asia a gap analysis in select
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Rapid economic growth is accompanie
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ii Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Knowledge
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iv Acronyms & Abbreviations 3R Redu
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Foreword Preface Executive Summary
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Enormous challenges in developing a
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Country Highlights in Promoting 3R
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The objective of the analyses was t
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Strong and Weak represent the level
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BACKGROUND Bangladesh has a populat
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HEALTHCARE WASTE Currently, Banglad
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Recycling ULAB Image source: Waste
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CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
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BACKGROUND Bhutan is a small landlo
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Most of the higher value recyclable
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E-WASTE No published information ex
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BACKGROUND Brunei Darussalam or Bru
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The NCE was established in 1993 by
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for health settings but the princip
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BACKGROUND Cambodia currently has a
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Findings On-going difficulties in s
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GAPS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF 3R World
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BACKGROUND Referred as ‘workshop
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year, an integrated solid waste man
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• Weak infrastructure of disposal
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TECHNOLOGY STATUS FOR IMPLEMENTATIO
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Priorities must be set to implement
Page 63 and 64: BACKGROUND Urbanization and uncontr
Page 65 and 66: Quantity and characteristics are tw
Page 67 and 68: The mandate of the National Task Fo
Page 69 and 70: CURRENT SITUATION OF NATIONAL POLIC
Page 71 and 72: BACKGROUND Indonesia, with over 18,
Page 73 and 74: The Compost Subsidy Project plans t
Page 77 and 78: BACKGROUND Located in the Pacific O
Page 79 and 80: Eco-Town at Kitakyushu in Japan The
Page 81 and 82: GAPS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF 3R World
Page 85 and 86: BACKGROUND With a population of abo
Page 87 and 88: The Ministry of Environment has bee
Page 89 and 90: SOURCES AND QUANTITIES OF HEALTHCAR
Page 91 and 92: The rightful use of appropriate and
Page 93 and 94: BACKGROUND The Lao People’s Democ
Page 95 and 96: In the national level, Science, Tec
Page 97 and 98: Efforts were made by the Government
Page 101 and 102: BACKGROUND With about 330,000 km 2
Page 103 and 104: nationwide. Malaysia has plans to s
Page 105 and 106: and disposal of hazardous waste; in
Page 109 and 110: BACKGROUND Republic of Philippines
Page 111 and 112: Recyclable waste transported from t
Page 113: Findings About five years ago, the
Page 117 and 118: BACKGROUND Singapore, an island bet
Page 119 and 120: Participation by households increas
Page 121 and 122: Standards Board (now the National S
Page 123 and 124: Presently, the country relies predo
Page 125 and 126: BACKGROUND Thailand is one of the n
Page 127 and 128: Findings Appropriate policies and e
Page 129 and 130: In the industrial sector, e-waste i
Page 133 and 134: BACKGROUND In recent decades, Vietn
Page 135 and 136: opportunity for waste recycling bus
Page 137 and 138: Findings There is a need to develop
Page 139 and 140: TECHNOLOGY STATUS FOR IMPLEMENTATIO
Page 141 and 142: Vietnam’s solid waste management
Page 143 and 144: chapter 4 Conclusions & Recommendat
Page 145 and 146: ABC news, ‘ E-waste China’ (200
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