Evaluation of Plastic Waste Management in Thailand Using Material ...

estates. People though that the oil recovery from plastic wastes is better than plastic waste
incineration because of the high consumption rate of fossil fuels. In waste shop’s view, the
waste incineration is good to dispose plastic wastes because the residue wastes from
sorting can be sold to cement industry. According to waste shop respondents, the waste to
energy project is difficulty in giving continuity because the waste to energy scheme does
not promote continuously. The weaknesses of energy recovery from plastic wastes are
lacks of information sharing and project monitoring. Therefore, people do not know on oil
recovery from plastic wastes or waste incineration. Some people do not understand the
meaning of waste to energy, and they cannot imagine on the energy recovery from oil
recovery plants and waste incinerators.
Banning plastic bag used in Thailand, this scheme relates to the scenario 2 in order to
reduce the plastic bag wastes in municipal wastes. Approximately 46% of 125 samples
agreed with the plastic bag banning. Some department stores in Bangkok like The Mall and
Central stimulated their customers to ban plastic bags. For instance, The Mall reduces one
Baht per bill for customers who refused plastic bags (Thairath, 2013). The Central
department store promoted “Central No Bag Day Sale”, and it gave 5% discount for
participated customers (THANONLINE, 2013).
Only 13% of 125 samples agreed with the plastic bag charge followed by the plastic bag
taxation. In 2009, the public opinion survey on the plastic bag taxation was done, and the
result was that Thai consumers opposed the plastic bag taxation (Boonyaraks, 2009).
Therefore, Thai people still oppose with the plastic bag taxation. This scheme in the
scenario 2 may be less success than the recycling business scheme. It is not only
consumers who opposed the plastic bag taxation, but it is also the plastic bag producers
who lose their profits from this taxation.
Finally, the waste collection and transportation of the scenario 2 and 3 will be improved to
collect over 90% of plastic waste generation in 2016. The waste collection fee is the
important factor to support the waste collection service, but the municipalities, in fact, gain
a little revenue from waste generators. The waste collection fee is the one proposed scheme
of scenario 2 and 3. Only 15% of 125 samples agreed with the waste collection fee. People
did not satisfy with the existing waste collection services, so they do not want to pay more
for the poor waste collection services. Hence, the government has to focus on this issue
because the budgets/funds are important to improve plastic waste management facilities
and projects.
4.4 Stakeholder Analysis for Plastic Waste Management in Thailand
The primary data and secondary data were analyzed to present the relevant and important
stakeholders of plastic waste management in Thailand. This section consists of the lists of
important stakeholders, their roles and responsibilities and the relationship and networks
among each other. Stakeholder analysis is very critical in terms of assessing the practices
of plastic waste management at current setting as well as in terms of planning futuristic
direction of the plastic waste management As a general rule of thumb, each stakeholders
when follow their roles and responsibilities aids the success of a project, better plastic
waste management in this context.
87